4 




HISPANIC 

NOTES & MONOGRAPHS 



ESSAYS, STUDIES, AND BRIEF 
BIOGRAPHIES ISSUED BY THE 
HISPANIC SOCIETY OF AMERICA 



I 



40 




The Hispanic Society of America 



CUBANS 

OF 

TO-DAY 



EDITED BY 
WILLIAM BELMONT PARKER 
Corres. Memb. of the Hispanic Society of America 




G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS 
NEW YORK AND LONDON 
1919 



Copyright 1919, by 
THE HISPANIC SOCIETY OF AMERICA 




Ubc Iftntcfterbocfeer press, t\cvo Jfforfe 



©CI.A530166 

JUL 10 l'9l'8 




Gnl. Eusebio Hernandez 



FOREWORD 


V 


FOREWORD 

The purpose ot this book falls well 
within the scope of The Hispanic Society 
of America which embraces among its 
objects the " advancement of the study of 
the countries wherein Spanish and Por- 
tuguese are or have been spoken languages/' 
It aims to present to English readers some 
account of the living Cubans who have 
won distinction, and to make them better 
known and appreciated in English-speak- 
ing countries. 

Those whose careers are here recorded 
may fairly be taken as representative of 
Cuba. They are drawn from every im- 
portant field of the national life, as from 
every profession and calling; they include 
Artists, Authors, Churchmen, Diplomats, 
Journalists, Lawyers, Merchants, Officials, 
Orators, Poets, Soldiers, and Teachers. 
They are likewise drawn from every part 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



vi 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




ot the Island; all six of the provinces and 
almost every town in the Republic will 
find their sons here, and if Havana seems 
to have a disproportioned quota in the 
list, this is due to the traditional disposi- 
tion in Latin countries to make the capital 
city the focus of the national life. 

The biographies of the elder men reflect 
the tremendous part which the struggle for 
Independence played in their time and 
show how military prestige overshadowed 
for a time other kinds of distinction just 
as the lives of the younger men disclose the 
increasing value being attached to scien- 
tific, commercial, literary, and scholastic 
attainments. 

Under the severe limitations of space 
which the large number of studies inevit- 
ably imposed, the aim has been kept 
steadily in mind to write genuine " lives"; 
and while avoiding bald summary and 
mere eulogium alike, to produce miniature 
but none the less veritable and, it may be 
hoped, readable biographies. 

The obligations which the editor has 
incurred while preparing this book are too 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



FOREWORD 


vii 


many to be recounted, but it is impossible to 
omit paying his grateful acknowledgments 
for invaluable aid and counsel to his many 
friends; to Dr. Carlos de la Torre, Senor 
Carlos Trelles, Dr. Thomas Barbour, and 
Senor Luis M. Perez for sound advice and 
suggestion; to Dr. Salvador Massip and Dr. 
Ernesto Dihigo for loyal and skillful assist- 
ance and to the whole company of the sub- 
jects of the biographies for their polite and 
friendly cooperation. He takes pleasure 
also in recording his sense of obligation to 
the members of the press of Havana and 
to the Library of Congress of Cuba for 
unwearied and gracious assistance, in 
accord with the best traditions of Hispanic 
courtesy. 

W. B. P. 

Westfield, N. J., May 20, 1919. 




AND MONOGRAPHS 

1 


I 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 



13lO gY CLplttC S tftCLfkcd ZVlihr CL StCLY ) (XYC ill 


14> StY G-tcd* 




PAGE 


Mario G. Menocal* 


I 


I?AFAFT ATOVTORO* 


7 
/ 


Alfredo Gonzalez Bexard 


T ^ 


Vicente Pardo Suarez* 


T C 

A 0 


Jose Manuel Cortina* 


T Q 


Fernando Figueredo y Socarras 


2X 
O 


Charles Hernandez* 


27 


Jose A. Valdes x \nciano 


o A 


Gttstavo Ptno 

V_J \_, J J. *rv v X ill W «... 


1 1 


Diego Tamayo y Figueredo 


1 z 

oO 


Emilio AIartinez 


1Q 

oV 


Evelio Rodriguez Lendian* 




Leonel Plasencia 


-LQ 


Leopoldo Figueroa y Marti* 


u x 


Julio Villoldo* 


53 


Carlos de Velasco y Perez* 


55 


Alvaro de la Iglesia y Santos 


59 


Jose Antonio Pichardo* . 


6i 


Jorge C. Milanes Figueredo* 


• 63 


Marcelino Weiss 


• 65 


Jose A. Malberti* . 


• 67 


Luis A. Baralt, Jr. . 


71 


Leonardo Sorzano-Jorrin 


73 


ix 





x TABLE OF CONTE 



NTS 



PAGE 

Nicolas Rivero* .... 75 
cosme de la tokriente* ... 79 
Arturo Betancourt Manduley . 87 
Domingo Figarola-Caneda . . 91 
Francisco de Arango* 95 
Max Henriquez Urena ... 97 
Nestor Carbonell* . . .101 
^Emeterio S. Santo venia . . .103 
Jorge Navarro Faillacq . 105 
Felipe Gonzalez Sarrain . .107 
Mariano Brull . . .109 
Adolfo de Aragon . . . Ill 
Hubert de Blanck . . 115 

Antonio Rodriguez More y . . 117 
Jorge Le Roy Cassa . .119 
Raimundo de Castro . . 123 
Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante* . 127 
Jose Miguel Gomez* . . 131 
Fernando Lles . . . 137 
Jose Augusto Escoto . . 139 
Juan Santos Fernandez* . 143 
Rafael Perez Vento y Nin . . 147 
Alberto Barreras Fernandez . 149 
Tomas Juan de Justiz y del Valle 153 
Julio Blanco Herrera . . 155 
Mario Munoz Bustamante* . . 157 
Rodolfo Rodriguez de Armas* 159 
Luis Garcia Carbonell . . 161 



TABLE OF CONTENTS xi 





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Miguel Garmendia y Rodriguez* 


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Victor Munoz* ..... 


237 


Domingo F. Ramos y Delgado* 


239 


Ezequiel Garcia Ensenat* 


243 


Manuel Mencia y Garcia 


247 



xii TABLE OF CONTENTS 





PAGE 


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2 59 


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Demetrio Castjli o Duany* 


ofay 


Juan Guiteras* 




Manuel Gutierrez Quiros 


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Jose Manuel Carbonell 


Z(L) 


Emilio Alamilla Requeijo 




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Pedro E. Betancourt* 


29 1 


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Jose A. del Cueto* 


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Victorino Trelles Esturba* 


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Wifredo Fernandez 


• 323 


Oscar Diaz Albertini* 


325 


Miguel de Carrion y Cardenas 


• 327 



TABLE OF CONTENTS xiii 



PAGE 

Domingo Hernando Segui . 329 
octavio averhoff y pla . -331 

Alfredo Rodriguez Morejon* 333 

Ramiro Guerra y Sanchez . 335 

Jose Maria Chacon y Calvo . . 339 

Guillermo Patterson y Jauregui* . 343 

Jose B. Cornide .... 345 

Alcides Betancourt . . . 347 

Gustavo G. Duplessis . 349 

Antonio Bravo Correoso . 351 

Ernesto A. de Aragon . . . 353 

Cristobal de la Guardia* . . 355 

Miguel Alonso Pujol* . . 357 

Honore F. Laine .... 359 

Manuel Ruiz y Rodriguez 361 

Carmela Nieto de Herrera* . . 363 

Jose M. Soler Fernandez* . . 365 

Arturo Montori de Cespedes . . 367 

Ernesto Asbert* .... 369 

Fernando Ortiz y Fernandez* 373 
Alfredo Zayas* . . . -377 

Francisco Carrera Justiz . 381 

Jose Ramon Villalon y Sanchez* 385 

Jose Antonio Presno . . 389 

Abraham Perez Miro . . . 393 

Salvador Salazar .... 397 
Manuel Rafael Angulo . . .401 

Conrado Walter Massaguer y Diaz* 403 



xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS 





PAGE 


Jose A. Rodriguez Garcia* 


A D7 
4 U / 


Jose Comallonga y Mena* 


All 


Juan Manuel Menocal 


AT 7 

4 A / 


RODOLFO GuiRAL 


A TO 


Francisco del Rjo 


4^0 


Alejandro Ruiz Cad also* 


,19 c 
4^0 


Julio E. Brouwer . 


4 / 


Ricardo M. Aleman* 


1 ?0 

4^y 


Juan J. Remos 


AIT 

40 1 


Pablo Desvernine* 


400 


Joaquin N. Aramburu* 


40/ 


Santiago Garcia Canizares 


40V 


Jose G. Villa .... 


AAI 
44 A 


Pablo Miguel y Merino 


A AX 
445 


Temistocles Betancourt y Castillo* 


440 


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Bonifacio Byrne 


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400 


Pft tx Cat t ftas 


.161 


Felipe Garcia Canizares . 


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Manuel Arteaga 


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Armando Menocal .... 


473 


Enrique Collazo y Tejada* 


475 


Armando de Cordova y Quesada* 


479 


Francisco de Paula Coronado y 




Alvaro . . . 


481 


Manuel Delfin .... 


487 



TABLE OF CONTENTS xv 





PAGE 


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Juan IVIiguel Dihigo* 


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Fernando Sanchez de Fuentes 


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Juan Gualberto Gomez* 




Pedro aIendoza Guerra 


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Jose aIiro y Argenter 




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Jose Pereda 


555 


Carolina Poncet y de Cardenas* 




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Ramon Garcia aIon 




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Alberto de Rojas y Cruz at 


569 


Francisco Cabrera Saayedra 


571 


Enrique Roig y Fortesaayedra 


573 


Luis de Sato y Sagarra . 


• 575 



xvi TABLE OF CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Luis Santamaria* .... 


577 


Manuel Marquez Sterling y Loret 




de Mola* . . . . 


579 


Antonio Pardo Suarez 


583 


Jose Varela Zequeira 


585 


Jose Tarafa ..... 


589 


Manuel Villalon .... 


59i 


RlCARDO DE LA TORRIENTE 


593 


Regis du Repaire de Truffin 


595 


Jaime Valle y Diaz 


597 


Nicolas Alberdi* 


599 


Leopoldo Cancio y Luna* 


601 


Rafael Antonio Fernandez* 


605 


Mariano Aramburo* 


607 


Arturo Hevia y Diaz 


611 


Santiago de la Huerta . 


613 


GUILLERMO DOMINGUEZ ROLDAN* 


617 


Aurelio Hevia* .... 


621 


Julio de Cardenas* 


625 


Maria de Los Angeles Landa y 




Gonzales ..... 


627 


Manuel Herryman Gil . 


629 


Mario G. Lebredo y Arango 


631 


Jose Antonio Lopez Del Valle 


635 


Emilio Nunez ..... 


639 


Benigno Souza .... 


643 


Carlos M. de Rojas 


645 


Carlos Theye y Shoste . 


647 



TABLE OF CONTENTS xvii 



PAGE 



Carlos de la Torre* . . . 649 

Andres Segura y Cabrera . -657 

Eusebio Hernandez!L_ . . .661 

Jose Lopez Rodriguez . . . 665 

TOMAS V. CORONADO* . . . 667 

rosendo collazo y garcia* . 675 

Index . . . . . 679 




By permission of B. F. Buck & Co., photographers (N. Y ) 



MENOC AL 


1 


MARIO G. MENOCAL 

Engineer, soldier, man 
of affairs, third President 
of the Republic of Cuba. 

Like many of his compatriots of recent 
times President Menocal has spent much 
of his life away from his own country. His 
boyhood was passed largely in Mexico and 
his youth in the United States where he 
was educated. 

Menocal was born in Hanabana, Prov- 
ince of Matanzas, on the seventeenth of 
December, 1866, the son of Don Gabriel 
G. Menocal, an experienced and skillful 
sugar planter who, when his son Mario 
was about two years old, had to flee from 
Cuba in consequence of his revolutionary 
activities. He went first to the United 
States and thence to Mexico where he 
settled down as a sugar planter at San 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



2 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Juan Bautista, State of Tabasco. Here 
the future President of Cuba spent his boy- 
hood, but when he was thirteen he was 
sent to school in the United States, first at 
the Institute of Chappaqua, New York, and 
later at the Maryland College of Agricul- 
ture whence he passed in 1884 to Cornell 
University where he was graduated in the 
Engineering School in 1888. 

On finishing his University course Meno- 
cal returned to Latin-America but not yet 
to Cuba. He first associated himself with 
his uncle Aniceto Menocal on the com- 
mission for the study and construction of 
the Nicaragua canal route, a task which 
occupied the greater part of three years. 
Then in 1891 he returned to his native land, 
which as yet he hardly knew. He was 
employed for a time as Engineer for a 
French Company owning salt works and 
banana plantations on the Island of Cayo 
Romano and later entered upon railway 
construction work, having been employed 
to carry the survey and location of the 
proposed railway line from Camagtiey to 
Santa Cruz del Sur. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



M ENOCAL 


3 


Here he soon found himself in the thick 
of revolutionary activities and when in 
1895 the War of Independence broke out 
he joined the forces under General Maximo 
Gomez, continuing to serve in the field 
until the final victory following the inter- 
vention of the United States in 1808. 

As a soldier Menocal exhibited talent 
for military affairs, and definite aptitude 
for strategy. He served under three 
famous chieftains, Generals Maximo Go- 
mez, Mayia Rodriguez, and Calixto Gar- 
cia, all of whom recognized his ability, and 
he won distinction in the battles of Yerba 
de Guinea, La Piedra. La Aguada, and also 
in the capture of the Fort Loma de Hierro. 

In the capture of this fort he was men- 
tioned as performing "gallant feats of 
valor'' and given the rank of Colonel. 
Soon afterwards he took a very active part 
in the siege and capture of the town of 
Guaimaro in Camaguey for which he was 
made Brigadier General, but it was the 
battle of Victoria de las Tunas that marked 
the climax of his martial career. Here his 
engineering training stood' him in good 




AND MONOGRAPHS I 



4 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




stead. He made such skillful disposition 
of men and guns that competent witnesses 
have said that the conduct of this battle 
stands out in the entire record of the Re- 
volution as the one combat in which the 
Cuban forces were disposed and directed 
in accordance with the principles of mili- 
tary science. Not only did General Meno- 
cal direct the operations in pursuance of a 
well-considered plan but he is said to have 
led his soldiers in the assault with intrepid 
courage. Victoria de las Tunas was the 
crowning achievement of his military 
career and gave him the rank of General 
in the Cuban Army, but when war was 
declared by the United States on Spain, 
Menocal was appointed Commander of the 
5th Army Corps, comprising the Provinces 
of Havana and Matanzas, where it was ex- 
pected that American action would be more 
concentrated. This appointment carried 
his promotion to the rank of Major General. 

On the return of peace General Ludlow 
of the American Army of Intervention 
made General Menocal Chief of Police of 
Havana and in the same year he was ap- 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



MENOCAL 


5 


pointed to organize the Lighthouse Ser- 
vice, a post which he held for a short time, 
but gave up to undertake an engineering 
commission of considerable importance and 
extent, namely, constructing for the Cuban 
American Sugar Company the factory at 
Chaparra, then said to be the largest sugar 
factory in the world. This task General 
Menocal fulfilled with credit and distinction. 

Meantime the growth of his reputation 
had brought him within the field of politics. 
In 1908 he was nominated for the Presi- 
dency by the Conservative party but failed 
of election; in 191 2 he was again a candi- 
date and was elected President of the Re- 
public on the ticket of the same party. 
President MenocaFs first term was charac- 
terized by a constructive policy including 
the following practical proposals : 

(1) Administrative and financial re- 
forms. 

(2) Strengthening the relations with the 
United States. 

(3) Strict regulation of the Public 
Treasury, liquidation and adjustment of 
all outstanding indebtedness, and reor- 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



6 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




ganization of taxation, in order to equalize, 
as far as possible, its incidence. 

(4) Support of agriculture and develop- 
ment of immigration. 

(5) Reorganization of the Army and 
Navy, in order to obtain efficiency. 

Again in 19 16 he received the nomination 
and was declared reelected, but after a 
contest so close and so much disputed 
that the unsuccessful party fomented an 
armed uprising which for a time threatened 
to overturn the government and was only 
subdued after bloodshed and some de- 
struction of property. During General 
Menocal's presidency the European War 
presented many problems of the utmost 
difficulty, some of which were solved and 
the quality of President Menocal's states- 
manship shown, when, following the ex- 
ample of the United States, Cuba espoused 
the cause of the Allies and declared a state 
of war with Germany within twenty-four 
hours after the United States had done so. 

In 19 18 President Menocal was elected 
an Honorary Associate of the Hispanic 
Society of America. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



Rafael Montoro 



M ONTO.RO 


• 7 


RAFAEL M0NTOR0 

Orator; publicist; diplo- 
mat; Secretary of the 
Presidency of Cuba. 

Rafael Montoro was born in the city 
of Havana on the twenty-fourth of October, 
1852, scion or an old family, whose ample 
means and close affiliations with Spain 
enabled him to pursue most of his studies in 
Madrid. -There at the age of fifteen he began 
to study law, literature, and philosophy. 

He began his literary career as editorial- 
ist and contributor to the Rev is t a Euro pea 
and other publications including the Re- 
vista Contemporanea of which he was 
Chief Editor, taking an active part in the 
proceedings of the Atheneum of Madrid, 
having been elected Vice-president of its 
Political and Moral Sciences Section in 
1877; also Second Secretary of the As- 
sociation of Spanish Writers and Artists. 




AND HOLOGRAPHS 


I 



8 


CUBANS OF TO-DA Y 




He returned to Cuba in 1878 just 
prior to the termination of the Ten Years' 
War, which ended with the Peace of 
Zanjon. 

Shortly after his arrival he joined a 
party of friends in founding El Triunfo of 
which he became one of the editors ; he also 
joined the Liberal Autonomist party, 
devoted to the cause of Cuban autonomy. 
The following year he was chosen as mem- 
ber of the Central Committee of the party, 
and likewise elected Deputy to the Spanish 
Cortes representing the Province of Havana. 
To this difficult post for which his senti- 
mental regard for Spain and his familiarity 
with Cuban affairs particularly fitted him, 
Dr. Montoro was twice afterwards elected, 
in 1886 and again in 1893 to represent the 
Province of Puerto Principe. 

From 1883 he practiced his profession as 
a lawyer, having appeared in that capacity 
before all the Courts. 

A firm believer in political agitation and 
discussion, a partisan of evolution rather 
than revolution, Dr. Montoro took no part 
in the bloody struggle of 1895-98. He had 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



M 0 N T 0 R 0 


9 


remained in Spain until 1895, laboring to 
bring about autonomy for Cuba rather 
than final separation. When in 1897 in the 
midst of the final struggle for independence 
Spain granted autonomy and a new govern- 
ment was formed, Dr. Montoro accepted 
the post of Secretary of the Treasury. 
The solution came too late ; the new govern- 
ment found no support and was lost in the 
intervention of the United States in 1898. 
Thereupon Dr. Montoro retired from 
public office and also declined to continue 
filling the position of Professor of Philo- 
sophy and History of Philosophy, to which 
he had been appointed in the University of 
Havana and withdrew to complete ob- 
scurity. Notwithstanding, in 1902 he was 
appointed a member of the Tariff Com- 
mission, under the Presidency of the now 
General, Tasker H. Bliss. During the same 
year, 1902, his talents and character were 
again requisitioned for the public service 
and he was appointed Envoy Extraordi- 
nary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Eng- 
land, to which office was added in 1904 that 
of Minister to Germany, and he held both 




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10 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 


• 


posts, residing alternately in London and 
in Berlin. 

In 1906 he was appointed Delegate to 
the Pan-American Conference at Rio 
Janeiro. The following year he took part 
in the reorganization of the National Con- 
servative party and was its first candidate 
for the Vice-presidency in 1908. Not- 
withstanding his defeat in the elections he 
resumed his position as Minister to London 
and Berlin, at the request of the new 
government, and remained in that position 
until 19 10, when he was again elected to 
represent Cuba at the Pan-American Con- 
ference at Buenos Aires. On the success of 
his party in the elections of 191 2 he was 
made Secretary of the Presidency, which 
position he still holds. 

The place which Dr. Montoro has held 
in the esteem and admiration of his fellow 
countrymen, has been due in great meas- 
ure to that gift of oratory which is so 
brilliant a part of the Spanish heritage and 
which he was enabled to cultivate to so 
much advantage as member of the Cortes 
of Spain. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



MONTORO 


11 


Dr. Montoro is a member and Director 
of the National Academy of Arts and 
Letters, a member of the Academy of 
History and various other literary corpora- 
tions. He was also appointed a member of 
the Advisory Law Commission in 1906 by 
Governor A lagoon. 

Dr. Montoro's publications include: 
Disc ur sos politic os y parlamentarios, infor- 
mes y desertaciones, Philadelphia, 1894; 
Principios de Moral e Instruction Civica, 
Habana, 1903: Nociones de Instruction 
Moral y Civica, Habana, 1908. 




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I 



BENARD 


13 


ALFREDO GONZALEZ BENARD 
Lawyer; public man. 

Alfredo Gonzales Bexard was born 
on the twenty-sixth of October, 1 8 7 1 , in the 
city of Santiago de Cuba and received his 
early education in his native city. His more 
advanced studies he pursued in the Uni- 
versity of Havana which he entered in 
1888 and in which he obtained the degree 
of Licentiate in Law in 1893 and in 1897 
that of Doctor of Laws. 

Dr. Benard took up his residence in 
Cardenas and entered upon the practice of 
his profession, becoming in due course 
Member of the Board of Education, Mem- 
ber of the Board of Patrons of the " Santa 
Isabel" Hospital, and legal representative 
of his party. 

In November, 1910, he was elected Rep- 
resentative in Congress for Matanzas, re- 




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H 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




maining in office until April, 191 5, where he 
served as Vice Chairman and later Chair- 
man of the Committee on Municipal and 
Provincial Affairs and Vice Chairman of 
the Committee on Foreign Relations. In 
191 7 he returned to Congress to represent 
the same district. He is an active and 
strenuous member of the Conservative 
party. 

Dr. Benard has contributed occasional 
articles to various professional magazines 
and published in the Revista del Foro his 
doctor's thesis : Principios fundamentales de 
Derecho International Privados consignados 
en nuestro Codigo Civil. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



PARDO SUAREZ 


15 


VICENTE PARDO SUAREZ 

Editor; official. 

Vicente Pardo Suarez was born on the 
twenty-fifth of December, 1870, in the city 
of Havana where he obtained his early 
education and completed the courses for 
the Bachelor's degree in the Colegio of San 
Francisco de Paula. At the age of fifteen 
he began to write in the Republican news- 
paper La Libertad which was published in 
Havana by Don Niceto Sola y Freixas. 
He wrote much also for the theater. In 
1888 he founded La Republica, a news- 
paper in which he vigorously opposed the 
colonial administration and the unjust 
course of the Spanish authorities toward 
the legitimate aspirations of the Cubans; 
in consequence of which he underwent 
much persecution and many interruptions 
of his paper. In 1895, after the begin- 




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i6 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




ning of the war of Independence, General 
Valeriano Weyler suppressed the paper on 
the ground that its title and ideals were 
incompatible with the tranquillity of the 
country and the sovereignty of Spain, sub- 
sequently deporting its editor to Spain 
where he was imprisoned in the castle of 
Monjuitch in Barcelona and afterwards in 
the prisons of Santander and Bilboa until 
the thirteenth of August, 1898, the day after 
the Peace Protocol between Spain and the 
United States was signed in Washington. 

On his return to Cuba and on the organiza- 
tion of the first Board of Aldermen of Ha- 
vana, Pardo Suarez was appointed, jointly 
with Colonel Saturnino Lastra, to a position 
of trust in the Administration of the Munici- 
pal taxes. When those who had suffered 
imprisonment, penalties, and deportation 
formed an association for patriotic pur- 
poses, he was elected Secretary; he also 
became an honorary Member of the Pa- 
triotic Committee of Havana of which Don 
Salvador Cisneros Betancourt, who had 
been President of the Republic in arms, was 
Chairman. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



PARD 0 SUAREZ 


17 


When the Republic was constituted in 
1902, Pardo Suarez was appointed Editor 
of the daily record of the House of Repre- 
sentatives (Diario de sesiones) a post which 
he resigned in 1904 on his election as Chief 
Clerk of the House. He has traveled 
widely, visiting the Parliaments of Wash- 
ington, Toronto, Madrid, Paris, and Rome 
to study their methods of administration 
and to adopt such as seemed suitable and 
^advantageous to the Cuban House. 

By the law of the seventeenth of August, 
i9i2,hewas made Secretary of the Com- 
mittee of the Cuban Congress to attend the 
Centenary of the Constitution of Cadiz, 
Spain, and in the same year he was elected 
a corresponding member of the Royal 
Hispano-American Academy of Arts and 
Sciences of Cadiz. 

He was Secretary of the Anti-Germanic 
League, founded in Havana to lend aid to 
the Allies and to conduct propaganda in 
opposition to the German pretensions. 

He has issued eight volumes of Records 
of the House of Representatives and three 
volumes of the Legislative Index ; he is the 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




author of Prdcticas P arlament arias (tres 
tomos publicados y el cuarto en prensa) , and 
oiLadrones de Fierras, Havana, 1 918, a book 
on the war which has been widely used in 
both continents in propaganda. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



CORTINA 


19 


JOSE MANUEL CORTINA 

Lawyer; legislator. 

Jose Manuel Cortixa y Garcia was 
born on the third of February, 1880, in San 
Diego de Nunez, Province of Pinar del 
Rio. He was educated in Havana, com- 
pleting the courses for the Bachelor's 
degree in the Jesuits! Colegio of Belen and 
obtaining his degree of Doctor of Laws at 
the University in 1903. 

While he was an undergraduate he was 
elected President of the Federation of Uni- 
versity Students, organized at the close 
of the Spanish sovereignty, and then gave 
signs of promise as an orator in the speech 
he made in salutation to General Maximo 
Gomez when he entered Havana at the 
head of the Army of Liberation in 1899. 
He was still a student when he took an 
important part in the organization of the 




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20 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




National Cuban Party, which had for one 
of its chief aims to put an end to the Ameri- 
can Intervention which followed upon the 
withdrawal of Spain in 1899. 

Dr. Cortina has been active in journal- 
ism. For two years he edited the news- 
paper Demo cr acta and was at one time or 
another a member of the staffs of El Mundo, 
La Lucha, and La Revista de derecho, besides 
being a contributor to La Nacion and other 
papers. 

After the " Revolution of August" 
(1906) which overthrew President Estrada 
Palma, a division arose among the Liberals 
who had made the revolution and Dr. Cor- 
tina was chosen to bring about a reconcilia- 
tion. His negotiations were successful and 
resulted in the Liberal party coming into 
power with the election of General Jose 
Miguel Gomez as President. Again at a 
later time when a fresh division occurred be- 
tween the two wings of the party, under the 
leadership of Dr. Alfredo Zayas and General 
Gomez respectively, Dr. Cortina once more 
acted as mediator and the party presented 
a united front in the elections of 1916. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



CORTINA 


21 


He was elected Representative for Ha- 
vana in 1908 and reelected in 19 13 and 
1 9 1 7 . He has been the leader of the Liber- 
als in the House and has been influential 
in legislation. He is the author of the 
Workmen's Accident Law now in force, 
and of Bills to regulate strikes, to establish 
a Court of Arbitration for labor disputes, 
to make compulsory the provision of 
hygienic dwellings for rural workers, to 
provide secretaries for the House of Repre- 
sentatives, etc., etc. He is Chairman of 
the Committee on Public Works. 

Among the public offices with which 
Dr. Cortina has been honored are : Counsel 
to the Secretary of Public Instruction, and 
to the Board of Aldermen of Havana; 
member of the Board of Inspectors of the 
University, and member of the Special 
Committee of Congress to revise all the 
legislation in accord with the economic and 
social changes brought about by the World 
War. 




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I 



FIGUEREDO 


23 


FERNANDO FIGUEREDO Y 
SOCARRAS 

Soldier; engineer; official. 

Fernando Figueredo y Socarras was 
born in Camagiiey in the year 1847 and 
received his early education in Bayamo at 
the excellent training school u San Jose" 
then under the direction of Don Jose Maria 
Izaguirre. At the age of fifteen he passed 
on to Havana where he entered the pre- 
paratory school for special careers main- 
tained by Colonel Eduardo Martin Perez. 
In 1863, he proceeded to the United States 
and attended the Charlier French Institute. 
This was for a brief period, however, and 
in 1864 he entered the School of Engineers 
of Troy, New York, where he completed 
the course in Civil Engineering. Then he 
returned to Cuba to join the revolutionary 
forces organized by Carlos Manuel de 




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24 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Cespedes after the call to arms (grito) of 
Yara and the capture of Bayamo on the 
eighteenth of October, 1868, which began 
the Ten Years' War. Figueredo fought 
throughout the war, serving as soldier, 
engineer, legislator, Chief of Staff, chief 
of the revolutionary forces, and ended the 
conflict as member of the Revolutionary 
Government, being one of those who pro- 
tested against signing the pact of peace of 
Zanjon. During this historic period he 
fought side by side with Maceo, and it was 
not until the end of May, 1878, that they 
gave up fighting, and Figueredo left Cuba 
with his wife and child. 

He went first to Santo Domingo and 
later to Florida where he held several offices 
of trust under the American Government, 
including Member of the Legislature of 
Florida, Superintendent of Schools, and 
Mayor of West Tampa. Throughout this 
period he never ceased to serve the cause 
of Cuba by every means in his power and 
when the Revolution of 1895 broke out he 
was appointed by Delegate Jose Marti 
head of the movement for that district, and 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



FIGUEREDO 


25 


it is said that the group which lent the 
most valuable services to the cause was 
that under his direction. 

After twenty years of exile he returned 
to Cuba in 1898 when the American flag 
was floating over the Island and soon 
afterwards was appointed by the American 
authorities Second Customs Officer at 
Cienfuegos. Later, in 1900, he came to 
Havana to take the post of Sub-Secretary 
of State — a position which he occupied 
until the twentieth of May, 1902, when 
President Tomas Estrada Palma appointed 
him Director General of Communications. 

In 1906, he was made Interventor of 
State and in 1908, on the death of General 
Roloff, he was appointed by Mr. Magoon 
(American Governor during Intervention) 
to succeed him as Treasurer General of the 
Republic — an office which he still holds. 




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I 



HERNANDEZ 


27 


CHARLES HERNANDEZ 

Soldier; official, 

Charles Hernandez y Sandrino was 
born on the sixth of May, 1867, in Pinar del 
Rio and spent his youth partly in Cuba, 
partly in Santo Domingo, and partly in the 
United States where he obtained his educa- 
tion. Here also he gained his first military 
training, in the Massachusetts National 
Guard which he joined in 1887. Later he 
went to Florida where he studied agricul- 
ture in general and especially tobacco 
culture. 

Hernandez enjoyed the confidence of 
Jose Marti, "the apostle of Cuban free- 
dom," who commissioned him in 1894 to 
make preparations for the Revolution. 
He brought to Cuba the first orders of 
General Maximo Gomez, calling upon all 
the leaders of 1868-78 (the Ten Years' 




HISPANIC NOTES 


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28 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




War) to place themselves at the command 
of Hernandez and Marti for the rising of 
the twenty-fourth of February, 1895. At 
the outbreak of the war he was the first to 
leave the coast of Florida in command of an 
expedition with arms and supplies. Three 
months later he returned with another ex- 
pedition, running all manner of risks and 
disembarking under the fire of the Spanish 
guard in the harbor of Varadero de Cardenas. 

His knowledge of the topography, ge- 
ology, and botany of the country served 
him in good stead and was of great value 
to the army. He placed the mines in the 
River Cauto, entrance to the Bay of Puerto 
Padre, and in various other places of special 
peril and observed, hidden along the shore, 
the Spanish gun-boats escorting troops and 
supplies. 

He won the rank of Major by gallantry 
in the face of the enemy in the attack of 
Guaimaro and that of Lieutenant Colonel 
in the famous battle of Jiguam, and General 
Funston said of him that he was one of the 
bravest and most skillful of the Cuban 
officers. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



HERNANDEZ 


29 


Early in May, 1898, he was commis- 
sioned by General Calixto Garcia to accom- 
pany Lieutenant Colonel Andrew Rown 
of the American Army to Washington and 
to set forth to the Secretary of War the 
situation of the Cuban Army in the eastern 
end of the island; after which he returned, 
at the request of General Garcia, to assist 
in taking the city of Santiago de Cuba. 
At the siege of this city he won the rank 
of Colonel. 

At the close of the war he turned enthu- 
siastically to the task of organizing the 
Republic, laboring first in developing the 
national police, and later in the postal 
service where he continues to serve as 
Director General of Communications. 




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I 



VALDES ANCIANO 


3i 


JOSE A. VALDES ANCIANO 

Physician; teacher. 

Jose A. Valdes Anciano was born on 
the twenty-first of March, 1869, in the 
city of Matanzas and there obtained his 
early education, completing the courses for 
the Bachelor's degree. Thereafter he en- 
tered the University of Havana where he 
devoted himself to the study of Medicine 
and gained the degree of Licentiate and 
later that of Doctor. 

He entered upon the practice of his pro- 
fession in Havana and in 1906 obtained 
by competitive examination the Chair of 
Nervous and Mental Ailments in the School 
of Medicine in the University. 

He has filled various positions related to 
his profession and has contributed articles, 
dealing with medical subjects, to various 
reviews and journals, Cuban and foreign. 




HISPANIC NOTES 


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32 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




He is a Member of the Academy of 
Sciences, and of the Society for Clinical 
Studies of Havana; Corresponding Mem- 
ber of the Philadelphia Neurological So- 
ciety; Honorary Member of the Society 
of Mental Medicine of Belgium; Foreign 
Associate Member of the Clinical Society 
of Mental Medicine of Paris; Correspond- 
ing Member of the Medical Psychology 
Society of Paris, etc. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



PINO 


33 


GUSTAVO PINO 
Lawyer; magistrate; legislator. 

Gustavo Pino was born in Havana on 
the twenty-fifth of June, 1877. After 
completing the courses required for the 
Bachelor's degree in the Colegio of Belen 
he went to New York to continue his 
studies at Fordham University, but re- 
turned to Cuba to fulfill the requirements 
of the legal profession in the University of 
Havana where he obtained the degree of 
the Doctor of Laws in 1898. 

In 1902, he was appointed Judge of the 
primary Court of Cienfuegos; in 1904 he 
was transferred to a corresponding post at 
Cardenas; in 1906, he was made Assistant 
Prosecuting Attorney of the lower courts 
of Matanzas, and in 1908 Counsel to the 
Prosecuting Attorney of the lower courts 
of Havana. 




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34 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




In the latter year Dr. Pino gave up the 
judicial career to enter politics and was 
elected on the Conservative ticket Member 
of the City Council (Ayuntamiento) of 
Havana. Two years later he was elected 
Representative for the Province of Havana 
and reelected in 19 14 and 19 18. In the 
Chamber he has been a member of the 
important Committees of Public Instruc- 
tion and of Municipal and Provincial 
Affairs. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



TAMAYO 


35 


DIEGO TAMAYO Y FIGUEREDO 

Soldier; physician; teacher. 

Diego Tamayo y Figueredo was born 
in Bayamo on the twelfth of October, 1853, 
and was educated in the Colegio of Belen 
in Havana where he obtained the Bachelor's 
degree in 1868. A few months later the 
Ten Years' War broke out and Tamayo 
was one of those who joined the Cuban 
colors at Demajagua on the tenth of Octo- 
ber of that year, being then fifteen years 
old, the youngest in the ranks. He took an 
active part in the war, being on the Staff of 
General Carlos M. de Cespedes until 1872, 
when, incapacitated by malaria, he was 
taken prisoner and expatriated. 

Transported to Spain he there entered 
the University of Barcelona and obtained 
the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1878. 
Soon after this the Peace of Zanjon was 




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36 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




signed and he returned to Cuba to enter 
upon his profession, which he practiced, 
first at Manzanillo and later at Havana 
where he set up an academy to prepare 
medical students for their examinations. 

On the outbreak of the Revolutionary 
War in 1895 he took part in the propaganda 
and expeditionary activities carried on 
from New York where he was President 
of the Revolutionary Council. He was 
also Vice-president of the Assembly of 
Santa Cruz and member of the Constitu- 
ent Assembly. Under the American Inter- 
vention he was Secretary of Gobernacioi 
and held the same office under President 
Estrada Palma. In 1905, he was elected 
Senator for the Province of Havana. He 
has been deeply engaged in politics, first 
in the Autonomist party, in which he was 
a member of the Central Committee until 
1895; then in the National party of which 
he was one of the founders, and later in the 
Conservative party which he aided in 
founding. 

His professional activities have been 
numerous and varied. He was the Presi- 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



T A M A Y 0 



3 1 



dent of the first Medical Congress of the 
Island of Cuba in iSqo: joint founder with 
Dr. Juan Santos Fernandez of the first 
bacteriological laboratory in Cuba; he was 
the first to teach Bacteriology in Cuba and 
in union with Dr. Vildosola to use the 
Pasteur treatment. For a number of 
years he has been Editorial Secretary of the 
Cronica Medico Quirurgica of Havana and 
is the publisher of Vide Nueva, a magazine 
of Hygiene and Social Science. He is also 
the founder and director of the "Tamayo 
Dispensary" which is a school for special- 
ists. He has held office as Secretary of the 
Municipal Board of Health and Secretary 
pro tern of the General Board of Health. 

He is President of all the Medical Cor- 
porations and has been four times President 
of the Mutual Aid Society of the Physi- 
cians of Cuba. He is also President of the 
Xational Health Commission. Professor 
of Medical Pathology, and Dean of the 
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy in the 
University. 

He was Delegate from Cuba to the Anti- 
tuberculosis Congress held in Washington 



A X D MONOGRAPHS 



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38 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




in 1908, as well as to that held in Barce- 
lona in 1 9 1 0 of which he was Vice-president ; 
he was President and founder of the Cuban 
Red Cross; he is a member of the Sociedad 
Economica de Amigos del Pais. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



M ART IN E Z 


39 


EMILIO MARTINEZ 

Physician ; laryngologist. 

Emilio Martinez was born in Havana 
on the thirteenth of April, 1864. His 
father, a political refugee, went to Balti- 
more during the Ten Years' War and for 
this reason he took his preliminary educa- 
tion at the public schools of that city; after 
the war he returned to his native city and 
entered the University of Havana where 
he graduated as Doctor in Medicine in 
1888. From 1889 to 1890 he was engaged 
by General (then Major) George M. Stern- 
berg as laboratory assistant of his com- 
mission for the investigation of yellow 
fever, finishing this work in the Labora- 
tories of the Johns Hopkins University, 
Baltimore. This visit to Johns Hopkins, 
where he studied pathology and laryngol- 
ogy (post-graduate course) determined his 




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40 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




future career as laryngologist and sani- 
tarian. 

As a laryngologist he established his 
practice in Havana and organized the 
Throat department in the Tamayo Dis- 
pensary and La Policlinica. He cultivated 
this specialty thoroughly in various visits 
to the New York Polyclinic and the Post- 
graduate School, New York, and later on in 
Vienna, at the Poliklinic Generate. His 
experience of six years as general surgeon 
to the Havana emergency stations (Casas 
de Socorro) helped him greatly in the 
specialty. In 1906 he was appointed, by 
competition, Professor of Clinical Micro- 
scopy in the University of Havana, a chair 
which he resigned later to occupy that of 
Laryngologist . He is at present Senior Pro- 
fessor of Laryngology, Rhinology, and Otol- 
ogy in the University and is also in charge 
of this Department at the General Calixto 
Garcia Hospital. He is a Member of the 
American Laryngological,Rhinological, and 
Otological Society ; and passed the examina- 
tions at the University of New York admit- 
ting him to practice medicine in that State. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



MARTINEZ 


4i 


As a sanitarian Dr. Martinez was ap- 
pointed a Member of the Commission for 
Infectious Diseases by President Palma 
and is now President of this Commission 
and ex-officio a Member of the National 
Board of Health and Charities. He at- 
tended the Pan-American Medical Con- 
gress at Panama, being sent by President 
Palma, at the request of General Gorgas. 
to expound to the medical men of Panama 
in their own language the new methods 
employed in the sanitation of Cuba. One 
of the principal works of Dr. Martinez 
was the active part he took trying to con- 
tinue the work of the Intervention Govern- 
ment in the Department of Charities. 
Being a member of the National Board of 
Charities and Correction he attended, with 
other Directors of Hospitals of Cuba, the 
28th National Conference of Charities 
and Correction at Washington and learned 
there the modern principles of Charities 
and Correction with Mr. Homer Folks 
and Mr. Devine. On his return to Havana 
he organized Las Conferencias Nacionales de 
Beneficencia y Correction with such success 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




that they were held regularly for seven 
years in different cities of Cuba. The 
purpose of these Conferences was to de- 
velop modern charities under the control 
of the people. The political machine 
gradually invaded this Department of 
Charities and made useless all future work 
in this line. 

Dr. Martinez has taken an active part 
in the medical press. He has been Co- 
editor of La Revista de Ciencias Medicas, of 
Los Archivos de la Policlinica, of La Revista 
de Medicina Tropical, and has published 
over one hundred articles on Laryngology 
and Sanitary matters. He is the author of 
Manual de Microscopia y Qutmica Clinica 
and an active member of La Sociedad de 
Estudios CUnicos. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 




Evilio R. Lendita 



LENDIAN 


43 


EVELIO RODRIGUEZ LENDIAN 
Scholar; teacher; author. 

E velio Rodriguez Lendian was born 
on the eighteenth of November, i860, in 
Guanabacoa and there obtained his early 
education. He was enabled to pursue his 
studies and obtain the Bachelor's degree 
by means of a scholarship which carried the 
condition that he should obtain the highest 
rank in his classes. By fulfilling a similar 
condition he was able to continue his course 
into the University where in 1883 he gained 
the degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and 
Letters, winning at the same time the prize 
for distinction. 

The same year he was appointed Auxil- 
iary Professor in the Institute of Matanzas. 
In 1884 he obtained the degree of Licen- 
tiate in Civil and Canon Law, once more 
winning the prize for special distinction. 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




In this year also he gained the degree of 
Doctor of Philosophy and Letters and was 
appointed Auxiliary Professor in the Uni- 
versity of which he served as Secretary for 
a time. 

In 1889 he went as a member of a Com- 
mission of professors to examine the stu- 
dents of the College El Ateneo of Porto 
Rico. In 1893 he won in competitive 
examination the chair of Universal History 
and in 1898 he was elected Dean of the 
Faculty of Philosophy and Letters. He 
formed part of the Commission appointed 
in 1899 for the reform and reorganization 
of the University Professorships. 

When General Weyler became Governor 
General, Professor Lendian found himself 
obliged, on account of his opinions, to leave 
Cuba and cooperated with the Revolu- 
tionary Committee in New York in active 
propaganda against the Spanish regime. 
At the close of the war he joined the Patri- 
otic Committee which was organized in 
Havana, contributed to the formation of 
the first political party — the National 
party — and drew up the Manifesto which 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



LENDIAN 


45 


the party addressed to the country in 
1899. 

In 1 9 10 he went to Mexico as one of the 
Envoys Extraordinary to attend the Cen- 
tenary of Mexican independence and to 
bear the greetings of the University of 
Havana to the University of Mexico. Dr. 
Lendian has served as Magistrate of the 
Provincial Courts of Havana, Secretary of 
the College of Advocates, Director of the 
Society of Conferences, President of the 
Association of Doctors in Philosophy and 
Letters, Dean of the Faculty of Letters and 
Sciences, Editor of the Magazine published 
by the Faculty, Member of the Sociedad 
Economica, Member of the Anthropological 
Society and temporary Rector of the 
University. 

He is professor of the History of America 
and of Modern History for the rest of the 
world; Honorary President of the Society 
Teatro Citbano; President of the Ateneo 
of Havana and also of the Academy of 
History; Member of the Cuban Society of 
International Law and Charter Member 
of the Cuban Red Cross. 




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4 6 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




He is the author of: Consider aciones 
generates sobre la poesta epica. 1 A que 
causa es debida la no existencia en Espana 
de un verdadero poema epico? (Tesis para le 
Doctorado en Filosofia y Letras, Habana, 
1884); La Independencia absoluta como el 
ideal cubano (Discurso leido en la aper- 
tura del curso academico de 1899 a 1900 en 
la Universidad, Habana, 1899); Considera- 
ciones generates sobre Rusia a proposito 
de su guerra con el Japon (Conferencia, 
Habana, 1905); Jose Manuel Mestre 
(Discurso leido con motivo de la colocacion 
de su retrato en la Universidad, Habana, 
1 901); Los Estados Unidos, Cuba, y el 
Canal de Panama (Conferencia, Habana, 
1909); El Congreso de Panama y la Inde- 
pendencia de Cuba (Conferencia, Ha- 
bana, 191 1); Discurso con motivo de la 
visita del Dr. Rafael Altamira (Habana, 
I912); Transformacion politica de Rusia 
(Discurso, Habana, 19 13) ; La Isla de Pinos 
segun el tratado de Paris (Conferencia, 
Habana, 1913); La expulsion de los di- 
putados cubanos del Parlamento Espafwl en 
1837 (Conferencia, Habana, 1914); Jose 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



LENDIAN 


47 


Antonio Saco (Conferencia, Habana, 
1914); Elogio del Dr. Ramon Meza y 
Sudrez Inclan (Discurso leido en la 
Academia de la Historia, Habana, 191 5); 
La Inter pretaci on de la Enmienda Piatt 
(Discurso pronunciado en el congreso de 
Derecho Internacional, Habana, 191 7). 




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9 



PL A SEN CIA 


49 


LEONEL PLASENCIA 

Physician. 

Leonel Plasencia y Montes was born 
in Madruga, Province of Havana, in the 
year 1877. His early studies were taken 
at the church school at Guanabacoa. 
Later he went abroad and studied at the 
Central University of Madrid, whence he 
returned to continue his studies at the 
University of Havana and there obtained 
the degree of Doctor in Medicine and 
Surgery. 

He has served as Honorary Physician 
of the Hospital of Our Lady of Mercy and 
in 1906 became Ancillary Professor of the 
School of Medicine in the University. He 
is a member of the Academy of Sciences 
and Director of the Clinical Laboratory 
which bears his name. 

Besides numerous monographs of a 




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50 


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scientific character he is the author of a 
work entitled: Ensayo etiologico de la 
Tuberculosis en la Habana (Habana, 1897), 
and Trabajos de Laboratorio y su utilidad 
CHnica. 


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F I G U E R 0 A 


5i 


LEOPOLDO FIGUEROA Y MARTI 
Physician; public man. 

Leopoldo Figueroa y Marti was born 
on the ninth of October, 1858, in Santa 
Isabel de las Lajas, Province of Santa 
Clara. He was educated in Spain whither 
his father had been deported for political 
reasons and where, after completing the 
courses leading to the Bachelor's degree, 
he pursued the studies in the Faculty of 
Medicine for the degree of Doctor in Phar- 
macy which was granted him in 1881. He 
then returned to Cuba and established him- 
self first in Cardenas and later at Cienf uegos . 

Early in 1896 he joined the Revolution, 
taking part in the expedition of Colonel 
Arteaga and thereafter serving until the 
end of the war under the command of 
General Jose Miguel Gomez where he rose 
to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. During 




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the First American Intervention General 
Wood appointed Figueroa Alcalde of Cien- 
fuegos, an appointment which was ratified 
by the public in the first elections held under 
the Republic and by his reelection in 1908. 
In November of the same year he was 
elected Senator for the Province of Santa 
Clara to which office he has been reelected 
and which he now holds. He has served 
on the following Committees of the Senate : 
Health and Charities; Tariff; Local Gov- 
ernment, and Public Works of which last 
he is the Chairman. Among the principal 
laws proposed by Senator Figueroa are: 
An Act to regulate the practice of Phar- 
macy ; An Act to remit the payment by the 
city of Cienfuegos of a million pesos besides 
the two fifths from which it was released 
by Decree No. 813 of Governor Magoon 
for the Aqueduct of Cienfuegos; An Act 
revising the studies of the Faculty of 
Pharmacy and of the School of Agronomi- 
cal Engineers. 

Senator Figueroa is a member of the 
Liberal party and President of the party 
in the Province of Las Villas. 


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V I L L 0 L D 0 


53 


JULIO VILLOLDO 

Author; editor. 

Julio Villoldo y Bertran was born in 
Havana on the eleventh of October, 1881, 
and obtained his early education partly in 
Cuba, and partly in the United States 
where he spent a portion of his youth. On 
returning to Cuba he entered the Univer- 
sity of Havana to pursue the career of the 
law and won the degree of Doctor of Civil 
Law in 1907. But the call of journalism 
was stronger than that of the law and he 
devoted himself to writing. He became 
one of the editors of La Discusion, in which 
he established and, with the collaboration 
of associates, maintained for several years 
a special section called Ornato Publico 
dedicated to the embellishment and adorn- 
ment of the city. 

In 191 2 he was made a member of the 




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National Academy of Arts and Letters; he 
has occupied the post of Secretary as also 
that of Librarian of the Ateneo of Havana, 
as well as of the Academy. 

Dr. Villoldo is a frequent contributor to 
the review Cuba Contempordnea, of which 
he is one of the founders and in which he 
has written many articles on national 
affairs . He is also Vice-president of the 
publishing company which bears the same 
name, and he is President of the Civic 
Association of Cuba. 

Among the articles which Dr. Villoldo 
has published in Cuba Contempordnea are: 
Necesidad de Colegios Cubanos, La in- 
violabilidad y la inmunidad parlament arias 
al traves de las constilu clones espanolas; 
and Rusia y la democracia. 


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VEL ASCO 


55 


CARLOS DE VELASCO Y PEREZ 
Author; editor. 

Carlos deVelasco y Perez was born on 
the fourteenth of August, 1884, in the city 
of Santa Clara and there, in the Colegio of 
" Santa Ana/' he received his early instruc- 
tion, but in 1900 his family removed to 
Havana where he completed his formal 
education in the Institute. At an early 
age he became associated with public men 
and affairs; first, while he was still a boy, 
with President Estrada Palma, and later 
with President Menocal, in both of whose 
administrations he served as Private Secre- 
tary to the Secretary of Gobernacion with 
the title of Chief of Administration. 

Having chosen literature as his field of 
work, he became one of the founders and 
first editors of the newspaper La Prensa, 
later a member of the staff of La Discusion, 




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iqiq, he has published in pamphlet form 
a translation from the French entitled: 
La "Resolution" de su Santidad el Papa 
Benedicto. 


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I G L E S I A 


59 


ALVARO DE LA IGLESIA Y SANTOS 
Journalist; author. 

Alvaro de la Iglesia y Santos was 
born in la Coruna, Spain, on the fifth of 
April, 1859, and came to Cuba in 1874, 
where for thirty-eight years he has lived 
the life of an active journalist, having served 
as editor or contributor on all the leading 
papers in Havana. 

He founded El Mundo, one of the most 
influential of Cuban newspapers, and is the 
dean of its editorial staff : he is also one of 
the editors of La Discusion on which he has 
served since before the War of Indepen- 
dence. He was editor-in-chief of La Epoca 
of Havana and of La Region of Matanzas. 
He was also the founder of La Familia 
Cristiana of Havana which he published 
for two years. 

He has never held public office. 




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In addition to his innumerable contri- 
butions to magazines and the daily press, 
Iglesia is the author of : A doracidn. No vela 
original. Matanzas, 1894; Manuel Garcia, 
Biografia. Habana, 1897; LaAlondra. No- 
vela original. Habana, 1897 ; Cuba para los 
cubanos. Folleto politico. Habana, 1898; 
Amalia Batista 0 el ultimo danzon. Novela 
cubana. Habana, 1900; De Navidad. His- 
toria de un billete premiado. Habana, 1 900 ; 
Una boda sangrienta 6 el fantasma de San 
Lazaro. Novela cubana. Habana, 1900; Cu- 
entos, Habana, 1901; La Bruja de Atares 0 
los Bandidos de la Habana. Novela cubana. 
Habana, 1901; Episodios cubanos. I. Pepe 
Antonio (1762). Habana, 1903; Episodios 
cubanos. II. La factoriay la trata. Habana, 
1906; A Igo de Historia. Habana, 191 1 ; Tra- 
diciones cub anas. Habana, 191 1; Cuadros 
viejos. Segunda serie, de las *Tradiciones 
Cubanas. Habana, 191 5. 


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P I C H A R D 0 


61 


JOSE ANTONIO PICHARDO 

Jurist; magistrate. 

Jose Axtoxio Pichardo was born in 
Camagiiey in the year 1840 and pursued 
his studies in Havana where in 1863 he 
gained his degree in the law. Thereupon 
he returned to his native city and became 
Professor in the Institute there, meantime 
entering upon the practice of his profession 
which he pursued for over thirty years 
during which time he was three times 
elected Dean of the College of Advocates. 

Under the Spanish rule Dr. Pichardo 
was honored on two separate occasions by 
being made President of the Provincial 
Deputies, and at the end of his term of 
service was awarded the Grand Cross of 
Military Merit (la gran cruz del Merito 
M Hilar) with special distinction. Not- 
withstanding which, when the sovereignty 




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of Spain ceased in Cuba he was appointed 
Presiding Judge of the Provincial Courts 
of the Republic. 

Although he had taken no part in any 
of the revolutionary movements, the un- 
swerving rectitude and strict judicial in- 
tegrity of Dr. Pichardo were never ques- 
tioned by his countiymen who recognized 
his attainments by making him a member 
of the Supreme Court, in 1900, a year later 
selecting him as Presiding Judge of the 
Criminal Section, in 1904 Presiding Judge 
of the Civil Division, and in 19 13 Chief 
Justice of the Supreme Court. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 




Jorge C. Milanes Figueredo 



MILAN E S 


63 


JORGE C. MILANES 

Lawyer; public man. 

Jorge C. Milaxes y Figueredo was 
born in the year 1859 in the town of Ba- 
yamo and there began his education. In 
1868 his father took him to the revolution- 
ary camp and in 1 8 7 1 he was taken prisoner 
with all his family, except only his father, 
and obliged to leave Cuba. He went to 
Jamaica and later to Costa Rica where he 
completed his studies with the degree of 
Doctor of Laws granted by the University 
of St. Thomas. 

In 1 88 1 he returned to Santiago de 
Cuba and in the following year, having 
obtained the validation of his degree at the 
University of Havana, entered upon the 
practice of his profession, first at Santiago 
de Cuba and later at Manzanillo. 

When the War of Independence broke 




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out in 1895 he again withdrew to Costa 
Rica, of which he had become a citizen, 
and there for three years fulfilled the duties 
of the office of Prosecuting Attorney of the 
Provincial Court, meanwhile practicing his 
profession. In November, 1898, the war 
being over, he returned again to Santiago 
de Cuba, renounced his Costa Rican citi- 
zenship to secure that of a Cuban and 
was appointed Magistrate of the Provincial 
Court in that city. 

In January, 1900, he was transferred to 
Camaguey where he held the same office 
and later he fulfilled similar duties in Pinar 
del Rio and Santa Clara, finally being re- 
turned to Santiago de Cuba. In 1905 he 
was appointed Presiding Judge of the Pro- 
vincial Court of Santiago de Cuba. In 
March, 19 18, he was appointed Presiding 
Judge of the Civil Section of the Provincial 
Court of Havana in which post he con- 
tinues. 


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WEISS 


65 


MARCELINO WEISS 

Dentist; soldier; teacher. 

Marcelino Weiss was born in the 
ancient town of Sancti Spiritus on the 
ninth of June, 1877. After receiving his 
early education in his native place and ful- 
filling the requirements for the Bachelor's 
degree in the Institute of Santa Clara, he 
went on in 1892 to the University of Ha- 
vana where he won the degree of Doctor 
of Dental Surgery in the year 1895. 

On the outbreak of the war (1895) he 
emigrated to the United States, there 
placing himself under the command of 
General Emilio Nunez with whose forces 
he disembarked at Palo Alto. . Later he 
was enrolled under the flag of Jose Miguel 
Gomez where his brothers were fighting 
and served as Secretary of the Army 
Corps, with the rank of Lieutenant. 




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At the end of the war in 1898 he entered 
the lists and took the competitive examina- 
tions under which University Professor- 
ships are awarded, and thus gained the 
Chair of Pathology of the Mouth at an age 
which made him the youngest member of 
the faculty. 

Professor Weiss has been one of the men 
who have done most in Cuba for the prog- 
ress of Dental Surgery and for the dignity 
of the profession of Dentistry; he is the 
inventor of an appliance for aiding articula- 
tion which bears his name, and is one of the 
founders of the Dental Society of Cuba. 

In 1909 he was Delegate from Cuba to 
the Fifth International Dental Congress 
at Berlin and to the Fifth Spanish Dental 
Congress at Seville. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



Jose Angel Malberti y Delgado 



M A L B E R T I 


67 


JOSE A. MALBERTI 

Physician; patriot; alienist. 

Jose A. Malberti was born on the fourth 
of July, 1854, in Baracoa where he began 
his studies which he afterwards continued 
in Spain at the University of- Barcelona 
and there, in 1875, obtained the degree of 
Doctor of Medicine. After further studies 
in Paris, Dr. Malberti returned to Cuba 
and entered on the practice of his profession 
in his native town of Baracoa. There, 
however, he became involved in the re- 
volutionary movement of 1879 and was 
obliged to take refuge in an American 
schooner bound for New York. 

In 1880 he again returned to Cuba and 
settled in Havana where he was appointed 
physician to the Asylum for the Insane 
{Casa de Enaj enados) . Here he devoted 
all his time and energy to the study of 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




mental ailments and became a skillful 
alienist, rising step by step in the Asylum 
staff until he became Director, a position 
which he filled for sixteen years. 

He became involved again in the revolu- 
tionary movement — that of 1895 — and was 
forced to flee to Mexico where he continued 
the practice of medicine and became a 
member of the faculty of the University 
of Mexico, meantime conspiring actively 
and at much cost to himself against the 
Spanish rule by establishing political clubs 
which maintained a constant propaganda 
in support of Cuban liberty and of the 
Revolution as a means thereto. 

At the end of the war (1898) Malberti 
came back to Cuba to accept the post of 
President of the Board of Managers of the 
Hospital for the Insane. In 1902 he was 
elected Representative on the Liberal ticket 
and chosen Vice-president in two Con- 
gresses and President in one. During his 
period of service in the Legislature he was 
author of no fewer than eighteen bills affect- 
ing the public health and the organization 
of sanitary service. 


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MALBERTI 


69 


In 1906 Dr. Malberti founded a private 
hospital for mental ailments. He is editor 
of the Archivos de Medicina Mental and 
author of Tratamiento sugestivo de la locura, 
1896. 




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/ 



B ARALT, JR. 


7i 


LUIS A. BARALT, JR. 

Lawyer; teacher. 

Luis A. Baralt, Jr., was born on the 
twelfth of April, 1892, in New York, where 
he lived until 1900. At that time his 
parents established themselves in Havana, 
Cuba, and there he has resided ever since. 
His father (q.v.)is a distinguished educator, 
lecturer, and diplomat. His mother, 
Blanche Z. de Baralt (q.v.), is well known in 
Cuba and in the United States as a lecturer 
and writer. 

Dr. Baralt received his college education 
at the University of Havana, where he ob- 
tained the degrees of Doctor of Laws and 
Doctor of Philosophy and Letters. For his 
scholarship in the Faculty of Letters and 
Sciences, he was awarded the high dis- 
tinction of "alumno eminente de la Univer- 
sidad, " which honor he won in competition. 




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He was also awarded a traveling fellowship 
which allowed him to study at Harvard and 
Columbia Universities for two years. At 
Harvard he studied Experimental Psy- 
chology under Mimsterberg and conducted 
original investigations. There he took the 
degree of A.M. 

He is now engaged in the practice of law 
at Havana and, besides, is Professor of Eng- 
lish at the Institute of Havana. 

He has published his doctorate thesis on 
"The Relations between Ethics and Re- 
ligion" and a number of essays on philo- 
sophical and literary subjects which have 
not been collected. 

He is a member of the Sociedad Cubana 
de Derecho Internacional, in whose work 
he has taken an active part since its foun- 
dation. At its annual meeting, 191 9, he 
read a paper on "The International Sig- 
nificance of the Russian Revolution. " 


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JORRIN 


73 


LEONARDO SORZANO-JORRIN 

Teacher; writer. 

Leonardo Sorzano-Jorrin was born in 
Paris, during the voluntary exile of his 
grandfather, Jose Silverio Jorrin, and his 
family, at the time of the Ten Years' War. 
Educated in the United States, he received 
his A.B. degree at Georgetown University 
in 1899 and thence proceeded to Havana, 
where he studied law at the University of 
Havana and was admitted to the bar in 
191 1, being now a practicing lawyer and 
notary public. 

In 1900 he won, through competitive 
examination, a life professorship of the 
English Language in the Institute of Ha- 
vana where he is still lecturing. He has 
written two elementary school books for 
the teaching of English, which have run 
into many editions, entitled Libro Pri- 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




mero de Ingles and Libro Segundo de Ingles 
and an Elementary Phonetics now in the 
press, and is an enthusiastic student of 
phonetics, being a member of long standing 
of the International Phonetic Association 
and of the Societe de Dialetologie Romaine. 

Mr. Sorzano- Jorrm was one of the found- 
ers and for many years a member of the 
Board of Directors of the Vedado Tennis 
Club, and materially helped to introduce 
and popularize the games of lawn-tennis 
and squash and the sport of rowing in 
Cuba. 

He is the head of the Knights of Colum- 
bus in Cuba. 


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RIVERO - 


75 


NICOLAS RIVERO 

Journalist; author; pub- 
licist. 

Nicolas Rivero was born on the 
twenty-third of September, 1849, in Villa- 
Viciosa de Asturias in Spain, and there re- 
ceived his early education, but in 1858 
entered the Seminary of Oviedo to be 
prepared for a career in the Church. In 
1872, at the age of twenty-three, when he 
was about to be ordained, he fled the Semi- 
nary to go and fight on the side of Don 
Carlos of Bourbon, the Pretender to the 
Spanish Crown. In this struggle he was 
taken prisoner and imprisoned first in one 
Spanish jail and then in another and finally 
exiled to the Canary Islands. There he 
plotted an uprising to seize a warship but 
the plan was discovered, and Rivero was 
transported to Cuba with four hundred 
other political prisoners to fill the ranks of 




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the Spanish regiments righting to suppress 
the Cuban insurgents. 

After three months Rivero escaped to 
Spain on the steamer Castillo, and rejoined 
the Carlist forces. With them he took part 
in the battle of Monte jura and continued 
steadily fighting from 1873 to 1875, during 
which period he rose by his service in the 
field to the rank of Major. At the end of 
the war he took refuge in France, but in 
1876 an armistice permitted him to return 
to Spain where he settled in Oviedo and 
took up the practice of a notary. 

In 1880 he returned to Cuba and de- 
voted himself completely to journalism as 
a strenuous defender of the sovereignty 
of Spain. Settling in Havana he edited 
El Reldmpago until, in consequence of its 
severe attacks upon the Spanish Captain 
General, it was suppressed. Then he pub- 
lished El Rayo and, later, La Centella, both 
of which came under the ban. His attacks 
upon the Spanish authorities led General 
Blanco to deport him to Spain, but in two 
months the unyielding journalist was on 
his way back to Cuba. In 1883 he founded 


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R I V E R 0 


77 


the newspaper called El General Tacon; it 
was suspended. He founded El Espanol; 
it met the same fate: then El Pensamiento 
Espanol w T hich was likewise suppressed. 

In 1893 Rivero joined the staff of the 
Diario de la Marina and, in 1895, when the 
War of Independence was raging, became 
its editor. The period was a very difficult 
one for the paper because it stood for the 
Spanish cause, and the triumph of the Re- 
volution left it in an unfortunate position. 
But Rivero had maintained strong rela- 
tions with the Autonomist party which now 
stood him in good stead and enabled him 
to make headway under the new conditions. 

The war over,' he adopted a discreet 
political course, urging reconciliation be- 
tween Spaniards and Cubans and forget- 
fulness of past differences in a joint effort 
to make Cuba prosperous. His services 
in this direction were recognized by the 
Spanish Government which honored him 
in 1902 with the Cross of Alfonso XII, and 
he has continued to uphold the interests 
of the Spaniards in Cuba, supporting a 
political course of moderation and security. 




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At the beginning of the World War, 
Rivero,as editor of the Diario de la Marina, 
did not conceal his pro-German sympathies 
but, from the time when the United States 
and Cuba threw in their lot with the Allies, 
he corrected his course and became a par- 
tisan of the Allied cause, making his paper 
one of the strongest organs of propaganda 
in Cuba. 

Besides being a journalist, Senor Rivero 
is an author and has published: Recuerdos 
de un viaje por Espana; El Colorado; Re- 
cuerdos de Mejico; Veinte dias en automovil. 


I 


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TORRIENTE 


79 


COSME DE LA TORRIENTE 

Soldier; diplomat; lawyer; 
statesman. 

COSME DE LA TORRIENTE Y PERAZA (SOn 

of Leandro and Maria Ignacia) was born 
on the estate of his father, "La Isabel/' 
near Jovellanos in the Province of Matan- 
zas on the twenty-seventh of June, 1872. 
He was educated in the Institute of Ma- 
tanzas where he completed the course for 
the Bachelor's degree and at the Univer- 
sity of Havana, where he pursued the 
studies for the law until 1895 when he 
joined the Revolution which broke out on 
the twenty-fourth of February of that year. 
He had obtained the degree of Licentiate 
in Philosophy and Letters in 1892, for he 
had pursued this course simultaneously 
with that of law, and he obtained the 
degree of Licentiate in Law on his return 
from the battlefield at the close of 1898. 




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When the Revolution began in 1895 
Torriente was active in the revolutionary 
clubs of Matanzas, and in March of that 
year he embarked for the United States 
to take part in the filibustering expeditions 
there being organized. He was a partici- 
pant in several of those which were cap- 
tured and in consequence was imprisoned 
at different times, at Washington, Dela- 
ware, at Nassau in the Bahamas, and at 
New York. Finally he joined the famous 
expedition in the steamer Bermuda under 
the command of General Calixto Garcia 
which landed successfully in Baracoa, and 
he served throughout the rest of the war 
under Generals Maximo Gomez, Calixto 
Garcia, Jose Maria Rodriguez, Francisco 
Carrillo, and Jose Manuel Capote. He 
served as Representative for Pinar del 
Rio in the Constituent Assembly of Yaya, 
Camagiiey, returning to the field on its 
dissolution. When the war closed he had 
gained the rank of Colonel on the General 
Staff, having taken part in the attack and 
siege of Santiago de Cuba as Chief of Staff 
in the Division commanded by Major 


T 
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HISPANIC NOTES 



TORRIENTE 


81 


General Jose Manuel Capote. He took 
part also in the fighting along the Gibara- 
Holguin line between the forces of General 
Calixto Garcia and the Spanish General 
Luque, which continued until August 
seventeenth because the opposing forces 
were not aware that the Peace Protocol 
had been signed in Washington on the 
twelfth. 

When the Spanish sovereignty ceased 
General Ludlow, the Military Governor of 
Havana, appointed Torriente Secretary of 
the Civil Government and later Acting 
Governor of the Province. In August, 
1899, he was appointed Magistrate of the 
Provincial Courts (Court of Appeals) of 
Santa Clara and in 1 900 he assumed similar 
duties in Matanzas, his native Province. 
There he remained until 1903 when Presi- 
dent Estrada Palma appointed him Secre- 
tary of Legation at Madrid, where he 
served as Charge d 'Affaires until some time 
later when he was appointed Minister, and 
also Envoy Extraordinary, to represent the 
Republic of Cuba at the wedding of King 
Alfonso who conferred upon him on that 




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occasion the Grand Cross of Isabel the 
Catholic. When the anarchist attempt 
then made upon the lives of King Alfonso 
and his bride occurred, the Cuban envoy 
and his wife were among those nearest to 
the royal pair and like them escaped un- 
hurt although about a hundred people were 
killed or wounded. 

In 1906 when the revolution broke out 
against President Estrada Palma, and an 
American Interventional government took 
charge of the country, Torriente resigned 
his charge although he was the only Cuban 
diplomat who did so, preferring not to act 
as foreign representative of the provisional 
government. The first and only Treaty 
ever made between Cuba and Spain — that 
is to say between the former Colony and 
her former sovereign — the Treaty of Ex- 
tradition now in force, was negotiated by 
Torriente and bears his signature. 

Since 1906 he has devoted himself to 
the practice of the legal profession and to 
public affairs. During the administration 
of President Gomez he held for a time the 
office of Civil Service Commissioner, the 


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TORRIENTE 


83 


Commission consisting then of three mem- 
bers, two of the places being held by Lib- 
erals and one by a Conservative, Torriente, 
until the beginning of 191 2 when he re- 
signed. On his return from Spain he was 
one of those who founded and organized 
the National Conservative party which 
he served for some years as General 
Secretary, later as Vice-president, and 
finally as President which honor he laid 
down at the end of 19 14, but still con- 
tinues to be Honorary President of the 
party. 

In 1908 he was candidate for Senator 
from his native province and in 19 10 for 
Representative and was later elected 
Senator for the term of eight years be- 
ginning in April, 19 18. He was the first 
Secretary of State in President MenocaPs 
administration. Among matters of inter- 
national importance which came under his 
charge, and were determined in accordance 
with his opinion and counsel, was the ques- 
tion of claims made by England, France, 
and Germany for damages suffered by their 
subjects during the War of Independence 




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8 4 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




and known as the " Tripartite Claims, " and 
the case, no less famous, of the Ports 
Company of Cuba, known as the "Com- 
pariia del Dragado. " In regard to the 
latter question it was the judgment of the 
Cuban Government, sanctioned without 
dissent by the Supreme Court of Cuba, that 
it was the most important case of its kind 
that had arisen in Cuba and possibly in any 
country in America and offered more 
difficulties than any other in its study and 
solution. 

Senor Torriente is the first Vice-presi- 
dent of the Association and also of the 
National Council of Veterans of the War 
of Independence; Vice-president of the 
Cuban Society of International Law, and 
one of the four members for Cuba in The 
Hague Tribunal of Arbitration; he is a 
member also of the High International 
Commission for Uniform Legislation which 
holds its sessions in Washington. He is 
the Chairman of the Committee on For- 
eign Affairs in the Senate of Cuba. 

On the declaration of war by Cuba upon 
the Imperial Governments of Germany and 


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TORRIENTE 


85 


Austria, Senator Torriente took an active 
part in presenting and urging the principal 
laws dealing with the war, among them the 
act for Aid to the Allies which was due to 
his initiative and became law on the 
fifteenth of May, 191 8. By this there was 
granted a credit of 82,400.000 annually, 
to support the civil populations in the war 
zones of Europe and to succor the soldiers 
who were victims of the war, and their 
families. He was President of the Cuban 
National Committee created by the law of 
Propaganda for the war and of Aid to its 
Victims. In recognition of his labors and 
efforts the French Republic has conferred 
upon him the decoration of an Officer of 
the Legion of Honor and he has received 
the thanks of the Government of Great 
Britain. 

Senator Torriente is a Member by Merit 
as also Corresponding Member of the Royal 
Hispanic-American Academy of Science 
and Art of Madrid: Honorary Member of 
the Faculty of Political and Administrative 
Science of the University of St. Mark of 
Lima, Honorary Corresponding Member 




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of the Royal Geographical Society of Spain, 
and he was elected in April, 191 9, Corre- 
sponding Member of the Hispanic Society 
of America. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



BETA X COURT 



ARTURO BETAXCOURT MAXDULEY 

Lawyer; public man. 

Arturo Bet.a^court Maxduley was 
born in the town of Holguin, Province of 
Oriente, Cuba, on the third of August, 
1870. His formal education was inter- 
rupted in his youth and was not resumed 
until much later. 

When the War of Independence broke 
out in 1895 he was deported from the city 
of Santiago and withdrew to the state of 
Yucatan, Mexico, where he continued 
active in the cause of the Revolution until 
opportunity offered to return and join the 
Cuban forces in the field. Disembarking 
in the Province of Santa Clara he served 
with the rank of Lieutenant under the 
command of Major General Maximo 
Gomez. 

Some vears later he returned to his 



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I 



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studies; he completed the courses for the 
Bachelor's degree at the Institute of San- 
tiago de Cuba in 1909; in 191 1 he took the 
Civil Service Examinations' for administra- 
tive service; in 191 2 he took the examina- 
tions for Procurator before the provincial 
court of Oriente and in 19 14 he obtained 
the degree of Doctor of Civil Laws in the 
University. In 19 16 he was appointed 
Notary Public for the Municipal district 
of Cobre, Oriente, and practices the pro- 
fession of law in Santiago de Cuba and 
Havana. 

He has taken an active part in politics. 
For three and a half years he served as 
Private Secretary to the Governor of 
Oriente. In the general elections of 191 2 
he was elected Representative from the 
Province of Oriente on the Liberal ticket 
and was reelected in 19 16. In the House 
of Representative he has been Secretary of 
the House; Vice-president of the Committee 
on Foreign Relations, Member of the Com- 
mittee on Justice and Codes, and President 
of the Committee on Petitions and Con- 
cessions. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



BET AN COURT 


89 


From the year iqio he has been General 
Secretary of the Liberal party in the Prov- 
ince of Oriente. 

He took an active part in the Revolution 
of 191 7 and was appointed Legal Adviser 
to the Provincial Government of Oriente, 
President of the Committee on Banks, and 
Colonel in the Legal Staff of the Revolu- 
tionary army. 

He is the author of many laws to improve 
the condition of labor and of public roads. 




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I 



FIGAROLA 


9i 


DOMINGO FIGAROLA-CANEDA 

Librarian; editor; author. 

Domingo Figarola-Caneda was born 
in Havana on the seventeenth of January, 
1852. He completed the courses leading 
to the Bachelor's degree and at an early 
age entered upon a literary career, working 
as a journalist-contributor, editor, and cor- 
respondent — on various newspapers among 
them El Triunfo, El Pais, and La Lucha. 

In 1876 he founded, in Havana, El Mer- 
curio which he published until the following 
year. In 1883 he founded El Argument 0 
which had a brief career in Havana. In 
1885 he founded La Ilustracion Cub an a 
in Barcelona and directed it until 1887. 
In Paris he founded and published La 
Republica Cubana, 1896-1897. Finally 
he founded La Revista de la Biblioteca 
Nacional in Havana. 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



92 


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Senor Figarola is a member and one of 
the founders of the Academy of History 
and is keeper of its Annals. He is also a 
consulting member of the Permanent 
Council of the American Congress of Bib- 
liography and History of Buenos Aires. 

He is the author of the following works : 
Biografia de don Saturnino Valverde (Ha- 
bana, 1880); Guia Oficial de la Exposicion 
de Matanzas (Matanzas, 1881); Biblio- 
grafia de Rafael Merchdn (Habana, 1905); 
El Dr. Ramon Meza y Sudrez Incldn, 
noticia bibliografica (Habana, 1909), and 
Cartografia cubana del British Museum, a 
chronological catalogue of charts, plans, 
and maps from the sixteenth to the nine- 
teenth century. He collaborated upon the 
D'iccionario Biogrdfico cubano, de Cal- 
cagno (New York-Habana, 1878-86); he 
arranged the materials of the Obras de Rosa 
Kruger (T. I. Habana, 1883), and as part 
of the Biblioteca de La Ilustracion cubana 
published the Poesias de Julia Perez de 
Monies de Oca (Barcelona [1887]); Los 
negros, de Antonio Bachiller y Morales 
(Barcelona [1887]); Sets conferencias, de 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



FIGAROLA 


93 


Enrique Jose Varona (Barcelona [1887]) 
and Dos Amoves, de Cirilo Villaverde (Bar- 
celona, 1887). 

In addition to these books, Figarola has 
published the following of which also he is 
the author: 

Esc udos primitivos de Cuba (Habana, 
1913); Memorias ineditas de la Avellaneda 
(anotadas, Habana, 1914); Milanes y 
Pldcido (Habana, 1914); Bibliografta de 
Luz y Caballero (Habana, 191 5). 




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DE ARANGO 


95 


FRANCISCO DE ARANGO 

Official; man of affairs. 

Francisco de Arango y Mantilla is a 
scion of one of the most distinguished Cuban 
families, grandson of the eminent don Fran- 
cisco de Arango y Parreflo whose services to 
his country were so numerous and so con- 
spicuous that on the petition of the Ayunta- 
miento of Havana the Spanish Government 
granted him the title of " Marques de la 
Gratitud. " Arango was born at Guanaba- 
coa, and entered the University of Havana 
where in the years 1884-1885 he gained the 
degrees of Doctor of Civil and Canon Laws 
and Doctor of Philosophy and Letters. 

In 1885 Dr. Arango was made Assistant 
Professor in the Faculty of Philosophy and 
Letters and in the same year began the 
practice of his profession, but the death of 
his parents in 1889 compelled him to aban- 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



9 6 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




don his hopes of a professional and aca- 
demic career and to devote himself to the 
care of his properties. In consequence of 
the Revolutionary War and the destruc- 
tion of his properties, he was obliged in 
1897 to go to Europe and later to Puerto 
Rico where he was appointed Judge of the 
Lower Courts. With the end of the war 
in 1898 Arango was able to return to his 
country and give his attention to restoring 
what had been destroyed in the war. He 
took no part in politics until his friend 
General Jose Miguel Gomez was nomi- 
nated for the Presidency when he entered 
the lists in his behalf. On the election of 
General Gomez in 1908, Dr. Arango was 
appointed Assistant Secretary of Govern- 
ment (Gobernacion), in 19 10 he was made 
Assistant Secretary of Justice, and in 191 1 
Inspector General of Agricultural Schools. 

In 191 2, at the end of General Gomez's 
term of office, Sefior Arango resigned and 
turned his attention to practical affairs — 
particularly to developing new resources 
and new agricultural products, for which 
the fields of Cuba offer special opportunities. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



HENRIQUEZ URENA 


97 


MAX HENRIQUEZ URENA 

Author; musician; critic; 
teacher. 

Max Henriquez Urena was born in 
Santo Domingo on the sixteenth of Novem- 
ber, 1885. He was educated in his native 
place and at an early age entered upon the 
literary career, being dramatic critic of 
La Lucha of Santo Domingo when he was 
fifteen. In 1901 he was granted a pension 
by the Dominican Government to enable 
him to go abroad to study music and he 
began to develop his aptitude for this art 
in the New York College of Music. Very 
soon, however, he abandoned his musical 
studies and though, to be sure, he produced 
some few compositions, he found his real 
vocation in literature to which he devoted 
himself. In 1903 he settled in Cuba and 
there in Santiago de Cuba founded, and 
during two years published, the magazine 




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I 



9 8 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Cuba Liter aria. Later in Havana he served 
as editor of La Discusion, El Figaro, and 
La Lucha. 

In 1907 Herri quez removed to Mexico 
where he remained a year, living an active 
editorial life as editor of El Diario in 
Mexico City, of La Gaceta in Guadalajara 
and of The Monterrey News of Monterrey. 
During this year he also founded La Socie- 
dad de Conferencias de Mexico. 

In 1908 he returned to Havana and there 
continued his literary labors. In associa- 
tion with Jesus Castellanos he founded 
La Sociedad de Conferencias de la Habana 
in which he delivered a number of addresses 
including: Grieg y la musica del Norte, 
Georges Rodenbach, Tolstoi y la novela real- 
ista, Jesus Castellanos; su vida y su obra 
and Marti en Santo Domingo. 

Henri quez also delivered notable ad- 
dresses in the Ateneo of Havana, as Ibsen 
y el tedtro contempordneo, Heredia y la 
poesia parnasiana, and Los fundamentos 
del bien y del mal. In the Academia Na- 
tional of Arts and Letters he has spoken on 
Hauptmann. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



HENRI QUEZ URENA 


99 


In 191 2 he received the title of Doctor of 
Civil Laws in the University and in 19 16 
that of Doctor in Philosophy and Letters. 
In 191 7 he gained in competitive examina- 
tion the Chair of Grammar and Literature 
in the Normal School of Santiago de Cuba 
and in 1918 he was appointed Director of 
the School. 

He was Director of the Ateneo of Havana. 
In 1 9 14 he founded the Ateneo of Santiago 
de Cuba in which he has given lectures on 
Schumann, Jose Enrique Rodo, and others. 
In 191 5 he founded an Academy for higher 
studies in language and literature under the 
title "Academia Domingo Delmonte" in 
which he has given courses in Spanish and 
Cuban literature. 

He has published: Whistler y Rodin, 
conferencia (1906) ; Anforas, poesias (19 14) ; 
Tres poetas de la musica (191 5); La Com- 
bination diplomdtica, juguete comico (1916) ; 
Rodo y Ruben Darto (19 18) and El ocaso del 
dogmatismo liter ario (19 19). He has in pre- 
paration a study on the Teatro contempo- 
raneo (1850-1918). He h as translated into 
Spanish Los Trofeos de Jose Maria Heredia. 




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I 



C ARB ONE LL 


IOI 


NESTOR CARBONELL 

Journalist. 

Nestor Carbonell y Rivero was born 
on the fourth of May, 1883, in the town of 
Alquizar, Province of Havana. When he 
was four years old his family emigrated and 
for this and other causes his father was his 
sole instructor until he was sixteen. Al- 
though his family returned to Cuba in 
1889 he was not able to follow the usual 
course of education on account of the 
necessity to assist in the family support. 
He obtained somewhat later than usual 
the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the In- 
stitute of Pinar del Rio. 

He took part in the Revolution of 1906, 
directed against the government of Presi- 
dent Tomas Estrada Palma, and held the 
rank of Colonel. 

Carbonell has been an active journalist 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



102 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




and has founded the following magazines: 
Letras in 1906, Biblioteca Cuba in 19 14, 
Don Pepe (devoted to boys and girls) in 
1917. 

In 1909 he was made Special Inspector 
in the Department of Public Instruction 
and, in the same year, Chief Secretary to 
the Police Force of Havana. 

Carbonell is the author of many articles 
in the press and in various magazines and 
has given special study to Cuban biog- 
raphy, a field in which he has written much 
and in which he has a volume in prepara- 
tion: Los Proceres; ensayos biogrdficos de 
cubanos ilustres. In particular he has 
made a special study of the career of Marti 
whose works are now appearing under his 
direction in La Prensa, and whose person- 
ality has formed the subject of various 
addresses by Carbonell, particularly that 
given on his election in 19 14 to member- 
ship in the Academia Nacional de Artes y 
Letras. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



SANTO .V EN I A 


103 


EMETERIO S. SANTOVENIA 

Journalist; author; his- 
torian. 

Emeterio S. Saxtovenia y Echaide 
was born on the twenty-third of May, 
1889, in the village of Mantua, Pinar del 
Rio, and there pursued his early studies, 
afterward continuing in the Institute of 
Pinar del Rio, where he obtained the 
degree of Bachelor of Letters and Sciences, 
and at the University of Havana where he 
pursued the courses for the degree of Doc- 
tor of Civil Law. He was made Professor 
of Public Instruction but pursued the 
vocation only one year, devoting himself 
to literary pursuits, both as journalist and 
as author. As journalist he has contri- 
buted extensively to most of the leading 
papers and magazines of Havana including 
Diario de la Marina, El Comer cio, El Triun- 
fo, La Prensa, Heraldo de Cuba, La Nation, 




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104 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Grdfico, El Figaro, Bohemia, Letras, Don 
Pepe, etc. 

As author Santo venia has labored chiefly 
in the field of History. He is a correspond- 
ing member of the Academy of History of 
Cuba and presented upon his election a 
History of Mantua. He has been a com- 
petitor in literary contests in the historical 
field and his works have been crowned by 
the National Academy of Arts and Letters 
and by the well-known journal of Havana, 
Heraldo de Cuba. 

His published works are: Tranquilino 
Sandalio de noda (19 10); Cirilo Villaverde 
(1911); Jose Victor iano Betancourt, Estu- 
dio biografico (19 12); El Ferrocarril a los 
Remotes de Guane (1913); Ramon Lazo, 
Contribucion a la Historia de Vuelta Aba jo 
(1914); El Municipio de Ramon Lazo 

(1914) ; Gonzalo de Quesada, Contribucion 
biografica (191 5); Los Arroyos de Mantua, 
puerto habilitado para el trdfico marttimo 

(191 5) ; Proceres Occidentales (191 5); Una 
Heroina Cuhana (1918); Ensayo Histdrico 
de Pinar del Rio (1919); Historia de 
Mantua, in press. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



PAILL ACQ 



105 



JORGE XAVARRO FAILLACQ 

Teacher; bacteriologist. 

Jorge Navarro Faillacq was born on 
the twelfth of May, 1888, in the city of 
Cienfuegos and there in the Colegio of the 
Jesuit Fathers gained his early education. 
Having obtained the Bachelor's degree in 
1905 he continued his studies at the Uni- 
versity of Havana where he won the degree 
of Engineer of Agronomy in 10 10 and that 
of Civil Engineer in 1 9 1 1 . 

From 1908 until 191 1 he occupied the 
position of Assistant in the School of 
Sciences in the University. From 191 1 to 
191 2 he was Chief Engineer in the office of 
Plans and Projects of the Department of 
Agriculture. In 191 2 he won, in competi- 
tive examination, Chair kk 'H" in the Agri- 
cultural School of Matanzas and was the 
first Director until 19 14. In 191 5 he ob- 



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I 

I 



io6 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




tained again by competitive examination 
the Chair designated as that of Group III 
in the Normal vSchool for Teachers in Ha- 
vana. In 191 7 he gained, also by competi- 
tive examination, the position of Auxiliary 
Professor of the School of Agronomy and 
Sugar Production in the University of 
Havana, a post which he still occupies; 
besides this he has given courses in the 
University on " Agricultural Bacteriology 
and Vegetable Pathology. " 

Sefior Faillacq is a member of the Socie- 
dad Felipe Poey and the Sociedad Cubana 
de Ingenieros. He has contributed scien- 
tific articles from time to time to papers 
and magazines and published in 191 8, Resu- 
men de Tecnica General Microbiologic a. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



S A R R A I N 


107 


FELIPE GONZALEZ SARRAIN 

Lawyer; legislator; par- 
liamentarian. 

Felipe Gonzalez Sarrain was born 
in Havana on the first of May, 1868. He 
was educated at the Colegio of Belen where, 
in 1883, he completed the courses leading 
to the Bachelor's degree, passing thence to 
the University where he pursued the study 
of law, obtaining the degree of Licentiate 
in 1887 and that of Doctor in 1893. 

During the first American Intervention 
he was a member of the City Council of 
Havana and later was Counsel to that body. 
He was one of the founders of the Liberal 
party under which he was elected Repre- 
sentative for the Province of Havana in 
1902 and reelected in 1904. During the 
second American Intervention he was a 
member of the Consultative Commission 
organized by Governor Magoon and had a 




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io8 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




share in drafting the laws put into effect 
at that time. 

In 1908 Sarrain was again elected Rep- 
resentative for the Province of Havana and 
reelected in 1910 and 1014. During his 
career in the Chamber he has exhibited 
marked talent both as a speaker and as a 
parliamentarian. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



BRULL 



109 



MARIANO BRULL 

Poet; diplomat. 

Mariano Brull was born in the city 
of Camaguey, Cuba, on the twenty-fourth 
of February, 1891. At the age of two his 
parents took him to Spain, where he lived 
in Andalucia for about nine years, then 
returning to Cuba. He received his degree 
of Bachelor of Science and Arts in the city 
of Camaguey in 1908, and graduated as 
Doctor of Law at the University of Ha- 
vana in 1 9 13. He practiced as Attorney 
at Law in that city almost four years, leav- 
ing that profession to enter the Diplomatic 
Career as Second Secretary of the Cuban 
Legation at Washington, D. C, in 191 7. 

During his several years as student in 
Camaguey, Brull made his first/essays as 
prose and poetry writer. Together with 
other schoolmates he founded and edited 



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no 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




a small student's magazine, which lasted 
but a few months. Later, while a resident 
of Havana, he contributed to the leading 
Cuban magazine, El Figaro. 

In 1 916 he published his first volume of 
poems entitled La Casa del Silencio, and is 
preparing a new volume of poems, En el 
Perl on del Vuelo, for publication in the 
near future. He is also working on trans- 
lations of English poetry into Spanish. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



D E ARAGON 


in 


ADOLFO DE ARAGON 

Scholar; teacher; author. 

Adolfo de Aragox was born on the 
twenty-fourth of March, 1864. in Havana 
and has lived almost all his life in his na- 
tive city. There he obtained his education, 
gaining his degree as Bachelor of Arts in 
the Institute in 1878; that of Licentiate in 
Philosophy and Letters at the Lniversity 
in 1882; and likewise that of Licentiate in 
Civil and Canon Law in 1883. There also 
he has taught, with the exception of a brief 
period at the Institute of the neighboring 
Province of Pinar del Rio where he was 
Professor of Latin and Spanish in 1883-84. 
In the latter year he received the investi- 
ture of Doctor of Philosophy and Letters 
and was made Auxiliary Professor, occupy- 
ing temporarily the chairs of Greek and 
Latin Literature and Metaphysics. 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




In 1896 Dr. Aragon was obliged to leave 
Havana and Cuba on account of his po- 
litical opinions which were emphatically 
Separatist, and he removed to the United 
States where he joined himself to the re- 
volutionists acting with them in the politi- 
cal clubs " Oscar Primelles" and "Patria" 
of New York and "Tunas de Calixto" of 
Jacksonville. 

In 1897 his Chair at the University was 
declared vacant for the reason that Gen- 
eral Weyler had commanded him to return 
and he had not done so, but on the contrary 
had continued his revolutionary activities 
abroad. 

In 1898 when the War of Independence 
was won, Dr. Aragon was reinstated in his 
position as Auxiliary Professor by the 
Government. On May first, 1900, he was 
appointed to the Chair of History of Classi- 
cal Literature and in September of that 
year he gained, in competitive examination, 
the post of Professor of Latin Language 
and Literature which he has continued to 
occupy. 

In 1900 Professor Aragon was elected a 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



D E A R A G 6 X 


113 


member of the Board of Education of Ha- 
vana which office he filled until 19 16 and 
was President of the Board from 19 14 to 
1 9 1 6 during a period of important changes 
in the educational system. In 19 16 he was 
elected Dean of the Faculty of Letters and 
Science for the period i9i6to 1919. 

Dr. Aragon has published Los Dramas de 
Esquilo (Conferencia, 19 16) ; Aristofanes y la 
antigua comedia griega, Conferencia, 19 14. 




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DE BL.ANCK 


115 


HUBERT DE BLANCK 

Musician; composer. 

Hubert de Blanck was born on the 
eleventh of July, 1856, in Utrecht, Holland. 
He received his first instruction from his 
father and continued his studies in the 
Conservatory at Liege under Professors 
Dupuy and Le Dent, where he won the 
second prize for proficiency at the piano 
and gained a subvention from the govern- 
ment. In 1873 when he was only sixteen 
he made a tour of the cities of Russia, and 
in 1875, being then director of the orches- 
tra at the theater "El Dorado " in Warsaw, 
he made a joint tour with the violinist 
Dangremont through Germany and Den- 
mark which was attended with marked 
success. Following this tour the two musi- 
cians sailed for South America where they 
gave several concerts at the court of Don 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



1 16 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Pedro II. In the same year Blanck re- 
turned to Europe and took part in a musi- 
cal festival at the palace of the King 
of Saxony. Later he embarked for the 
United States where he was appointed 
Professor of the Piano in the College of 
Music in New York. 

In 1882 Blanck visited Cuba and gave 
several concerts which were crowned with 
success, and in the following year returned 
to Havana where he settled and in 1885 
established a Conservatory of Music. 

In 1896 he was imprisoned for belonging 
to the Revolutionary Committee of Ha- 
vana, and soon afterwards, on the order of 
General Weyler, expelled from the coun- 
try. On his return after the defeat of Spain, 
he reopened the Conservatory of Music, 
which he had founded in 1885, giving it 
the title Conservatorio Nacional to signify 
that it was the center of musical education 
in Cuba. 

Hubert de Blanck is not only a pianist 
but also a composer, and has had an in- 
fluence in both fields upon the develop- 
ment of music in Cuba. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



MORE Y 


117 


ANTONIO RODRIGUEZ MOREY 

Painter; director, and 
teacher of Art. 

Antonio Rodriguez Morey was born 
on the fourth of March, 1874, in Havana 
and there in his native city he gained his 
first instruction in the art of painting to 
which he has devoted himself. His early- 
studies in design were made in the Acad- 
emy of San Alejandro de la Habana, and 
those in painting under the Cuban painters : 
Juan Ruiz and Miguel Arias. For further 
instruction he sailed in 1891 to Italy and 
continued his work in scenic painting and 
perspective under the celebrated painter 
Giovanni Lessi. In 1892, with the advice 
of Lessi, he entered the Scuola Prof essionale 
delli Arti Decorative where he won several 
prizes and the title Pint or escetiografo . In 
1895 Morey passed on to Rome where he 
entered the examinations and won one of 




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I 



n8 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




the free posts in the Academy of Painting 
for the study of anatomy and the nude. 
At the same time he worked in the studio 
of the famous Spanish painter Salvador 
Viniegra and collaborated with the paint- 
ers Serra and Canodi. He became Pro- 
fessor of Design and Painting in the Colegio 
of Santa del Monti and later, after a tour 
through the principal art centers ot Europe, 
returned to Cuba. 

On his return he was appointed Pro- 
fessor of Anatomy, Perspective, and the 
History of Art in the Academy of Painting 
and Sculpture of Havana. He has been 
awarded medals and diplomas in many 
expositions both in Europe and America. 
He is a member of the National Academy 
of Arts and Letters and Art Director of 
the magazine Bohemia. 

Among Morey 's most notable works are : 
Demasiado tarde, Triste jornada, and El 
otono en la montana. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



L E ROY 


119 


JORGE LE ROY CASSA 

Physician; scientist; sta- 
tistician; author. 

Jorge Le Roy Cassa was born on the 
thirtieth of September, 1867, in the city of 
Havana and there he received his education 
— the early stages in the Colegio of San Car- 
los, the secondary courses in that of La Gran 
Antilla where he gained the degree of 
Bachelor of Arts in 1882, and the later 
stages in the University where he won the 
degree of Licentiate in Medicine in 1888, 
and of Doctor in 1890. He went on then 
to Paris where in her University he studied 
with distinguished masters — A. Pinard 
(Obstetrics), Latteux (Histology, Pathol- 
ogy, Bacteriology) , and Pozzi (Gynecology) . 
In 1893 he was a member of the staff of the 
Necker Hospital in Paris, working with Dr. 
Joaquin Albarran as Assistant in the Gyne- 
cology ward. 




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On his return to Cuba Dr. Le Roy taught 
in the University where, in the absence of 
their holders, he filled various chairs in- 
cluding those of Anatomy, Pathology, 
Histology, Diseases of Infancy, and Clinical 
Obstetrics. In 1897 he was appointed 
Professor pro tempore of Legal Medicine 
and Toxicology. 

In 1 90 1, Dr. Le Roy was appointed by 
General Wood, Secretary of the Yellow 
Fever Commission; in 1903 he was ap- 
pointed Chief Statistician of Cuba and 
from this date he entered upon a new 
phase in his career which has been marked 
by notable success. In 1907 he was made 
Chief Statistician of Health and Demog- 
raphy in the Deparment of Health and 
Charity. In 1909 he was designated to 
prepare a statistical report upon the moral 
condition of Cuba (crime, suicide, insanity, 
alcoholism, prostitution, illiteracy, etc., 
etc.). In i9iohe was appointed, together 
with three other distinguished physicians, 
to collect, edit, select, and publish the 
works of Dr. Carlos T. Finlay. 

Dr. Le Roy is a member of the Com- 


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121 


mission appointed to issue the National 
Pharmacopia and of the Academy of Medi- 
cal, Physical, and Natural Sciences whose 
Annals he has had charge of since 1902, and 
of which he has been Secretary since 1907. 
He was a member 01 the delegation which 
represented Cuba in the Second Latin- 
American Congress held in Buenos Aires 
in 1904; he was Vice-president of the Sec- 
tion of Vital Statistics of the American 
Public Health Association in 191 1, and was 
a delegate of the Association to the Twen- 
tieth Congress of Hygiene and Demography 
held in Washington in 191 2. 

Dr. Le Roy is the author of numerous 
scientific works among which are : 

Apuntes para la Historia de la Obstetricia 
en Cuba, 1903; Historia de la Academia 
de Ciencias de la Habana; Consider aciones 
sobre la Prensa Medica de Cuba, 19 13; La 
Prensa y la Bibliografia Medicas cubanas. 
1 914; La Historia y la Prensa Medica de 
Cuba, 191 7; La Prensa Medica y la Es- 
tadistica; Sobre las fund ones sexuales en 
la mujer cubana; Nota de ginecomastia, 
1913; Higiene Publica, 1888; Progreso 




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sanitario de Cuba, 191 2; La Sanidad en 
Cuba, 1913; Estadistica defiebre amarilla; 
La M or t alidad en la Habana, 19 13; La 
M ortalidad infantil en Cuba, 19 14; iSui- 
cidio 6 asesinato?, 1907; iQuo tendimus?, 
1907; El suicidio por el fuego, 1907; Sobre 
el raquitismo en Cuba, 1900; Vomitos in- 
coercibles en las mujeres embarazadas, 1892; 
Estradistica de vienticinco anos de fiebre 
amarilla, 1905; Informe sobre destructor es 
de basuras, 1912; Fiebre infecciosa, 1904; 
Presentacion de tronco, 1900; CUnica ob- 
stetrica, 1894; Bibliografia de Dr. Enrique 
Acosta, 1913; Bibliografia de la Estadis- 
tica en Cuba, 19 16. 


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123 


RAIMUNDO DE CASTRO 

Physician; teacher; author. 

Raimundo de Castro y Bachiller was 
born on the sixth of March, 1878, in the city 
of New York where his parents were so- 
journing, and where he gained his early 
education under the private tutelage of 
Dr. Valdes Ragues. When his parents 
returned to Cuba he continued his studies 
in the Institute of Havana and there ob- 
tained the degree of Bachelor of iVrts in 
1894. He began the study of Medicine 
in the University of Havana, but after two 
years went to New York where he com- 
pleted the course and gained his degree at 
Columbia University in 1901. In the same 
year the degree of Doctor of Medicine was 
conferred upon him by the University of 
Havana. 

He became Assistant in the Laboratory 




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of Medical Hygiene in the University in 
1902 and retained the post until 191 7 when 
he became Assistant Professor of Legal 
Medicine and Toxicology. He is a Mem- 
ber of the Liga contra la Tuberculosis de 
Cuba, Medical Advisor of the Campania 
Nacional de Seguros, the "Confederation 
Life Insurance Co," and of the "Pan- 
American Co."; Medical Inspector of the 
"Peninsular and Occidental S. S. Co. " and 
of the " Southern Pacific S. S. Co." 

Dr. de Castro is also Titular Associate 
of Clinical Studies; Charter member of the 
Sociedad de Medicina Tropical de Cuba; 
Honorary Physician of the Hospital de 
San Francisco de Paula; Socio Protector 
del Colegio Medico de Cuba; Miembro de 
los cuatro Congresos Nacionales de Cuba, 
Miembro de la Asociacion de Salud Ptiblica 
Americana, Delegado al Congreso Inter- 
national de Higiene y Demografia in Wash- 
ington, Associate Fellow of the American 
Medical Association, Member of the 
Columbia University Alumni Association 
in Cuba. 

Author of: Cuadros sinopticos del trata- 


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DE CASTRO 


125 


miento de las intoxicaciones y envenen- 
amientos; Andlisis Hidrotimetrico en el 
Laboratorio de Higiene de la Facultad de 
Medicina de la Universidad de la Habana; 
Estado del Sueno y sus funciones anti-toxicas, 
Contribution al estudio del envenenamiento 
agudo por el colodion; Negando la teoria de 
Koch (translation from the English), La 
Criminologia ante la Medicina Legal, Intoxi- 
caciones industriales debida a las fabrica- 
ciones de los explosivos, Una observation 
cltnica curiosa; Elogio del Dr. Miguel 
Sanchez Toledo. 

V 




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BUST A M ANTE 


127 


ANTONIO SANCHEZ DE 
BUSTAMANTE 

Lawyer; professor; pub- 
licist; statesman; orator. 

Dr. Bustamante's life possesses that 
unity and continuity which belongs pecu- 
liarly to one whose days are spent in the 
city of his birth, and where his family has 
lived before him. Antonio Sanchez de 
Bustamante was born in Havana on the 
thirteenth of April, 1865, son of another 
Dr. Bustamante, who was Professor and 
Dean of the Faculty of Medicine in the 
University of Havana. The boy began 
his studies in the famous Colegio of Belen 
where he completed the course for the 
Bachelor's degree, going thence to Spain, 
as was long the custom with Cuban youth, 
to begin his legal studies at the Central 
University of Madrid, but returning to the 
University of Havana to complete his 




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course and obtain his title of Advocate 
( Abogado) . 

In 1884, before he was yet twenty, he 
began the profession of the law and gained 
by the customary contest of public com- 
petitive examination the chair of Inter- 
national Law in the University which he 
has occupied from that date. 

In 1902, when the Republic of Cuba 
was constituted, he was elected Senator 
for the Province of Pinar del Rio and 
was reelected in 1909 to represent 
Havana. 

In 1895 he was made Member of the 
Institute of International Law, the only 
Cuban who has gained that distinction, and 
in 1907 he was selected as Delegate Pleni- 
potentiary of Cuba to the Second Peace 
Conference at The Hague. He is Dean of 
the Faculty of Law at Havana University, 
President of the Academy of Arts and 
Letters; President of the Proprietors' Club 
(Centro de Propietarios) of Havana, over 
which he has presided for twenty years; 
Dean of the Havana Bar; Member of the 
Permanent Arbitration Tribunal of The 


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129 


Hague; Custodian of Alien Enemy Prop- 
erty, 19 18; Delegate from Cuba to the 
Peace Conference, 1918; Corresponding 
Member of the Hispanic Society of 
America, 19 18. 

Dr, Bustamante is a contributor to 
reviews and magazines, chiefly on subjects 
connected with International Law, and is 
the author of: Tratado de Derecho Inter- 
national Privado, Havana, 1896. Printed 
by the University. Informe relativo a la 
Segunda Confer encia International de la Paz, 
Havana, 1908. Pro grama delas Asignaturas 
de Derecho International Publico y Derecho 
International Privado. Madrid, 1891. El 
Or den Publico. Estudio de Derecho Inter- 
national Privado, Habana, 1893. Le Canal 
de Panama et le Droit International. 
Bruxelles, 1895. La Segunda Confer encia 
de la Paz. Madrid, 1908. La Seconde Con- 
ference de la Paix. Translated into French 
by George Seelle. Paris, 1909. La Au- 
tarquia Personal. A study of Interna- 
tional Private Law. Havana, 19 14. 
Discursos. 3 vols, published and two in 
press. 




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GOMEZ 


131 


JOSE MIGUEL GOMEZ 

Soldier; man of affairs; 
statesman; ex-President of 
the Republic of Cuba. 

Jose Miguel Gomez was born in the 
year 1858 in the ancient town of Sancti 
Spiritus and here, in a Colegio maintained 
by the Society of Jesus, he obtained his 
early education. After some years he pro- 
ceeded to Havana and entered the Institute 
there. Meantime the Ten Years' War 
which disturbed the country from 1868 
to 1878 was raging and at last the call to 
arms became too urgent for young Gomez 
to resist and, in 1876, only a short time 
before his graduation from the Institute, 
he joined the forces in the field and fought 
to the end of the war in Sancti Spiritus. 

From this time on he has taken part in 
nearly every political movement in Cuba. 
He had a prominent and not inglorious 




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share in the War of Independence, joining 
the forces of General Serafin Sanchez in 
the early conflict and continuing in arms 
until the close. He was made Lieutenant 
Colonel in command of the "Maximo 
G6mez" regiment and rose from rank to 
rank by valor in the field, becoming Col- 
onel by reason of the battle of Palo Prieto 
— one of the most important battles of the 
war, becoming Brigadier General by the 
battle of Santa Teresa — where he was 
wounded — and finally winning the rank of 
Major General by valor in the field at 
Gibaro and Arroyo Blanco. 

General Gomez enjoyed the special con- 
fidence and regard of the Commander-in- 
Chief Maximo Gomez, to such a degree 
that when Maceo was killed, he was se- 
lected to take Maceo 's place in command 
of the forces in the West. For this duty 
Gomez began to organize a force of volun- 
teers, but so numerous were these that the 
mandate was recalled, the Commander-in- 
Chief fearing that his army would be 
weakened and he himself be deprived of 
an indispensable associate. During these 


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133 


strenuous times Gomez lived a life of in- 
cessant toil and combat — at one period, 
during General Weyler's campaign in the 
Sancti Spiritus region, fighting no fewer 
than seventeen minor engagements in one 
day. 

It was General Gomez ' good fortune in all 
these combats, great and small, never to 
have been defeated, though often engaged 
with much superior forces of the enemy 
and on one occasion, when the force at his 
command amounted only to seventy men, 
taking captive no fewer than two hundred 
Spanish cavalry, men, horses, and equip- 
ment. 

At the close of the war, General Gomez 
was elected Representative to the famous 
Last Assembly of the Revolution which 
met first in Santa Cruz del Sur and later 
in the Cerro at Havana. He was also a 
member of the commission which was sent 
to Washington to obtain a settlement of 
the soldiers' claims for back pay, his asso- 
ciates being Generals Calixto Garcia, Gon- 
zalez Lanuza, Villalon and Sanguily. In 
1898 he was appointed Governor of Las 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Villas, under the American Intervention, 
and was continued in the same office by 
the votes of his fellow-citizens at the elec- 
tion of iqoi. In 1905 he was the candidate 
of the Liberal party for the Presidency of 
the Republic but failed of election. Where- 
upon, after a visit to the United States, he 
devoted himself for a time to business in- 
terests, acting as head of the Silveira Sugar 
Co. 

When the Revolution of 1906 occurred 
Gomez was arrested and placed under in- 
dictment, but was released at the order of 
the American Commissioners, Taft and 
Bacon. General Gomez now devoted him- 
self to politics; he was again nominated 
for the Presidency by the Liberal-Historical 
party which fused with the old Liberal 
party and elected its candidate in 1908. 

The administration of General Gomez 
(1909-19 1 3) was marked by many achieve- 
ments, among which was the reorganization 
of the army, the increase of the national 
marine, the improvement of the ports, 
roads, and bridges, the construction of rail- 
ways, the improvement of the condition of 


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135 


the workingmen, and the enlargement of 
the public schools. 

Following the election in 191 2 of General 
Menocal, candidate of the Conservative 
party, General Gomez made an extended 
visit to Europe, and on his return abstained 
from politics until the Presidential election 
of 19 16 when he gave his utmost efforts to 
secure the election of Alfredo Zayas. On 
the defeat of Zayas in a disputed election, 
there were various disorders which grew 
to the proportions of a revolution in which 
General Gomez became involved and in 
February, 191 7, he was seized and impris- 
oned for a brief period after which he 
retired to the United States. 




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L L E S 


137 


FERNANDO LLES 

Writer; editor; poet. 

Fernando Lles was born in Ceiba 
Mocha, Province of Matanzas, on the 
thirty-first of August, 1882, but received 
his early education in Spain where he was 
taken by his parents when he was only four 
years old. When he was twelve he returned 
to Cuba and set to work to gain an educa- 
tion which should be broad and sound in 
spite of its irregularity of method. Re- 
solving to remedy the casual nature of his 
educational training by sustained methodi- 
cal study, Lies obtained in 19 18 the Bache- 
lor's degree in the Institute of Matanzas. 

From a very early age Lies felt drawn to 
letters and particularly to poetry. He 
founded and edited two magazines, Alma 
Latina and Matanzas, both of which had an 
interesting though brief career. In 1909 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




and 1 910 he was the editor of the daily 
paper Heraldo de Matanzas; from 19 10 to 

191 7 he was editor of El Impartial and in 

1918 took charge of El Jejen, all published 
in Matanzas. 

Lies has gained a very creditable reputa- 
tion as an editor and journalist, but he has 
won greater distinction in the higher field 
of poetry in which he has produced a con- 
siderable body of work characterized by 
faultless form and a genuine lyric note. In 
association with his brother Francisco he 
has issued three volumes of verse: Crepus- 
culos, in 1909; Sol de invierno, in 1910, and 
Limoneros en flor, in 191 1, in addition to 
which he has collected a volume of his 
fugitive poems entitled A or Mas del Pireo, 
inspired by aspects of ancient Greece. 

• 


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E S C 0 T 0 


139 


JOSE AUGUSTO ESCOTO 

Librarian; writer; editor. 

Jose Augusto Escoto was born on the 
twenty -fourth of January, 1864, in Matan- 
zas, and gained his early education in his 
native town where he pursued the studies 
leading to the Bachelor's degree, but failed 
to obtain it there, because the Institute of 
Matanzas like others throughout the Island 
had been suppressed by the Spanish au- 
thorities; but he received the degree in 
1880 from the Institute of Havana. In 
the same year he entered upon the study 
of Medicine but soon abandoned it to 
follow the stronger interest in literature 
and criticism. 

The twenty years between 1880 and 
1900 Escoto devoted to research — investi- 
gating and accumulating material on the 
history and literature of Cuba, cooperating 




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in his labors with the distinguished Cuban 
scholars, Jose Sil verio Jorrin, Vidal Morales, 
and Manuel Villanueva. 

In 1900 he succeeded Carlos M. Trelles 
as Librarian of the Public Library of Ma- 
tanzas and has continued in that post until 
to-day. During this period, the second 
epoch of his life, Escoto has brought to 
fruition the results of his research in the 
earlier years and has published numerous 
articles and pamphlets in the field of Cuban 
history. In 191 1 he produced an extensive 
biography of the famous Cuban poetess, de 
Avellaneda — entitled Gertrudis Gomez de 
Avellaneda: cartas ineditas y documentos, 
185Q a 1864. 

In 19 16 Escoto began to issue his maga- 
zine Revista historica, crttica y bibliogrdfica 
de la literatura cubana, which, though only 
four numbers appeared, constituted a 
positive contribution to Cuban history 
and letters. 

In 191 7 Escoto was awarded the prize 
offered by the Franciscan Order in Cuba 
in a literary contest with his essay entitled 
Contribution al estudio de la Primer a Or den 


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141 


Franciscana en Cuba. And he is at present 
bringing to completion the critical edition of 
the works of the poet Jose Jacinto Milanes 
which is being published in accordance with 
the vote of the Congress of Cuba. 




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Juan Santos Fernandez 



SANTOS FERNANDEZ 


H3 


JUAN SANTOS FERNANDEZ 

Physician; ophthalmolo- 
gist; publicist. 

Juan Santos Fernandez was born on 
the twenty-second of June, 1847, a "t "At- 
revido" the estate of his maternal grand- 
father in the town of Alaeranes, Province 
of Matanzas. 

He began his studies at the Colegio of 
Belen in Havana where he gained the 
Bachelor's degree and entered the Univer- 
sity of Havana. He remained there, how- 
ever, only two years, passing to Madrid 
where, in June, 1872, he received the degree 
of Licentiate in Medicine and two years 
later at Barcelona that of Doctor. 

His devotion to Ophthalmology was 
apparent during his university days and 
has remained the central interest in his life. 
From Spain he went to Paris where he 
gave special study to his chosen subject 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




until 1875 in Dr. Xavier Galezowski's 
clinic for diseases of the eye. In 1875 he 
established himself in Havana and founded 
the Cronica Medico -Quirurgica de la Habana 
which is the oldest magazine of the city. 
In 1887 with the aid of colleagues he 
founded the Laboratorio Histo-Bacterio- 
logico y de Vacunacion Antirrabica which 
has rendered important scientific service 
and has passed its twenty-fifth year, which 
was celebrated in a special number of the 
Cronica Medico-Quirurgica de la Habana. 

Dr. Fernandez has devoted his energies 
to the medical Press and the Academies. 
His publications have been very numerous. 
More than sixteen hundred contributions, 
containing many annotations and descrip- 
tions, constitute the record and these con- 
tain details of no fewer than sixty thousand 
cases, i. e., clinical histories of individuals. 
So that it might be said that no physician 
has published more cases in Spanish. 

In October, 1909, Dr. Fernandez was 
invited by the American Academy of 
Ophthalmology to read a paper on his 
specialty and to receive the title of Honor- 


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145 


ary Member. On his return to Cuba the 
Academy of Sciences of Havana, as a sign 
of its admiration and esteem, devoted a 
special session to his honor and placed his 
portrait in its halls. 

In 191 2 he was chosen to preside at the 
Pan-American Congress held at Havana; 
he is President of the Academy of Sciences 
and also of the Ateneo y Circulo of Havana. 




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V E N T 0 


H7 


RAFAEL PEREZ VENTO Y NIN 

Physician; teacher; writer. 

Rafael Perez Vento y Nix was born 
on the twenty-first of October, 1875, in the 
town of Guanabacoa. His education was 
gained partly in Havana, partly in Madrid, 
and partly in Paris, and he holds the degree 
of Doctor in Medicine and Surgery. 

He served for a time as Physician of the 
Hospital of Mercedes and Number One. 
He won in competitive examination the 
post of Professor of Physiology, etc., in the 
Faculty of Medicine of the University of 
Havana and has continued to occupy it. 
Meantime he has contributed many 
articles on his special subject to profes- 
sional journals and has published: Eoja$ 
Fisiologicas, 19 14; Hojas Neurol 6 gicas y 
Mentales, 19 16. 




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BARRERAS 


149 


ALBERTO BARRERAS FERNANDEZ 

Soldier; educator; administrator , 

Alberto Barreras Fernandez was 
born on the twenty-seventh of February, 
1870, in Havana and there obtained his 
education, pursuing the courses leading 
to the Bachelor's degree in the Jesuit 
CoJegio of Belen and continuing the study 
of law, though not completing the course, 
in the University. 

During the War of Independence he 
was imprisoned for conspiring against the 
Spanish rule and in favor of Cuban liberty, 
and was later expelled from Cuba. Where- 
upon he gave himself to organizing revo- 
lutionary clubs in the United States and 
Mexico, devoting his energy particularly 
to providing resources for the Cuban army 
and to the propaganda of emancipation. 

In 1897 he joined a military expedition 




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which reached the coast of Cuba on the 
ship Dauntless and disembarked there 
under the command of Major Luis Rodolfo 
Miranda. His services in the war gained 
him the rank of Major. 

At the close of the war he continued in 
government service and on the third of 
January, 1899, was appointed Secretary 
of the Board of Education for Havana. 
His duties began with the organization of 
education in Cuba, and he had a share in 
all the early stages, being entrusted with 
special duties of importance. This post he 
held until the eighth of October, 1908, when 
he was appointed Secretary of the Govern- 
ment of the Province of Havana under 
Governor Asbert, and filled the duties of 
this office until the sixth of April, 191 3. 
Meantime in the elections of the first of 
November, i9i2,he had been chosen Repre- 
sentative from the Province of Havana 
and he entered upon the duties of his new 
office on the seventh of April, 1 9 1 3 . In the 
House of Representatives he was elected 
Secretary of the House and held this posi- 
tion until the twenty -ninth of July, 19 14, 


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151 


continuing as Representative until the 
first of April, 191 7. 

In November, 191 6, he was the Liberal 
Candidate for Governor of the Province of 
Havana, and is said to have been elected 
by a great majority. Under the law the 
successful candidate should have taken 
possession of his office on the twenty- 
fourth of February, 191 7, but the govern- 
ment then in power, belonging to the party 
to which Barreras had been opposed in the 
elections, prevented him from doing so and 
imprisoned him until the thirtieth of June, 
and then, on setting him at liberty, under 
a fine of $10,000, charged that he had in 
effect resigned his office by not taking 
possession of it at the time designated — at 
which time he was in jail, imprisoned in the 
cells of the Cabana. In the spring of 
19 19, under authorization of the Courts, 
he entered into his office of Governor. 




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D E JUSTIZ 


153 


TOMAS JUAN DE JUSTIZ Y DEL 
VALLE 

Teacher; writer. 

Tomas Juan de Justiz y del Valle was 
born in Santiago de Cuba on the twelfth 
of July, 1871. 

He gained his degree of Doctor in Philos- 
ophy and Letters and the secondary degree 
of Licentiate in Law at the University of 
Havana where he taught for a time as 
auxiliary Professor of Universal History. 
He is now Professor of Geography and 
Universal History in the Institute of Ha- 
vana. In the Summer Sessions he has 
been Lecturer on the History of Cuba, and 
General Geography. 

He has been active as a journalist as well 
as a teacher, serving as editor and contri- 
butor to various papers, and is now one of 
the editors of La Noche. 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




For a time he served as Secretary and 
Director of the Ateneo y Circulo of Havana 
and is the author of: lExiste una Liter a- 
tura Cubana? — Thesis for the Doctor's 
degree, Havana, 1900; Carcajadas y sollo- 
zos, a novel, Havana, 1906; Ultima es- 
peranza, a comedy, Havana, 19 10; La 
Victima, a comedy, Havana, 191 1; El 
Suicida, a novel, Havana, 191 2; Terrible 
Sanidad, a comedy, Havana, 191 5; His- 
toric!, Universal, Havana, 1916. 


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155 


JULIO BLANCO HERRERA 

Man of affairs. 

Julio Blanco Herrera was born on 
the twentieth of December, 1881, in Ha- 
vana. His early education he gained at 
the church schools of Guanabacoa, and 
later went to France where he entered 
the School of Commerce of Paris. 

On returning to Cuba he entered the 
commercial field, joining the staff of the 
firm of ship-owners Empresa Naviera de 
Sobrinos de Herrera, of which his father 
was the manager. In 1903 he became head 
of the firm, and remained in charge until 
19 14 when he became head of the Nueva 
Fdbrica de Hielo, S. A. 

Sefior Herrera has traveled widely and 
in 191 1 made a tour of the world. 

He is prominent in Havana Society, 
being a member of many clubs, and is one 
of the Directors of the Chamber of Com- 
merce, Industry, and Navigation. 




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BUST AM ANTE 


157 


MARIO MUNOZ BUSTAMANTE 

Writer; official. 

Mario Munoz Bustamaxte y Medina 
was born in Havana on the third of July, 
1 88 1. He gained his education by his 
personal efforts without attending college 
or university. 

He has an official position as Chief Clerk 
of the Republic of Cuba. But his active 
career has been that of a writer, first in 
journalism where he has served as editor 
or contributor to nearly all the papers and 
periodicals of Havana, and later in more 
sustained efforts in biography and fiction. 

He is the author of: Cronicas Humanas, 
Habana, 1905; El Pantano, Satire. Habana, 
1905; Ideas y Colores, Habana, 1907; El 
General Mario G. Menocal, tercer Presi- 
dente de la Republic a de Cuba, Habana, 
1913; Rimas de Gozo, Habana, 1915. 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




In preparation: Oro Viejo, a history 
of the Spanish conquerors of America. 

At the foundation of the Academy of 
Arts and Letters he was made one of the 
original members. 


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D E ARMAS 


159 


RODOLFO RODRIGUEZ DE ARMAS 

Scholar; teacher; publicist. 

Rodolfo Rodriguez de Armas was 
born on the fourth of February, 1874, in 
Havana, and gained part of his education 
in the city of his birth. In the year 1891 
he became editor of the Revista Universi- 
taria, and in the following year edited also 
El Centenario en la Habana. He served 
for a time as Professor of Latin Grammar 
and of Spanish Grammar and Literature 
in the Institute of Pinar del Rio, and won 
the following degrees — Doctor in Philo- 
sophy and Letters and Licentiate in Law. 

In 1898 he went as Deputy for Havana to 
the Spanish Cortes where he urged that a 
sweeping autonomy be granted to Cuba, and 
later besought the Spanish government to 
authorize the execution of the Treaty of Paris 
with the United States, maintaining that it 
was the duty of Spain to assure the recog- 
nition of Cuba as an independent nation. 




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In 1900 he edited La U nion Democrdtica 
in Pinar del Rio. 

In 1909 he was official Delegate of Cuba 
in the Third International Conference on 
Maritime Law at Brussels where he con- 
tributed to the discussion of the rules upon 
Boarding, Salvage, and Responsibility, the 
application of which might be of great 
benefit by preventing much litigation. 

He is Professor of Geography and Uni- 
versal History in the Institute of Havana; 
President of the Section of History in the 
Sociedad Economica de Amigos del Pais; 
Member of the Academy of History of 
Cuba and also Librarian. 

He has published : Las hermanas Rossell, 
novela, Habana, 1908; La revolution re- 
ligiosa del siglo XVI, Habana, 1909; La 
Tercera Conferencia International de De- 
recho Maritinio, Habana, 19 10; Maria 
Juana, drama, Habana, 191 0; Cur so de 
Historia Universal.. 3 vols. Habana, 191 5; 
Salvada del abisnto, drama, Habana, 1916. 

In preparation: Critica liter aria; Es- 
tudios historicos; Discursos y conferencias. 


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CARBONELL 


161 


LUIS GARCIA CARBONELL 

Meteorologist. 

Luis Garcia Carbonell was born in 
Los Palos, Province of Havana, on the 
tenth of October, 1840. He took his early 
studies in the Colegio of Don Joaquin An- 
dres de Dueflas in Havana, but while still 
very young went to Spain to fit himself for 
a naval career. There he entered the Naval 
School of San Fernando in Cadiz where he 
graduated in 1857 as a Marine guard. 

He sailed until 1875 on various ships 
and on many seas, being in charge of navi- 
gation or actually navigating officer of 
several vessels. From 1875 until 1893, 
when he requested and obtained his dis- 
charge from the service, he was employed 
in the Captaincy of the Port of Havana 
and in the Naval Station. 

In the year 1899 he established for the 




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Spanish Marine the meteorological service 
of the Antilles by which he gained the rank 
of Frigate Captain with which he retired. 

When the Spanish rule in Cuba ceased, 
Carbonell was appointed by the U. S. 
Government, Assistant in the Weather 
Bureau of the Antilles, with headquarters 
at Havana. On the establishment of the 
Republic in 1902, he was called upon by the 
Secretary of Agriculture to take charge of 
the service of climatology and crops which 
the Intervention government handed over 
to Cuba. 

In 1905 he was placed in charge of the 
Meteorological Service by which he became 
Director of the National Observatory, and 
this he inaugurated on the spot which it 
now occupies in the Loma de Casa Blanca, 
of which the exact geographical position 
is: Latitude 20°, g' N. Y.; Longitude 5 h. 
29 m 23.4 sec. W. of the Meridian of 
Greenwich. 


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ANDRE 


163 


ARMANDO ANDRE ALVARADO 

Soldier; official; Direc- 
tor of Subsistence. 

Armando Andre Alvarado was born 
in Key West, Florida, on the first of May, 
1872. In 1892, when he was twenty years 
old, he joined the Cuban revolution in the 
Province of Matanzas, attaching himself to 
the staff of General Antonio Maceo. Under 
the orders of General Maceo he came to 
Havana and carried out daring projects 
including a visitation on General Valer- 
iano Weyler in the very palace in the Plaza 
de Armas which is now occupied by the 
President of the Republic. He operated 
later in the Province of Havana with 
Generals Delgado and Castillo. 

In 1892 he was sent to the United States 
under orders from General Castillo to con- 
duct an expedition and obtain materials of 
war. This commission he fulfilled within a 




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month, landing at the mouth of the River 
Mosquito (near Mariel) with all the mem- 
bers of the expedition, twenty in number, 
and the materials safe. At the end of the 
war his services had won for him the rank 
of Major. 

He became an officer of Police in Havana 
and was entrusted with confidential duties 
in the administration of President Palma. 
He fought during the Revolution of Au- 
gust, 1906, at the head of a mobile force. 

In 191 1 he was elected Representative 
on the Conservative ticket, for the term 
ending in 191 5. He has twice been candi- 
date for Governor of the Province of 
Havana and has been President of the 
Conservative party in the Province and 
Political Editor of El Dia. 

In April, 1913, he was elected President 
of the Commission for the examination of 
the National Accounts and the verification 
and inspection of the National Debt. 

On the entrance of Cuba into the War 
in 191 7 Senor Andre was appointed Direc- 
tor de Subsistencias. 


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CARRICARTE 


165 


ARTURO R. DE CARRICARTE Y DE 
ARMAS 

Editor; author; official. 

ARTURO R. DE CARRICARTE Y DE ARMAS 

was born on the sixth of November, 1880, 
in Havana and received his early education 
at home under the instruction of a noted 
teacher and writer, Doctor Esteban Borrero 
Echevarria. In 1894 he gained the degree 
of Bachelor of Science and Letters and 
thereafter pursued for three years the 
Medical course. In 1900 he won the rank 
of Professor in competitive examination, 
being one of eleven successful out of a 
total number of a hundred and five com- 
petitors. 

In 1902 he resigned his professorship and 
went to Mexico where he engaged in liter- 
ary work which occupied him either in 
Cuba or in Mexico until 1909 when he 




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entered the Consular service and was 
stationed at Montevideo, Uruguay. 

In 191 1 he resigned his consulship at 
Montevideo and was appointed Chief 
Clerk to the Secretary of Gobernacion from 
which post he resigned in 19 13. In 19 16 
he was appointed Chief Clerk of the Senate 
where he continues. 

Senor Carricarte's life has been chiefly 
lived in his literary work which he began 
at an early age, having founded when he 
was sixteen the Revista Habanera a stu- 
dents' magazine. In 1904 he founded the 
weekly journal Helios at Marianao and in 
1906 in Vera Cruz, Mexico, the Revista 
Critic a. 

In 1907 he served as city Editor of the 
Spanish edition of the Havana Post and also 
edited the art journal El Mundo Artistico. 
He has been a member of the staff of Azul 
y Rojo, El Figaro, and El Triunfo of which 
last he has been editorial writer for eight 
years. He has also contributed to the 
principal magazines of Cuba and written 
reviews for the Diario de la Marina. 

In 1906 he founded the Asociacion 


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CARRICARTE 


167 


Liter aria International Americana which 
he served as President and which included 
among its members, Jesus Castellanos, 
Miguel de Carrion, Max Henri quez Urefia, 
etc. In 1908 he was crowned in the Ateneo 
of Havana for his critical study on the 
Caracteres predominates de la actual lirica 
Castellan a. He is an Honorary Member 
of the Ateneo of Salvador, and a Corre- 
sponding Member of the Academias de 
Ciencia, Letras y Artes of Salvador, of the 
Academia Emilio Castelar of Mexico, of the 
Sociedad de Escritores y Artistas of Porto 
Rico, etc. 

He is the author of: Siluetas Pedagogicas, 
Habana, 1903; Noche Trdgica, no vela, 
Habana, 1903; La Novela en Cuba, articulo, 
Febrero, 1907; El nacionalismo en America, 
articulo, Montevideo, 1909; Un Centenario, 
Habana, 1914; Historia de un vencido, 
novela, Habana, 19 14; La Novela en Cuba, 
two vols.; Balance Liter ario de Cuba en 
1915, 1916. 




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BARALT 


169 


BLANCHE ZACHARIE DE BARALT 

Lecturer; writer. 

Blanche Zacharie was born in New 
York on the seventeenth of March, 1866, 
but spent most of her childhood in Paris 
where she obtained her early education. 
On returning to the United States, she 
entered the Packer Collegiate Institute of 
Brooklyn where she graduated and after- 
wards continued her studies, particularly 
in music, which she pursued under the 
best masters for several years. 

After her marriage to Dr. Baralt (q. v.) 
she continued to live in New York, occu- 
pied chiefly in literary work, until 1900 
when her husband fixed his residence in 
Havana and where husband and wife have 
had an active literary career. In 1902 she 
obtained the degree of Doctora in Philoso- 
phy and Letters. 




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She has lectured widely, both in Cuba, 
France, and the United States, having 
spoken at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes 
Sociales de Paris, Columbia University, 
and Wellesley, Vassar, and Wells Colleges 
in the United States, besides the Ateneo in 
Havana. She has contributed to many 
newspapers and periodicals, particularly 
the Diario de la Marina and El Figaro of 
Havana. 

When the war broke out Doctora Ba- 
ralt associated herself with Seriora Mari- 
ana Seva de Menocal in organizing the 
Cuban Red Cross of which she was Vice- 
President. 

She is the author of: Gertrudis Gomez de 
Avellaneda (article in Werner's Magazine, 
N. Y., 1898); Conferencia en el Ateneo de la 
Habana, 1909; Estudios de Arte y de Vida, 
Paris, 1914. 


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MORALES 


171 


MODESTO MORALES DIAZ 

Jo urnalist. 

Modesto Morales Diaz was born in 
the city of Sancti Spiritus, Province of 
Santa Clara, on the twentieth of April, 1871, 
while the Ten Years' War was still raging. 
He obtained his education in his native 
place, which at that time possessed excellent 
primary and secondary schools, and entered 
at an early age upon the journalistic pro- 
fession to which he has devoted himself. 
His first work was done on the staff of El 
FeniXj the oldest newspaper of the prov- 
ince, which he served first as reporter and 
later as editor and to which he has con- 
tinued to contribute. 

In his youth he took an active part in 
the Autonomist party and was zealous in 
organizing the Young Liberals. When the 




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Revolution broke out in 1895 he was an 
energetic agent in the revolutionary or- 
ganization, while acting at the same time 
as a correspondent of La Discusion (of 
Havana), and was deported from Sancti 
Spiritus, in company with other ardent- 
Cubans of the town, by the Spanish Gen- 
eral Pin. Whereupon he took up his resi- 
dence in Havana and joined the staff 
of La Discusion on which he continued 
until it was suppressed by the Spanish 
authorities. 

On the foundation of the Republic (in 
1902) he became one of the editors of La 
Lucha and remained on its staff until 1907 
when he cooperated with General Jose 
Miguel Gomez in founding the newspaper 
El Triunfo, of which he is now the sole 
proprietor and in which he maintains the 
lofty ideals and democratic principles of 
the Liberal party. 

Although he has had a prominent part 
in political affairs, being one of the original 
organizers of the National party in Cuba 
and active later in uniting the elements 
which supported and elected General 


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MORALES 


173 


Gomez, Sr. Diaz has never held office, 
either National, Provincial, or Municipal. 
His sole ambition is centered in the ideals 
of journalism. 




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ROM AN ACH 


175 


LEOPOLDO ROMANACH 

Painter. 

Leopoldo Romanach was born in 1869 
in Sierra Morena, Province of Santa Clara, 
but was educated in Spain, whence he re- 
turned as a youth, resolved to be a painter, 
and began to paint without instruction. 

Sometime later the Provincial Assembly 
of Santa Clara granted him a pension to 
enable him to go to Italy to study. There 
he remained five years and received much 
instruction from the distinguished master, 
Professor Filippi Prosperi, Director of the 
Institute of Fine Arts of Rome. 

At the outbreak of the War of Independ- 
ence in 1895 he lost his pension and went 
then to the United States where he lived 
by his brush until 1900 in which year he 
returned to Havana. His return was sig- 
nalized by an exhibition of his paintings 




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and his appointment as Professor of Color 
in the Academy of Havana, a post which 
he still holds. 

Sr. Romanach has exhibited at the 
World's Fairs of Paris in 1902, of Buffalo 
in 1903, of Charleston in the same year, of 
St. Louis in 1904, of Havana in 191 1. and 
of San Francisco in 19 16. In the Havana 
Exposition he was awarded the First Prize 
(Gran Premio) and in that of San Fran- 
cisco a Medal of Honor. In the earlier 
Expositions he was awarded two gold 
medals, one of silver, and one of bronze. 

Among Sr. Romanach 's works are: 
Convaleciente, Abandonada, Un nido de 
miser ia, La promesa, Cumpliendo el voto, 
Juventud, Mis modelos, Rincon de estudios, 
Segoviana, Viejo rezando, Segadora, Vende- 
dora de naranjas, Luisete, Viejo fumamdo, 
Gitana, Madrilena, Sonadora, Contraste. 

In addition to these he has produced 
various decorative panels, a triptich repre- 
senting Agriculture, and a historical paint- 
ing El Toso de los Laureles y la Ultima 
Prenda which obtained the Medal of Honor 
at the San Francisco Exposition. 


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ROBERTS 


177 


HUGO ROBERTS 

Doctor; soldier; scientist; 
administrator. 

Hugo Roberts was born in Trinidad on 
the twentieth of July, 1868. He received 
his early education in Madrid but later 
came to Havana where he completed the 
studies for the Bachelor's degree in the 
Institute and, proceeding to the Univer- 
sity, obtained the degree of Doctor of 
Medicine in 1891. 

He was occupied in the practice of his 
profession and as Medical Advisor of the 
Compama Transatlantica Espanola until 
the year 1895 when, on the outbreak of the 
War of Independence, he threw himself 
into the struggle and joined the forces of 
General Antonio Maceo under whom he 
served and who made him Surgeon at his 
Headquarters. When Generals Gomez and 
Maceo organized the column of invasion in 




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the Eastern provinces to carry the war into 
the western part of the Island, Dr. Roberts 
was made Surgeon General of the invading 
forces, a difficult and dangerous post which 
put to the test at once his personal valor, 
his patriotism, his energy, and his quality 
as a man of science. In the course of duty 
he was severely wounded in the battle of 
San Gabriel de Lombillo; nevertheless he 
finished the campaign, gaining promotion 
from rank to rank solely by his personal 
merits and ended the war with the rank of 
Brigadier General. 

In 1898 he was delegated from the Sixth 
Corps of the Army to the Assembly of 
Santa Cruz del Sur, and in 1901 he served 
as Alternate in the Constitutional Con- 
vention which drew up the fundamental 
code of the Republic. 

During the first American Intervention 
Dr. Roberts was appointed Surgeon to the 
Havana Police force; later he was made 
first surgeon of the Port of Havana and 
on September 1, 1902, he was named Chief 
of the Quarantine service — a post which he 
still occupies. 


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ROBERTS 


179 


Along with Doctors Guiteras, Agra- 
monte, Barnet, and Lopez del Valle, Doctor 
Roberts was one of the most effective 
co -laborers in the work initiated under the 
American Intervention for the public 
health of Cuba, as he has been one of the 
ablest of those who have maintained the 
sanitary policy then adopted. 

Dr. Roberts was Delegate of the Cuban 
Government to the Exposition in St. Louis 
(1904) and to the Pan-American Health 
Conventions in Mexico (1907), Costa 
Rica (1909), and Santiago de Chile (191 1). 

He was also Acting President of the 
National Red Cross Society of Cuba; and 
at present is a Member of the National 
Board of Health; Member of Special Com- 
mission of Infectious Diseases and also 
Member of the Bureau of American Re- 
publics in Washington. 

He is author of several scientific works 
on Medical and Sanitary matters and also 
inventor of an apparatus for generating and 
injecting hydrocyanic acid gas, which is 
employed to advantage by the Sanitary 
Department for the destruction of all kinds 




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of vermin. This apparatus was awarded 
a Gold Medal in the International Ex- 
position of San Francisco, California, in 
1915, and was also awarded a prize by the 
Third National Medical Congress held in 
Havana in December, 19 14. 

• 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



Fernando Freyre de Andrade 



FREYRE DE ANDRADE 


181 


FERNANDO FREYRE DE ANDRADE 

Lawyer; soldier; magis- 
trate; administrator. 

Sex or Freyre de Axdrade was born 
in the city of Havana on the tenth of Sep- 
tember, 1863. His early studies were pur- 
sued in Havana in the Colegios of Carcases 
and of Don Jose Alonso Delgado, w T here he 
completed the courses leading to the Bache- 
lor's degree, going thence to the Universi- 
ties of Havana and Madrid to continue his 
studies in the Law in which he graduated 
from Havana in 1885. 

In 1890 he was made substitute Prosecut- 
ing Attorney of the Audiencia of Havana, 
in 1894 he was made substitute Magistrate, 
and during the same period he acted as 
Secretary and Counsel of the Casa de 
Beneficencia y Mater nidad. 

When the War of Independence broke 




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out Senor Freyre de Andrade left Cuba and 
went to the United States where in due 
course he placed himself under the direc- 
tion of Tomas Estrada Palma who was 
guiding the Revolutionary forces in New 
York. He embarked on the third expedi- 
tion of the Dauntless landing in Rio Hondo 
de San Juan on the thirteenth of October, 
1896. He then served under General 
Maximo Gomez who placed him in com- 
mand of his Cavalry. In the same year 
the Council of Government named him 
Auditor General of the Army Legal Staff 
attached to General Headquarters. In 
September, 1897, he was elected Represen- 
tative of the Fifth Army Corps in the 
Second Legislative Assembly of the Rev- 
olution which met at Yaya, Camaguey. 
At the close of the Assembly the Council 
appointed him chief of the Military Legal 
Staff with the rank of Brigadier General, 
and at the end of the war he was elected 
to represent the Fifth Army Corps in the 
last Assembly of the Revolution which 
met, first in Santa Cruz del Sur and later 
in Cerro in Havana — of which Assembly 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



FREYRE DE ANDRADE 


183 


he was elected alternate President with 
General Capote. 

When the legal division of the Govern- 
ment was organized under the x\merican 
Intervention, Freyre de Andrade was made 
Magistrate of the Audiencia of Havana. 
Later General Wood appointed him Prose- 
cuting Attorney (Fiscal) of the Audiencia, 
and when the Republic was constituted 
President Palma appointed him Fiscal of 
the Supreme Court. This office he resigned 
to become Secretary of Gobernacion in 
1905. In the same year he was elected 
Representative and was also chosen Presi- 
dent of the House of Representatives where 
he continued until Governor Magoon, at 
the second American Intervention, sus- 
pended the functions of Congress. 

General Freyre de Andrade was one of 
the founders of the Republican party. 
For a period he abstained from politics on 
account of his duties as Magistrate, but 
after becoming Secretary of Gobernacion 
he took part in the activities of the 
Moderate party as long as it survived, 
whereupon he shared in organizing the 




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Conservative party with which he remains 
allied. 

In 191 2 he was elected Mayor (alcalde 
Municipal) of Havana and occupied the 
office until 19 16 when he retired before the 
end of his term on account of illness. 


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Z E Q U E I R A 


185 


SERGIO CUEVAS ZEQUEIRA 

Teacher; orator; publicist. 

Sergio Cuevas Zequeira was born on 
the thirty-first of January, 1863, in the city 
of San Juan de Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico) , 
and there, in the Colegio of the Society of 
Jesus, he obtained his early education and 
received the Bachelor's degree. He then 
devoted himself to the teaching profession 
and by competitive examination gained a 
position in the city schools of Ponce (Puerto 
Rico). In 1887 the Spanish Governor 
General, D. Romualdo Palacios, threatened 
him with deprivation of office unless he 
would renounce his Autonomist opinions. 
Thereupon Cuevas Zequeira resigned his 
post, left Ponce and went to Mayaguez 
where the Society for the Propagation of 
the Faith entrusted him with the charge 
of El Liceo, a school of primary and second- 




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ary education where he continued for three 
years. 

Stirred by the spirit of enterprise he left 
his native country and set off to make a 
career in Cuba. Going to Havana he 
entered the University and there, having 
gained the degree of Doctor in Philosophy 
and Letters, he obtained the position of 
acting-Professor of the History of Spain. 
At the close of the Spanish-American War 
he returned to Puerto Rico to accept the 
post of Professor of Philosophy, Logic, and 
Ethics in the Provincial Institute there. 

In 1900 he returned to Cuba, seeking 
an ampler field for his energies than he 
could find in his native island, and entering 
the competitive examination, he won, by 
the unanimous vote of the committee of 
judges, an Auxiliary Professorship in the 
school of Philosophy and Letters in the 
University. In fulfillment of this appoint- 
ment he acted as substitute for Dr. En- 
rique Jose Varona in the chair of Psychology, 
Morals, and Sociology while this distin- 
guished scholar was occupying the post 
of Secretary of Public Instruction in the 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



ZEQUEIRA 


187 


Cabinet. Later he had the chair of His- 
tory of Philosophy and has now been 
promoted to act definitively as Substitute 
Professor in the chair of Dr. Varona. 

Dr. Cuevas Zequeira has won distinc- 
tion in other fields — those of oratory and 
journalism. As an orator he became widely 
known in Puerto Rico, not only for political 
addresses but as a speaker in support of 
various good causes affecting patriotism 
and education. In Cuba he is President 
of the Society for advancing the Cuban 
Theater and is sought as a public speaker. 

Both in Puerto Rico and in Cuba Dr. 
Cuevas Zequeira has had an active jour- 
nalistic career. In Puerto Rico he founded 
and edited El Liceo and served on the edi- 
torial staffs of El Liberal, El Territorio and 
El Diario de Puerto Rico; in Cuba he has 
been an editor of El Mundo, La Republica 
Cubana, La Opinion Nacional and La 
Instruccion Primaria. He has served also 
as a member of the Provincial Council of 
Havana. 

Besides being a frequent contributor to 
periodicals, Dr. Cuevas Zequeira is the 




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author of: En la Contienda, a collection 
of political articles, Havana, 1901; El 
Padre Varela, Habana, 1906; Platicas 
Agridulces, satires, political and literary, 
Habana, 1906; William James y pragma- 
tismo, a lecture, 19 14; La Revolution de 
Vara, a lecture, 191 5. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



BARALT 



LUIS A. BARALT Y PEOLI 

Educator; writer; lecturer; 
physician; diplomat. 

Luis A. Basalt y Peoli was born in 
Santiago de Cuba, on the first of October, 
1S49. Having received his early education 
there, he soon went to Matanzas where he 
continued his studies at "La Empresa," 
Antonio Guiteras's famous school. Having 
returned to Santiago de Cuba, he studied 
at the Institute of that City. 

During his five years at this institution, 
from which he graduated a Bachelor, he 
earned his tuition by scholarships awarded 
for excellence in his work. In his eight- 
eenth year he set sail from Santiago de 
Cuba to Xew York where he studied at 
Bellevue Hospital, and became a Doctor 
in Medicine. He practiced this profession 
for several years with success, but for 



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vocational reasons discontinued his prac- 
tice and devoted his attention to journalism, 
art, and education. He was for several years 
special dramatic critic for The World of 
New York. In the eighties Doctor Baralt 
became the center of an artistic and literary 
movement, which took concrete form in 
the " Society for Harmonious Culture," 
of which he was founder and President. 

At the time of the Cuban War of Inde- 
pendence Doctor Baralt collaborated suc- 
cessfully with the Revolutionary Junta 
of New York in the work of raising funds 
for the cause of Cuban freedom. 

He was for some time Professor of Span- 
ish at Columbia University and for fifteen 
years Special Instructor in the same subject 
at the College of the City of New York. 

When the Spanish domination ceased, 
he immediately returned to his native land 
where he soon after won by competition a 
chair at the Institute of Havana as Pro- 
fessor of English. 

Since returning to Cuba, Doctor Baralt 
has devoted most of his time and efforts 
to the study of Education; has been the 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



BARALT 


191 


leader or inspirer of several movements 
for the betterment of public instruction in 
Cuba, and on two occasions has been sent 
to Europe to study educational methods 
there. The first time, in 1907, he traveled 
extensively through Europe and submitted 
to the government, on his return, an im- 
portant report on his investigations. The 
second time, in 191 2, he was a delegate of 
Cuba at the Pedological Congress held at 
Brussels. 

Besides innumerable articles, lectures, 
reports, etc., which Dr. Baralt has pub- 
lished in various periodicals, he is the 
author of two textbooks for the study of 
English and one for the study of Spanish, 
and also of a translation into Spanish verse 
and prose of Shakespeare's Hamlet. 

At present Dr. Baralt is Minister Pleni- 
potentiary and Envoy Extraordinary of 
Cuba at Lima, Peru. 

Publication: The Harmonic Method for 
Learning Spanish, New York, 1896. 




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CABRERA 


193 


RAIMUNDO CABRERA 

Lawyer; editor; author. 

Raimuxdo Cabrera was born in Ha- 
vana on the ninth of March, 1852, and 
received his early education in the schools 
for the poor in the town of Guines whence 
he passed, as a gratuitous pupil, to the 
Colegio of San Francisco of Asis completing 
there his course for the Bachelor's degree. 

From his boyhood he was involved in 
revolutionary activities against the Spanish 
rule and in 1869 he was indicted, con- 
demned, and confined upon the Isle of Pines. 
In 1872 he obtained permission from the 
Spanish authorities to be transferred to 
Seville where he was permitted to resume 
his studies at the University and obtained 
the degree of Licentiate and was admitted 
to practice in 1873. In the same year he 
returned to Cuba and entered upon the 




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practice of the law in Havana where he won 
early and notable success. 

When the Ten Years' War closed in 1878 
and the Autonomist party was formed 
Cabrera was one of its founders, organizing 
the local section in Guines. In 1879 the 
party elected him Provincial Deputy and 
at the same time made him Secretary of 
the Provincial Deputation of Havana, to 
both of which offices he was reelected in 
i88§ 

In Guines he founded the newspaper 
La Union which always maintained a high 
reputation and under the inspiration of 
Cabrera kept alive the fires of enthusiasm 
for liberal ideas. 

In 1890 the Central Board of the Autono- 
mist party presented him as a candidate 
for the office of Deputy in the Spanish 
Cortes and although he gained the majority 
of votes he was defeated through the high- 
handed procedures of the Spanish party. 
He never again sought public office. He 
had already lost confidence in any peaceful 
development of Cuba under the sover- 
eignty of Spain and when the Autonomist 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



CABRERA 


195 


party ceased to be the genuine representa- 
tive of the movement of protest against 
the oppression, Cabrera abandoned its 
ranks and withdrew from political life in 
1893. 

A few years earlier, in 1887, he had 
written, as a result of a controversy, a book 
which embodied the history and aspira- 
tions of the Cuban people of that time. 
Cuba y sus Jueces was the title of the work 
which ran through nine editions in a short 
time and was translated into English where 
it appeared as Cuba and the Cubans. 

At the beginning of the War of Inde- 
pendence in 1895, Cabrera emigrated to 
New York and founded the illustrated 
magazine Cuba and America. 

This magazine, which is still alive, soon 
gained a wide circulation and was the 
channel of a fearless campaign in support 
of the independence of Cuba. When peace 
was made Cabrera returned to Havana 
where, instead of seeking political office, to 
which both his deserts and his talents gave 
him high claims, he immersed himself in 
the practice of his profession as advocate. 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




On his return from New York he had 
continued publishing his magazine Cuba 
and America which has always been his 
pulpit from which he has made his in- 
fluence felt in the intellectual and political 
life of Cuba. 

The only public offices which Cabrera 
has held have been honorary. He has been : 

Member of the Local Board of Health; 
Member of the Provincial Board of Agri- 
cultural Industry and Commerce of Ha- 
vana; Vice-president ol the Patrons of the 
Home for Relief and Maternity {Casa de 
Beneficencia y Mater nidad). 

A great part of his life Cabrera is bound 
up with the Economic Society of the Friends 
of the Country (Socieded Economica de 
Amigos del Pais) which he served as Presi- 
dent of the Section of Education from 1898 
to 1 9 10 and of which he has been President 
since 19 10. 

In addition to ' Cuba y sus Jueces pub- 
lished in 1896 he is the author of a number 
of books among which are: Cuentos tnios, 
Havana, 1904; Cartas a Estevez, Havana, 
1906; La Casa de Beneficencia y la Sociedad 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



CABRERA 


197 


Economica, Havana, 19 14; Los Partidos 
ColonialeSj Havana, 19 14; Desde mi Sitio, 
1911; Episodios de la Guerra, Phila., 1898; 
Los Estados Unidos, 1890; Cartas a Govin, 
1892; La Exposition de Chicago, 1893; 
Juveniles, Poesias, 1907; Borrador de Viaje, 
191 1 ; Mediro Sigto, stories and a novel, 
1913; So moras que Pasan, a political novel, 
1 916; Ideal es, sequel to the foregoing, 
1 91 7; Sombra Etemas, sequel to the fore- 
going, 191 8; Mis buenos Tiempos, 1891. 




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VARONA 


199 


ENRIQUE JOSE VARONA Y PERA 

Man of letters; scholar; 
teacher; statesman. 

Enrique Jose Varona y Per a was 
born on the thirteenth of April, 1849, in 
Camagiiey, and there obtained his early 
education, later going on to Havana where 
he graduated from the University with the 
degree of Doctor of Philosophy and Letters. 
He embodied for his generation in Cuba the 
ideals and attainments of the classic type 
of the parent race. A poet in his youth, 
producing before he was yet twenty odes 
and lyrics of marked promise, he went on 
to achieve a notable place in the fields of 
scholarship, letters, and public affairs — 
the arenas in which the men of earlier 
generations in Spain were used to test their 

■nriwP'rc! a -n n ir\ PvTunif" tnpir injipntpripp fw 

UUWClo cLIlLKJL v\J CA111U1U L11CL1 llillCl 1 UdllUC Ul 

the Roman tradition. 

In all these fields Varona won distinc- 




HISPANIC NOTES 


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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




tion. The list of his published works is 
long and varied. He had written a volume 
of Anacreontic Odes before he was nineteen, 
ten years later he published a survey of the 
intellectual movement in America; in the 
following decade he was publishing philo- 
sophical studies; in the forties he was 
writing political tracts and later turned his 
attention to problems of education. 

The public life of Dr. Varona has been 
in entire accord with the best traditions of 
a University professor and a man of letters. 
For many years he has held the chair of 
Psychology, Moral Philosophy, and Sociol- 
ogy in the University. 

For a brief period he was one of the 
Cuban Deputies in the Spanish Cortes, 
and for more than two years he held office 
first as Secretary of Finance and after- 
wards as Secretary of Public Instruction 
during the first American Intervention. 
He was elected in 191 2 Vice-president of 
the Republic but at the end of his term 
retired to the academic and literary life 
which was more to his liking. He was 
President of the Anthropological Society 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



V ARON A 


201 


of Cuba and Vice-president of the Ateneo 
y Ctrculo of Havana. 

Dr. Varona was the editor of the Revista 
Cubana from 1885 to 1895 and later di- 
rected Patria the organ of the Revolution- 
ary party. Among his works are: Odas 
Anacreonticas (1868), Poesias (1878), Pa- 
isajes Cubanos (1879), La Metafisica en la 
Universidad de la Habana (1880), Estudios 
Liter arios y Filosoficos (1883), Los Cubanos 
en Cuba (1891), Cuba contra Espaila (1895), 
(translated into English, French, and 
Italian). Las Reformas de la Ensenanza 
Superior (1904), La Instruccion Publica en 
Cuba (1901), Nociones de Logic a (1902), 
Cur so de Psicologia (1 905-1908), Desde mi 
Belvadere (1907), Mirando en Torno (19 10), 
Sets Conferencias (1885), Confer encias 
sobre la Logica (1889), El Fundamento de la 
Moral (1903), Arttculos y Discursos (189 1), 
Violetas y Ortigas (191 7), Por Cuba, Dis- 
cursos (1918). 




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TRELLES 


203 


CARLOS M. TRELLES 

Scholar; bibliographer; 
patriot; man of letters. 

Carlos M. Trelles was born on the fif- 
teenth of February, 1866, in the city of 
Matanzas, "the Athens of Cuba," where 
he received his early education in Los 
X or males and La Union schools in which 
he came under the influence of the dis- 
tinguished scholar Dr. Carlos de la Torre. 
For his degree of Bachelor it was necessary 
for him to attend the Institute of Havana 
because the Spanish authorities had closed 
the doors of the Institute at Matanzas. 

In the same year in which he graduated 
(1880) he began the study of Medicine but 
four years later gave it up to enter a com- 
mercial career, which did not prevent him, 
however, from continuing in his devotion 
to Letters. By the year 1887 he began to 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




be recognized as a rising journalist; in 
1892 he was one of the influential writers 
in the Revista Cubana, then edited by Dr. 
Enrique Jose Varona, to which he contri- 
buted a series of articles on the United 
States as an intellectual power. 

In 1895 he issued a pamphlet widely 
read at the time, Cuba and America, in 
which he disclosed his separatist tendencies, 
and on the outbreak of the War of In- 
dependence Trelles began to take an active 
part in it, laboring to arouse the spirit of 
patriotism in Matanzas which had been 
beaten down in the disaster of Ibarra (Feb- 
ruary 24, 1895). So successful were his 
efforts that Estrada Palma, then directing 
the revolutionary propaganda from New 
York, designated him, together with other 
patriots, to form the Revolutionary Com- 
mittee of Matanzas, of which he continued 
to be the life and soul. 

In spite of the vigilance and persecuting 
zeal of the Spanish authorities, Trelles 
escaped to Tampa early in 1896 where he 
pursued his activities for the Revolution. 
He became a regular contributor to P atria, 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



TRELLES 


205 


the newspaper organ of the revolutionists 
then published in New York, contributing 
to its columns between eighty and a hun- 
dred propagandist articles, not ceasing 
meantime to contribute regularly to the 
pages of Cuba y A merica, the magazine 
which his compatriot Raimundo Cabrera 
was publishing in the same cause in the 
same city. 

In 1898, at the close of the war, Trelles 
returned to Cuba and organized in his 
native town the Public Library of Matan- 
zas of which he was the first librarian. It 
began with two thousand volumes and he 
was able when, at the end of ten months, 
he turned it over to his successor to deliver 
thirteen thousand volumes — a thing with- 
out parallel in the history of Cuban 
libraries. 

In 1900 he was selected to collect and 
organize the products and characteristic 
objects of the Province of Matanzas for 
exhibition at the Paris Exposition. He 
met with such a measure of success in this 
that he was commissioned to organize the 
Cuban section in the Exposition and was 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




later designated to write the official report 
on " Sugar and Tobacco at the Paris Ex- 
position" which appeared in 1901. 

On his return to Cuba, Trelles was 
elected Member of the Council of Ma- 
tanzas, but he soon discovered that he 
had no calling for politics and at the end 
of three months retired in disgust. 

In 1900 he had begun to collect the 
materials for his great work Bibliografia 
Cubana, on which he was continuously 
occupied for sixteen years. In 1907 he 
began its publication in parts and com- 
pleted the issue of the twelfth and conclud- 
ing volume in 191 7. The bibliography 
includes thirty-three thousand books and 
pamphlets by nine thousand authors and 
is the only work of its kind hitherto com- 
pleted in any country of America— an 
achievement due solely to the energy and 
sacrifice of the author; for no aid of any 
sort was supplied him by the government. 

In 19 1 8 he began a new series of bib- 
liographical publications, the Biblioteca 
cienttfica cubana of which the first volume 
has already appeared and the second is in 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



T R E L L E S 


207 


the press — in reality a revision and sup- 
plement of his Bibliografia. These will be 
followed by Bibliotecas, Geogrdfica, His- 
torica, Liter aria, etc. 

Trelles is also the author of Los ciento 
cincuenta libros mas notables que los Cu- 
ban os han escrito (The Hundred and Fifty 
Best Books Written by Cubans). 

He is a Member of the Academy of Arts 
and Letters and that of History, and an 
Honorary Member of the Economic Society 
of Friends of the Country. On the occasion 
of his installation in the Academy of His- 
tory, Trelles produced a study on The Brit- 
ish Rule in Cuba (La dominacion britanica 
en Cuba) based upon documents hitherto 
unknown. In 191 8 he was elected Corre- 
sponding Member of the Hispanic Society 
of America. 

He is now engaged upon a new edition 
of his work on America as an Intellectual 
Power. 




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I 



LOLA DE T 10 


209 


LOLA RODRIGUEZ Y PONCE DE 
LEON DE TIO 

Poet; authoress. 

Lola Rodriguez y Ponce de Leon de 
Tio was born in the town of San German 
(Puerto Rico), the daughter of Dr. Sebas- 
tian Rodriguez de Astudillo and Dona 
Carmen Ponce de Leon. 

From her early youth Senora Tio showed 
a marked talent for writing, and her dis- 
position was developed by a stormy and 
eventful life marked by a period of exile 
for political reasons and much travel. 
She took as active a part as possible in the 
political struggles of Puerto Rico and, on 
taking up her residence in Cuba, gave 
similar devotion and zeal to her adopted 
country, becoming the enthusiastic ad- 
mirer of General Maximo Gomez and the 
men who surrounded him in the Cuban 
Army of Liberation. 




HISPANIC NOTES 


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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




In 1892 Senora Tio was distinguished 
by her native town by being made an 
Honorary Member of the Circulo Sanger- 
meno. 

In 1896 she was unanimously elected 
Honorary President of the Political Club 
Rius Rivera founded in New York by 
those who emigrated from Cuba during 
the War of Independence. 

In 1 9 10 she was made Honorary Member 
of the Society of Authors and Artists of 
Puerto Rico. In the same year, she was 
elected a Member of the Academy of Arts 
and Letters of Havana. 

In 191 1 she was honored with the title of 
Socio Bienhacher, in the Benevolent Society 
of the natives of Galicia. She has also 
been decorated by the Government of 
Venezuela with the Order of the Liberator 
Bolivar. 

Senora Tio has written much both in 
verse and prose but her best known books 
are three volumes of poems : Mis Cantares, 
Claros y Nieblas, and Mi Libvo de Cuba. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



Raul de Cardenas y Echarte 



CARDENAS 


211 


RAUL DE CARDENAS Y ECHARTE 

Lawyer; writer. 

Raul de Cardenas y Echarte was 
born on the twenty-fourth of December, 
1884, in Havana, where he was educated, 
passing through the successive stages of 
primary school, the Institute where he 
gained the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and 
the University where in 1905 he was made 
Doctor of Laws. 

He entered at once on the practice of his 
profession. In November, 19 10, he was 
elected Representative for the Province 
of Havana for the term ending in 191 5, and 
in 1 9 14 reelected for the term ending in 
191 9. In the same year he was chosen 
Secretary of the House of Representatives 
and reelected to this office also in 191 5. 

Dr. Cardenas has written various papers 
of a legal character, among them, El Re- 




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212 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




curso de Inconstitucionalidad, and has 
treated international problems in papers 
such as that which he read in January, 
1917, before the American Institute of 
International Law on Cuba no puede in- 
vocarse en testimonio del imperialismo Norte- 
Americano. At present, March, 191 9, he 
is publishing in the magazine Cuba Con- 
tempordnea, an article on La Politica de los 
Est ados Unidos en el Continente Americano 
in which he discusses the Monroe Doctrine 
and the various aspects of the preponder- 
ance which the North American republic 
exercises in America. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



M A R T I 


213 


JOSE MARTI Y ZAYAS BAZAN 

Soldier; official. 

Jose Marti y Zayas Bazax, son of the 
famous Cuban patriot and apostle of in- 
dependence, was born in Havana on the 
twenty-second of November, 1878. There 
he was also educated, following the usual 
courses of study while his father in exile 
prosecuted in other lands the propaganda 
of Cuban liberty. 

He was graduated at the Institute, 
Bachelor of Arts and Sciences, and had 
begun to study law at the University of 
Havana when the War of Independence 
broke out. 

Being unable on account of the vigilance 
of the Spanish authorities to join the 
Cuban Army from Havana, he went with 
some of his student friends to the United 
States and tried to join from that point. 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




For some time he was prevented from so 
doing by his father's friends who con- 
sidered him too young to enter the war. 
But he was finally allowed to enlist as a 
soldier, which he did in October, 1896, and, 
after some months of training and waiting, 
landed in Cuba in February, 1897. 

He was promoted a month later to the 
rank of Second Lieutenant, on account of 
his being a Bachelor of Arts, and was ap- 
pointed Aide-de-Camp to General Calixto 
Garcia on whose Staff he served until the 
end of the war. 

He volunteered for service with the 
dynamite gun and served this weapon 
during the siege and attack of Victoria de 
las Tunas and Guisa, both great victories 
for the Cuban Army. In the former fight 
he was promoted to be First Lieutenant 
for gallantry in action on the battlefield. 
He took part in all the operations in Oriente 
led by General Garcia and finally was 
present at the landing of the American 
forces and the attack and siege of Santiago. 

At the end of the war, when he was a 
Captain, he was sent on an official mission 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



MARTI 


215 


from General Garcia to the Cuban Dele- 
gate in the United States, Tom as Estrada 
Palma. In 1902, after a competitive ex- 
amination for appointment of Officers to 
the Cuban Artillery forces organized at 
the time, he was appointed Captain, rank- 
ing first, and consequently took command 
of the battalion. In 1906 he was appointed 
Aide-de-Camp to Secretary William H. 
Taft and afterwards remained in the same 
capacity with Governor Magoon. In 1907 
he was promoted by seniority to the rank 
of Major, in 1909 to that of -Lieutenant 
Colonel and, on the reorganization and 
increase of the Army, to Colonel and ap- 
pointed Chief of Staff of the Army. In 
1 910 he was appointed to the command of 
a Brigade of Infantry and in 19 13 he was 
appointed to temporary command of the 
Army. 

In 191 5, after the reorganization of the 
Army, a work he undertook by special 
instructions from the President of the 
Republic, General Menocal, he was ap- 
pointed Assistant Chief of Staff with the 
rank of Brigadier General, and later in the 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




same year was appointed Chief of Staff 
with the rank of Major General, holding 
this office until August, 191 7, when he re- 
tired after nineteen years of service, in- 
cluding those of the War of Independence, 
to accept the office of Secretary of War and 
Navy, which he now holds. 

He is a member of the Military Order 
and of the Red Cross. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



D 0 M I N G U E Z 


217 


FRANCISCO DOMINGUEZ ROLDAN 

Physician; soldier; teach- 
er; Secretary of Education 
for Cuba, 1917. 

Francisco Dohinguez Roldan was 
born in Havana on the fifteenth of Febru- 
ary, 1864. His early studies indicated his 
native bent, for he studied first in the 
Colegio of Esculapius in Guanabacoa, later 
going to the University of Havana where 
in 1884 he obtained the degree of Licen- 
tiate in Medicine and from there went to 
Madrid to obtain the degree of Doctor in 
the University. 

From Madrid he journeyed to Paris and 
there won his Doctor's degree in 1888. 
There also he won a place on the Hospital 
staff tvhere he served as interne and externe 
for a period of four years, and gained at 
the close of his service the Bronze Medal of 
the Asistencia Publica of Paris. 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




In 1892 he returned to Cuba and exer- 
cised his profession in Havana until 1895 
when, at the outbreak of the War of In- 
dependence, he left his brilliant prospects 
to take part in the Revolution. He served 
throughout the campaign in the provinces 
of Havana and Matanzas, rising to the rank 
of Colonel in the Medical Service. At the 
end of the war he returned to Havana and 
took up again the practice of his profession. 

In 1899 he assisted General Wood in re- 
organizing the School of Medicine and was 
appointed Professor of Topographical Ana- 
tomy. Since the year 1903 he has devoted 
himself to the study of the X-ray in which 
he has become an authority. In 1905 he 
was commissioned by the government to 
visit Europe to study radiography — a com- 
mission which he fulfilled with great suc- 
cess, visiting England, France, Germany, 
and Denmark. In 1907 he was honored 
by the French Government with the order 
of the Legion of Honor, and in 19 10 he was 
sent as delegate from Cuba to the Inter- 
national Congress of Radiology held in 
Barcelona. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



DOMING UEZ 



219 



In 19 1 6 Dr. Roldan was elected Dean of 
the Faculty of Medicine and in 191 7 he 
was appointed, by President Menocal, 
Secretary of Education and Art, in which 
position he has had opportunity to put into 
effect views of education which have been 
of great benefit to Cuban culture, giving 
vigorous impulse to all branches of educa- 
tion and calling to her shores distinguished 
educators from abroad. 

Among his published works are : El tor ax 
v sus regiones (1895); Procedimientos opera- 
torios (1904); Lecciones de cirugia de urgen- 
cia (1905); Lecciones de anatomia topogrd- 
fica (1905 y 1906); Ray os Finsen, Rayos 
Rontgen, Radio (1906); Radio, Radiologia y 
Electricidad Medicas (191 1); Anatomia 
topogrdfica y operaciones de urgencia del 
torax (1914). 



AND MONOGRAPHS 



I 



P I N L A Y 


221 


CARLOS E. FINLAY 

Physician; teacher; spe- 
cialist. 

Carlos E. Fixlay, son of the famous 
discoverer of the transmission of yellow 
fever by the Stegomyia mosquito, was 
born in Havana on the fifteenth ot July, 
1868. His early studies were made at the 
Colegio of Belen. where he completed the 
courses leading to the Bachelor's degree, 
after which he went to the United States, 
entered Columbia University, and ob- 
tained his degree in Medicine in 1889. He 
then joined the staff of the New York 
Ophthalmic and Aural Institute, serving 
as Clinical Assistant and Interne until 
1892 when he returned to Havana and 
began the practice of his profession as eye 
and ear specialist. In 1905 Dr. Finlay was 
appointed Professor of Ophthalmology in 




HISPANIC NOTES 


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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




the University and has continued in that 
position. 

Notwithstanding his duties in the Uni- 
versity and the ever increasing pressure of 
a growing practice, Dr. Finlay has con- 
tributed numerous articles to professional 
journals both at home and abroad, giving 
special attention to the operation for 
cataract. He has also translated Dr. 
Charles H. May's Manual on Diseases of 
the Eye, one of the most important recent 
works in the field of Ophthalmology. 

Dr. Finlay is a Member of the Academy 
of Sciences and of the Society for Clinical 
Studies. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



COLLAXTES 


223 


JOSE MARIA COLLANTES 

Lawyer; poet; official; 
Member of Congress of 
Cuba. 

Jose Maria Collantes was born in 
San Cristobal, Province of Pinar del Rio, 
on the thirteenth of November, 1877, and 
received his early education in his native 
town. His later education he obtained in 
Havana where he studied at "La Gran 
Antilla" Colegio and gained the Bachelor's 
degree in the Institute of Havana in 1893. 

Having elected to enter the legal pro- 
fession, Collantes pursued the law course 
and obtained his degree as Licentiate in 
1898. In the following year he was ap- 
pointed Municipal Judge of the Vedado 
(Havana), and in 1900 designated as mem- 
ber, and Secretary, of the Tripartite Com- 
mission of Charities for the Island of Cuba, 




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224 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




which was set up by General Wood under 
the American Intervention to study the 
reforms necessary in this branch of the 
administration and to investigate and 
organize the multitudinous interests in- 
volved in the charitable organizations. 

In 1902 he was appointed auxiliary 
Professor of Literature in the Institute of 
Pinar del Rio, and in 1903 he was made 
official Counsel for the defense of the 
poor and those who had no counsel before 
the Provincial court in the same city — an 
office which he retained for six years. 
Thereafter, from 1909 to 191 2, he filled 
various official positions under the same 
body until in 191 2 he was elected Repre- 
sentative in Congress on the ticket of the 
Conservative party, and reelected to the 
same office. In 191 5 he received the nom- 
ination to the Presidency of the Chamber of 
Representatives, and at present (19 18) is 
Chairman of the Committee on Foreign 
Relations and that on Justice and the 
Codes. 

Senor Collantes is Secietary of the Con- 
servaiive parcy ana. oecreiary 01 liic v^um- 


I 


HISPANIC NO TES 



COLLANTES 


225 


mission on Propaganda for the War and 
for the Relief of its Victims. 

Sefior Collantes has distinguished him- 
self also as a poet and is counted among the 
most effective orators of his party. 

Among his published works are: Rojas 
y Pdlidas, poems, 1900; Un vueltabajero 
ilustre, Tranquilino Sandalio de Noda, 
1 901; La casa del pobre, 1903; Sistemas 
penitenciarioSj 1904; Discurso sobre Maceo, 
1914. 

• 




AND M ONOGRAPHS 


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I 

I 



PEREZ 


227 


LUIS MARINO PEREZ 

Librarian. 

Luis Marino Perez was born on the 
twelfth of July, 1882, at Kingston, Ja- 
maica (B. W. I.). His parents were among 
those Cubans who preterred to reside in a 
foreign country than to suffer the oppres- 
sion of the Spanish government in Cuba. 
His father, Jose Francisco Perez, had 
joined the Revolution in 1869 and was, 
during all his life, a staunch supporter of 
the movements for Cuban independence. 

Perez's education, begun in the Jamaica 
schools, was continued in the United 
States, where he studied successively at 
Alma Academy (Michigan), completing 
the Scientific course in June, 1901, and at 
the University of Michigan, obtaining the 
degrees of A.B. (1903) and A.M. (1904). 
He there studied principally philosophy, 




HISPANIC NOTES 


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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




sociology, and history; was a member of 
the Quadrangle Club, and in 1909 was 
elected to the Michigan Chapter of the 
Phi Beta Kappa Society. During his last 
year in the University (1904) he was ap- 
pointed Assistant in European history. 

He has served in the following positions : 
with the Department of historical research 
of the Carnegie Institution, Washington, 
D. C, for which he prepared, first, a report 
on the materials for American history in 
Cuban archives (1905) and, later (19 16), 011 
the archives of Jamaica; in the Library of 
Congress, Washington, D. C. (1906); 
translator in various departments of the 
Cuban government; and head Librarian of 
the House of Representatives of Cuba 
since 191 2. He was appointed in 19 14 
to assist the Commission created by pres- 
idential decree, No. 659 of 1914, for the 
study of the budget system of Cuba, and, 
in 19 1 8, Chief Clerk of the National Com- 
mission for war propaganda and for the 
distribution of Cuban government funds 
in aid of the soldiers and war victims of the 
Allies. At the request of the Department 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



PEREZ 


229 


of Public Instruction he has recently under- 
taken the work of organizing the classifi- 
cation and cataloguing of the National 
Library of Cuba. 

He has contributed articles on historical, 
social, and political questions to the Pub- 
lications of the Southern History Association, 
Washington, 1907; Pro-Cuba, Havana, 
May and June, 191 1 (only issues pub- 
lished); La Reforma Social, Cuba Contem- 
pordnea, El Figaro, and others. At the 
annual meetings of the Cuban society of 
international law, 191 7, 191 8, and 191 9, he 
has read papers on the Sovereignty of 
Cuba, Justice as a Principle of International 
Law, and the Self-determination of the 
Small Nationalities, respectively. 

He was one of the organizers of the 
"Fundacion Luz Caballero, " an influential 
educational and patriotic association, and 
of the Pure Suffrage League ("Liga protec- 
tora del sufragio "). He was the chief ini- 
tiator, in 191 7, of the Liga nacional de propa- 
ganda economica, which, after a short agita- 
tion in favor of the domestic production of all 
necessary foodstuffs, discontinued its labors. 




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He has published the following books 
and pamphlets : A puntes de libros y folletos 
. . . que tratan de Cuba, desde principios 
del siglo XVII hasta igi 2, Havana, 1907. 
Guide to the Materials for American His- 
tory in Cuban Archives, Washington, 1907. 
Estudio sobre las ideas politicas de Jose 
Antonio Saco, Havana, 1908. Bibliografia 
de la Revolucion de Yara — Cuaderno I, Ha- 
vana, 1908. Biografia de Miguel Jeronimo 
Gutierrez, revolucionario y poeta cubano, 
Havana, 191 2; and, with Orestes Ferrara 
and others, Anuario estadistico de la Re- 
publica de Cuba: Ano I, 191 4, Havana, 
191 5. In 1909 he published a magazine 
in Spanish and English entitled Cuban 
Opinion {La Opinion cubana), of which 
only six numbers were issued, and in 191 6, 
with Federico Cordova, the Revista de his- 
toria cubana y americana, of which five 
numbers have been issued. He has edited, 
with Vicente Pardo Suarez, Trabajos par- 
lamentarios de Jose A. Gonzalez Lanuza, 
Havana, 191 9. 


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A R 0 C H A 


231 


GUSTAVO F. AROCHA Y LLANERAS 

Lawyer; magistrate. 

Gustavo F. Arocha y Llaneras was 
born on the first of May, 1864, at the Villa 
of Guanajay, in the Province of Pinar del 
Rio. He was educated under the direction 
of F. B. Ramos, at the Colegio of San 
Jose de Calasanz. After studying at the 
Jesuit College of Belen he received the 
degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1879 and then 
took up the study of civil and canon law 
at the University of Havana. After six 
years' study he was admitted to practice 
in both these faculties. While at the uni- 
versity he worked in a law office and was 
admitted to the bar in Havana, where he 
exercised his profession from 1885 to 1899. 
At this last date the first American Govern- 
ment of Intervention nominated him for 
Judge of the First Instance and Instruc- 




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tion in Pinar del Rio, the Court of which 
had suggested him for the position. He 
was transferred from this position in 1900 
to a similar post at Cardenas, in the Prov- 
ince of Matanzas. In 1904 he was pro- 
moted to the magistracy of the Court of 
Santa Clara and from this he proceeded to 
a judgeship of the First Instance in the 
north of Havana Province. After three 
years in this post he was promoted in 1909 
to the presidency of the Court of Matanzas, 
a charge which he exercises at the present 
time, 19 19, and which carries with it the 
presidency of the Provincial Electoral 
Board. Since his presidency of this court 
he has read each year a formal charge 
published thereafter in accordance with 
the prescriptions of the Cuban Judiciary 
Act. 


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Miguel Garmendia y Rodriguez 



GARMENDIA 


233 


MIGUEL GARMENDIA Y 
RODRIGUEZ 

Educator. 

Miguel Garmendia y Rodriguez was 
born in the town of Maximo Gomez, on 
the eighth of May, 1862. He received his 
primary education at Matanzas and, owing 
to his father's death in 1875, he was com- 
pelled to make a living as instructor in the 
schools of Matanzas, finally becoming 
superintendent of one of the primary 
schools there. In the meantime he devoted 
himself to higher studies and took the 
degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1879. From 
this date he has devoted himself to the 
pursuit of teaching and the study of litera- 
ture. In 1892 he received from the Uni- 
versity the license of professor and in the 
same year entered the Institute at Matan- 
zas as associate professor. In 1899, under 
the authority of the Provincial Council he 
organized the public schools of Matanzas 
and was offered the position of provincial 




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school inspector by Mr. A. E. Frye, but he 
preferred to remain in his teaching posi- 
tion. In 1899 also he was authorized by 
the American Intervention Government to 
hold classes in Spanish for the officers of 
the American Army stationed at Matanzas. 
In 1900 he was appointed professor, after 
competition, to the chair of grammar and 
literature in the Institute of Matanzas. 
In 1902 he was nominated provincial 
superintendent of the schools of Havana; 
in 1904 he accepted the position of general 
superintendent of the schools in Cuba, and 
took part in the arrangement of the courses 
of study applied throughout the Island 
until 1 9 14. In 1905 he withdrew from his 
position, during the presidency of President 
Palma, and resumed his chair at Matanzas. 
In 19 16 he was elected a member of the 
educational board of Matanzas, over which 
he presided for three years. Among his 
published works may be named two novels : 
Almas Perdidas, Curs a de Gramdtica, Sol 
de Autuno, 1882. His educational pub- 
lications are: Libro de Lectura, 1885; Orto- 
grafta Castellano, 1896. 


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EDELM ANN 


235 


FEDERICO EDELMANN Y PINTO 

Educator. 

Federico Edelmanis y Pixto was born 
in Havana on the twenty-sixth of May, 
1869. He was educated at the Colegio of 
Belen in Havana. After studying also at 
the School of Painting and Sculpture in 
Havana, he was appointed in 1892 Pro- 
fessor of Spanish Language and Literature 
by the New York City Board of Educa- 
tion. In this capacity he taught at the 
Evening High School of New York City, 
and in 1898 he became Professor in the 
same branches at the De Witt Clinton 
High School. Both of these positions he 
filled until 1905, when he was placed in 
charge of the chair of English at the In- 
stitute of Havana, a position won after 
competition. From 1889 to 1892 he was 
employed on the staff of Frank Leslie's 




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illustrated newspaper, New York City, as 
an illustrator. He is author of a mono- 
graph entitled: "How a Foreign Language 
Should be Taught/' and of a series of 
articles published in the Heraldo de Cuba, 
entitled Como deben visitor se los museos de 
Arte; besides, he is author of a considerable 
number of paintings in oil of landscapes 
and figures, and pen-and-ink drawmgs. 
He initiated the founding in Havana of 
the Salon of Fine Arts in 1916, which has 
been held there annually since. He has 
been President of the Association of 
Painters and Sculptors in Cuba from its 
foundation in 19 16. 


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MUNOZ 


237 


VICTOR MUNOZ 

Journalist. 

Victor Munos was born at Havana in 
1873. He came in his early youth, in 1890, 
under the influence of the revolutionary 
spirit of the day, abandoned his studies, 
emigrated to the United States, and es- 
tablished himself in Florida, where he soon 
engaged in journalist work in the Spanish 
publications issued in Tampa and Key 
West in favor of Cuban independence. 
In 1899 he returned to Havana and took 
up the profession of journalism, to which 
he has devoted himself ever since. He is a 
journalist, not a political editor of the type 
so long familiar in Spanish America, and 
has familiarized himself practically with 
all the various departments of journalistic 
activity. He began his caieer in Havana 
as reporter of La Discusion and after two 




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years became associated with El Mundo. 
In this paper he was in charge of the sport- 
ing page and also of the Washington corre- 
spondence. His journalistic ideals are 
based upon American models, which he 
has studied directly in the newspaper 
offices of New York. Even the terminology 
of American slang he has transplanted to 
Havana journalism. Lately, without giving 
up his interest in the records of sport, he 
has developed in El Mundo a special sec- 
tion called " Round About the Capital," 
which gives the Cuban reader information 
in regard to American social and political 
life. His purpose in this department must 
be regarded as educational as well as enter- 
taining. The picture presented in El 
Mundo of the life in the United States is 
derived from a careful reading of the 
principal representatives of the American 
press. An idea of the aims of this type of 
his journalistic work can be derived from a 
selection published from it, called Junto 
al Capitolio. This publication will soon 
be followed by another book, a realistic 
novel, called Sangre Africana. 


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mi 




RAMOS 


239 


DOMINGO F. RAMOS Y DELGADO 

Physician. 

Domingo F. Ramos y Delgado was 
born in Pinar del Rio on the ninth of 
September, 1884. His education was re- 
ceived at the University of Havana, where 
he took the degrees of Doctor of Medicine, 
1905, and Doctor of Science, 1906. In 
both these schools he was a gold medallist, 
an honor which enabled him to pursue 
graduate studies in New York and Paris 
hospitals. Among the scientific posts held 
by him may be mentioned the directorship 
of the clinical laboratory of Hospital No. 1, 
the directorship of the library and press 
section of the Sanitary Commission, Chief 
of the Department of Infantile Hygiene, 
Chief of the Department of Homicuiture 
in the Commission of Hygiene, Chief of 
the Department of Milk Analysis, and 




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Member of the Investigating Laboratory 
of the Department of Sanitation. He has 
also served as assistant in the Museum of 
Natural History of the Havana University, 
as interne associate and medical interne 
of the Mercedes Hospital, and as delegate 
of the Cuban government to the Third 
International Congress for the Protection 
of Children, 191 1. In 19 17 he was named 
Assistant Professor in the Medical Depart- 
ment of Havana University. At the 
present time he is attached as doctor to 
the Calixto Garcia Hospital and is ob- 
stetrician and pediatrician of the Mercedes 
Hospital. He is the author of many 
scientific articles and in collaboration with 
Professor Eusebio Hernandez has pub- 
lished a work entitled Homicultura, pre- 
sented to the Third International Congress 
mentioned above. Acting in association 
with Dr. Hernandez he introduced into 
Cuba the principles of infantile hygiene, 
and took part recently in founding hygienic 
departments for the protection of children, 
such as milk analysis and the distribution 
of modified milk for poor children. In 


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RAMOS 


241 


addition to this milk laboratory he has 
established a similar one in the Bluhme 
Ramos Laboratory for the well-to-do 
classes. 




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GARCIA EN.SENAT 


243 


EZEOUIEL GARCIA ENSENAT 

Educator; public man. 

Ezequiel Garcia Ensenat was born in 
Havana on the twenty-third of March, 
1862. His advanced studies were pursued 
in the University of Havana, in which he 
graduated in law and afterwards as Doctor 
of Letters. He soon became known as a 
writer in the field of literature and jour- 
nalism but took no part in public life while 
Cuba was a Spanish colony. For some time 
he remained away from the Island and 
traveled in Europe, residing for a consider- 
able period in Paris, where he devoted 
himself to the study of literature, history, 
and art, and contributed to Cuban reviews 
and papers and also those of other countries. 
During the War of Independence he was 
secretary of the committee representing 
the Cuban Revolutionary party, and also 




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edited the separatist publication, La Re- 
publique Cubaine. On his return to Cuba 
he was named professor of one of the chairs 
of history, and when the university was 
reorganized he obtained competitively an 
associate professorship of literature. On 
his return to Cuba he began to take an 
active part in political life and allied himself 
with the Progressive party. He became 
editor of the Patria, was a frequent speaker 
on the political platform, and in 1908 he 
became editor in charge of El Liberal. 
In the Cuban Legislature he represented 
the Province of Havana and in this body 
he was made Chairman of the Committee 
on Public Instruction. Among other legis- 
lative measures, his name is associated 
with the present educational code of the 
Island. As a parliamentary speaker he is 
known for his championship of advanced 
standards in administrative departments. 
In 19 13 he became Secretary of Public 
Instruction and Fine Arts, and remained 
a member of the Cabinet until the end of 
191 7. In this capacity may be mentioned 
his work in behalf of education, illustrated 


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ENSENAT 


245 


by his reorganization of the program of 
study, especially in primary schools. 
More than a thousand country schools 
were established under his regime, and the 
system of itinerant school teachers is due 
to him. In addition to this he promoted 
the organization of the first four normal 
schools in the republic. He is a member of 
the Academy of History of Cuba and is 
known as a writer on art and as a lecturer. 
At the present time he is Minister of Cuba 
in Mexico. 




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MENCIA 


247 


MANUEL MENCIA Y GARCIA 

Physician; man of science. 

Manuel Mexcia y Garcia was born 
in Sancti Spiritus, Cuba, on the seventh of 
December, 1884. His early education 
was received in his native city and he 
prepared for and received the Bachelor's 
degree in the Institute of Matanzas. He 
then entered the University of Havana 
and followed in his studies the two special 
lines of his interest, winning first the degree 
of Doctor of Medicine and later that of 
Doctor of Natural Sciences. 

He continues his pursuit of the Natural 
Sciences as Secretary of the section of 
Anthropology of the Felipe Poey Associa- 
tion of the National University. 

He began the practice of medicine in his 
native city as partner of Dr. Rudesino 
Garcia Rijo, serving in the hospital, the 




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prison infirmary, the public dispensary and, 
during the American Provisional Govern- 
ment, was chief of the Board of Health. 

In 1909 he went to Havana as head of 
Hospital Number One (now Hospital 
Calixto Garcia), but resigned to take a 
similar position with the Casa de Bene- 
ficencta y Maternidad; in this capacity he 
represented the Cuban government at the 
International Congress on Infantile Dis- 
eases convened in Berlin in 191 1 and, after 
studying asylums and hospitals in the 
United States and throughout Europe, 
reformed according to the most advanced 
standards the hospital in his charge. 

Politically Dr. Mencia is a Liberal and 
in 1 9 16 was elected to represent the Prov- 
ince of Havana in the National House of 
Representatives. 


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GONZALEZ ALCORTA 


249 


LEANDRO GONZALEZ ALCORTA 

Teacher; patriot; writer. 

Leandro Gonzalez Alcorta was born 
on the thirteenth of March, 1861, in the 
Province of Pinar del Rio. In 1883 he 
accepted the call of the recently created 
Institute of that Province to join its teach- 
ing force and became its Secretary. 

The Cuban struggle for independence 
soon claimed his attention and he allied 
himself enthusiastically with its propa- 
gandists. When troubles were at their 
height in 1895 he was forced to emigrate 
to Spain where in the very stronghold of 
the enemy he proclaimed the wrongs of 
the colony through the columns of La Paz, 
a paper which he founded for the purpose. 
He was arrested and imprisoned, but later 
being provisionally released, escaped to the 
United States and thence went to Mexico 




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where he remained until peace was con- 
cluded in 1899. 

He then returned to his native province 
and succeeded in reopening the Provincial 
Institute of which he again became Direc- 
tor. In this capacity he has worked many 
years for the betterment of the locality, 
having established in the school a public 
library and free training classes for pros- 
pective men and women teachers. He 
established in 191 1 and maintained for 
three years a weekly periodical Region y 
P atria. He continues in the Provincial 
Institute of Pinar del Rio rilling two pro- 
fessorships, that of Philosophy and Letters 
and that of Spanish Language and Litera- 
ture. 

Dr. Gonzalez Alcorta has written and 
published various pamphlets, chiefly of a 
political nature; his thesis for the degree of 
Doctor of Philosophy and Letters prepared 
in 1 901 was upon Causes of the Cuban War 
for Independence. 


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Luis Montane 



MONTANE 


251 


LUIS MONTANE 

Physician; man of science. 

Luis Montane was born in Havana on 
the seventh of April, 1849, and educated 
in France. He received in Paris in 1874 
the degree of Doctor of Medicine, his thesis 
upon Estudio anatomico del Craneo de 
I os Microcefalos being awarded a prize. 
Throughout his undergraduate years he 
devoted special attention to anthropology, 
coming under the tutelage of the eminent 
scholars Broca, Hamy, and de Quatre- 
fages. At this time he was chosen as a 
titular member of La Sociedad de Antro- 
pologta of Paris. 

Upon the completion of his medical 
education Dr. Montane returned to Ha- 
vana where he has won distinction in his 
profession and has held very close his 
connection with anthropological research. 




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He has served as visiting physician to the 
Hospital of S.S. Felipe y Santiago; dean 
of the faculty of Sciences and Letters of 
the University of Havana; professor of 
Anthropology in the same university. 
He is a member of the Academia de Cien- 
cias and has acted as its general secretary; 
was one of the founders and president of 
the Sociedad de Antropologta of the Island 
of Cuba; founder and vice-president of the 
Sociedad de Estudios Clinicos of Havana; 
creator and organizer of the anthropologi- 
cal museum which bears his name; member 
of the Ateneo, Liceo de la Habana, and 
Sociedad "Poey." 

He was delegate of the government of 
the Republic of Cuba to the scientific Con- 
gresses at Monaco, Turin, Paris, Buenos 
Aires, and Washington. Under the aus- 
pices of the Academy of Sciences Dr. 
Montane has carried into effect various 
anthropological missions to the interior of 
Cuba. 

Many of the lectures and papeis which 
he has prepared for scientific and literary 
organizations have found their way to the 


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MONTANE 


253 


press. Notable among these writings are 
those bearing upon scientific research in 
the Island: La Injancia de la Humanidad, 
Sepulturas Indias, Cubanas, Un Chim- 
pance Cubano. He also has made a study 
of the psychology of the noted Cuban 
scientist, Felipe Poey. 

Dr. Montane holds the following honor- 
ary titles and decorations: Caballero de la 
Legion de Honor, Oficial de Instruccion 
Publica, Medalla de la campana Franco- 
Prusiana (1870), Medalla (cruz de Guerra 
civil) de la reconnaisance francesa (19 18), 
Insignia de la Cruz Roja francesa. 




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PEREZ BEATO 


255 


MANUEL PEREZ BEATO 

Teacher; physician; author. 

Manuel Perez Beato was born in 
Cadiz, Spain, on the fifth of March, 1857. 
His studies were pursued in Cadiz until 
the fourth year of his medical course which 
he completed in Havana in 1882, obtaining 
the degree of Licentiate and later that of 
Doctor of Medicine. L^pon his graduation 
he won .by competition an appointment as 
interne in the Civil Hospital of Havana. 
Through success in later competitions he 
won places as assistant in the Department 
of Physics and Chemistry in the.Escuela 
Profesional of the Island of Cuba and as 
librarian in the same school, and later as 
assistant in the physical and meteorologi- 
cal observatory of the Island of Cuba. 
The greater part of his mature life has 
been devoted to the Escuela de Artes y 




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Oficios in Havana, where he has served 
for thirty-six years as Professor of Indus- 
trial Chemistry, at the same time acting 
as Secretary of the school for sixteen years 
and for seventeen years as its Vice-presi- 
dent. 

During recent years Dr. Perez has been 
prominent among students of Cuban 
history. He has been since its foundation 
in 1 910 a member of the Academia de la 
Historia de Cuba and since 191 8 has been 
the librarian of that organization. His 
later writings have been mostly of a his- 
torical nature: El Curioso Americano , 
Revista de Historia de Cuba; Bibliografia 
Comentada Sobre los Escritos publicados en 
Cuba, relativos al Quijote, 1905 ; Inscripciones 
Cubanas de los siglos XVI, XVII, XVIII, 
1915- 

His earlier writings were upon medical 
topics: Algunos tratamientos empleados en 
la curacion de la fiebre amarilla (Thesis for 
the doctorate); Historia de la vacuna y 
progresos alcanzados en este ramo de la 
administracion en la isla de Cuba (1896). 

In addition to these works he has pub- 


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PEREZ BE A TO 


257 


lished in different magazines a variety of 
articles upon history, medicine, and crim- 
inology. He has ready for publication: 
Topografia medica de la Habana, Cuba, 
Cuatro siglos de Historic, Bibliografia 
medica Cubana. 




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CHALONS 



259 



JOAQUIN CHALOXS 

Civil engineer. 

Joaquin Chalons was born in Santiago 
de Cuba., on the twenty-fourth of August, 
1864, and received his early education and 
his Bachelor's degree in the Colegio "San- 
tiago.'' In 1882 he entered the Academia 
de Ingenieros at Guadalajara, Spain, where 
five years of study brought him the title 
Engineer. He devoted the next three 
years to field work upon the Pyrenean 
border, then returned to Cuba as Captain 
of Engineers and was appointed subhead 
of the engineering offices of the city of 
Santiago. 

At the outbreak of the war for Cuban 
Independence (1895) he returned to Spain 
and took a position with the Southern 
Railway lines of that country. 

When the war was over he returned to 



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Santiago as engineer of the Steel Ore Co., 
and in 1900 joined the local Department 
of Public Works as assistant engineer. 
After several minor promotions he became 
chief engineer of the Department of Public 
Works of the Province of Orient e. He soon 
attained the rank of Chief Engineer of the 
First Class and under the national govern- 
ment filled successively the offices of 
Director General and Inspector General of 
Railways. 

Following a two-years' interim marked 
by the American Provisional Government, 
during which he devoted himself to private 
practice of his profession chiefly as techni- 
cal director of a company engaged in the 
urbanization and extension of Santiago, 
he was returned to the Department of 
Public Works. After a few months, as 
head of that department in his native 
province, he was attached to the National 
Department of Public Works as secretary 
(1909-1911). 

For the following two years, 1912-1913, 
he remained in Havana as the consulting 
engineer of the General Contracting Co. 


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CHALONS 


261 


and of the "Compania de los Puertos de 
Cuba" as well as member of the Harbors 
Board; he then returned to Santiago where 
he practices his profession. 

He is a member of the National Academy 
of Arts and Letters. 

• 




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D E GON SALES 


263 


AURELIA CASTILLO DE GOXSALES 

Traveler; author. 

A u re li a Castillo, daughter of Pedro 
Castillo y Betancourt and Maria Castillo y 
Castillo, was born in the Province of Puerto 
Principe (now Camaguey), Cuba, on the 
twenty-seventh of January, 1842. Her 
parents found it impossible to give her the 
educational advantages they desired, and 
after her tenth year her intellectual de- 
velopment was left to the Fates which 
supplied her with reading matter. 

In May, 1874, she was married to Fran- 
cisco Gonsales del Koyo, Major of In- 
fantry in the Spanish Army. A year later 
she accompanied her husband to Spain 
when he was expelled from the Island by 
the Spanish Brigadier Ampudia [because 
of his vehement condemnation of the 
execution of the Cuban patriot. Dr. An- 




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tonio L. Luaces]. The family made its 
home at various times in Santander, in 
Madrid, and in Almeria, the husband 
engaged in preparing El Pueblo de Cania- 
giiey while Dona Aurelia wrote Hicoten- 
catle, Dona M ar ina, and Moctezuma. 

Returning to Cuba, Dona Aurelia de 
Gonsales settled with her husband in 
Guanabacoa and wrote her: Adios de 
Victor Hugo which won in 1885 the first 
prize in a literary contest. The following 
year in a similar competition her Biografia 
de G. G. Avellaneda received honorable 
mention. She attended the Paris Exposi- 
tion in 1889 and recorded her impressions 
for a Havana journal, El Pais. The 
Revista Cubana published subsequent 
letters from Italy and Switzerland and a 
poem entitled Pompeya. Later all this 
correspondence was collected and pub- 
lished under the title Un Paseo por Europa 
(1891). 

After traveling in Mexico she visited 
the United States and attended the Colum- 
bian Exposition in 1893 again acting as 
correspondent for El Pats; this series of 


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D E GON SALES 


265 


letters composed the volume Un Paseo por 
America, issued in 1895. 

Upon the sudden death of her husband, 
the twenty-fourth of March, 1895, she 
determined to write no more since the 
main incentive was gone. 

By the edict of General Weyler she was 
again expelled from Cuba in 1896 and 
chose for her place of residence Santa Cruz 
de Tenerife and aftei wards Barcelona. 
Returning to Cuba at the close of the 
Spanish regime, and finding her former 
home in Guanabacoa in ruins her emotions 
forced her to break her resolution and write. 
Her verses Ruin as were soon followed by 
another poem. Ex puis ad a, which expressed 
her feelings upon being obliged to abandon 
her home as the result of attack and rob- 
bery with threats of death. 

Upon the reestablishment of the Re- 
public in 1902 Sra Castillo de Gonsales 
turned again to her pen; she prepared two 
small volumes ot verses, Trozos Guerreros 
and Apoteosis, which appeared the follow- 
ing year. She made visits to Italy and to 
France in 1904-5 and 1909 respectively; 




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during the former she translated, while in 
Naples, Gabriel D'Annunzio's La Figlia de 
Jovio. 

This was followed in 191 2 by Cuentos de 
Aurelia and Ignacio Agramonte en la Vida 
Privada. 

In 19 14 a complete edition of her writings 
was issued, comprising two volumes of 
poetry and three of prose. In 191 8 there 
was added a sixth volume made up of 
original writings and of translations from 
Italian, French, and English sources. 


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D U A N Y 


267 


DEMETRIO CASTILLO DUANY 

Soldier; man of affairs; 
administrator. 

Demetrio Castillo Duaxy was born 
in Santiago de Cuba on the seventeenth 
of November, 1856, into one of the leading 
families of the eastern region of Cuba and 
went for education to France. After spend- 
ing some years at the Lycee of Bordeaux 
he went on to the United States where he 
gave himself to the study of English and 
entered an established business house. 
In 1878, at the age of twenty-two, he re- 
turned to Santiago de Cuba to take charge 
of the interests of his mother. A year later 
the outbreak of the "little war" obliged 
him to emigrate to the United States where 
he remained until 1885. 

The outbreak of the War of Indepen- 
dence in 1895 found him ready for the final 




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struggle and he devoted himself to it with- 
out reserve. He joined the Revolutionary 
forces under Victoriano Garzon, was soon 
transferred to the staff of Jose Maceo and 
saw much arduous service under that re- 
doubtable chief. His valor and enterprise 
brought him rapid advancement. He 
became Lieutenant Colonel after the 
actions of Yerba de Guinea and la Curia 
and became Colonel after the battles at 
El Triunfo and Sao del Indio. Three days 
before the fatal encounter of Loma de 
Gato in which Maceo lost his life he pro- 
moted Duany to the rank of Brigadier 
General. 

When the United States entered the 
war against Spain, General Garcia selected 
Brigadier General Duany to confer with 
the American commanders and arrange 
for cooperation with them. In fulfillment 
of this commission General Duany con- 
ferred with Admiral Sampson on board 
the battleship New York to concert plans 
for the landing of American troops and to 
provide for joint action with the Cuban 
forces. Under his command the Cubans 


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D U A N Y 


269 


captured Siboney and thus reduced the 
risk of the disembarkation of the American 
force. He continued to cooperate with the 
Americans throughout the remainder of 
the war. 

When hostilities ceased he turned to 
politics. In 1898 he was named Governor 
of Santiago de Cuba and was later ap- 
pointed Civil Governor of the Eastern 
Province under the American Intervention. 
He was one of the founders of the Repub- 
lican party in Oriente which later merged 
with the Liberal party. In 1906 he was 
associated with the Revolutionary Com- 
mittee and was arrested and imprisoned 
until the arrival of the American commis- 
sioners who released him. Soon thereafter 
Governor Magoon appointed him Chief of 
the Penitentiary of the Republic. In con- 
sequence of the Revolution of 19 16- 17 he 
retired from office and resumed the life of 
a private citizen. 




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GUITERAS 


271 


JUAN GUITERAS 

Physician; author; man of 
science. 

Juan Guiteras was born in the city of 
Matanzas on the fourth of January, 1852, 
the son of Eusebio Guiteras and Josefa 
Gener, both members of families active 
in the higher life of Cuba. At the age of 
seven Guiteras was enrolled in the Colegio 
"La Empresa v founded by his father and 
his Uncle Antonio who was at the time at 
the head of the school. From this institu- 
tion he graduated Bachelor in Arts in 1867. 
At the University of Havana he came under 
the influence of Don Felipe Poey, the fore- 
most Cuban man of science of his time. 
Guiteras studied Natural History under 
him for the preparatory course in Medicine. 
He matriculated for the first year at the 
University of Havana, but in 1869 moved 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




to Philadelphia with his parents who were 
obliged to emigrate on account of the sym- 
pathies of the family with the revolution- 
ary movement for the independence of 
Cuba. Guiteras then entered upon the 
study of Medicine and graduated from the 
University of Pennsylvania in 1873, taking 
first prize for his thesis on the Development 
of the Skeleton as Influenced by Functional 
Activities. 

He completed a term of service as in- 
terne in the Philadelphia Hospital, 1873- 
74, and was Visiting Physician to the same, 
and clinical lecturer in Medicine from 1876 
to 1879. He soon won marked distinction 
in his special field of Pathology; he was 
selected by the American Government to 
study yellow fever in Havana in 1879; in 
the following year he was appointed Phy- 
sician in the United States Marine Hospi- 
tal Service; in 1886 he was made Professor 
of Medicine in the University of Charles- 
ton, S. C. He took a course in Pathology 
at Frankfort, Germany, under Weigert 
in 1889, and in the same year was called 
to the Chair of Pathology by his Alma 


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G U I T E R A S 


273 


Mater, the University of Pennsylvania. 
He was selected in 1890 by this University 
to investigate and report upon Koch's 
discovery of tuberculine. Whilst in Berlin 
he took a course on the Pathology of the 
Blood with Ehrlich, and laboratory courses 
with Israel, Pfeiffer, Jiirgens, and Giinther. 

At the outbreak of the war for the In- 
dependence of Cuba, in 1895, Dr. Guiteras, 
then in the United States, gave his best 
efforts to obtain recognition of Cuban 
belligerency by the American Government, 
and on the formation of the Cuban Re- 
public he devoted himself to strengthening 
the foundations of the new state, particu- 
larly laboring to give Cuba a sound and 
scientific national hygiene. In 1900 he 
founded the Review of Tropical Medicine. 
As colaborer with Dr. Finlay and his asso- 
ciates Reed, Carroll, Lazear, and Agra- 
monte he shared in the final demonstration 
of the transmission of yellow fever by the 
mosquito. Since 1909, as Director of 
Sanitation of Cuba, he has contributed 
largely to keeping the Republic free from 
epidemic diseases and reducing the liabil- 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




ity to those of endemic origin. In 1916 Dr. 
Guiteras was appointed in the International 
Health Commission of the Rockefeller 
Foundation to study yellow fever in South 
America, and has continued these inves- 
tigations up to the present year. 

He is Professor of General Pathology 
and Tropical Diseases in the University of 
Havana; Director of Health; President of 
the National Board of Health; Member 
of the Board for Infectious Diseases; 
Member of the Academy of Sciences and 
of the Sociedad de Estudios CUnicos of Ha- 
vana; Honorary Member of the Association 
of American Physicians; of the College of 
Physicians of Philadelphia; of the American 
Society of Tropical Medicine, and of the 
Academy of Medicine of Caracas. 

Among the most important contribu- 
tions of Dr. Guiteras to Medical Science 
the following may be mentioned: he dis- 
covered the filaria Bancrofti in the United 
States, 1886; he demonstrated the impor- 
tance of mild cases in the propagation of 
infectious diseases, especially in connection 
with the yellow fever of children in the 


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G U I T E R A S 


275 


endemic zone, 1887; in his teachings at the 
University of Pennsylvania he recognized 
the importance of functional disturbances 
in the development of structural changes, 
and endeavored to establish pathology on a 
physiological rather than an anatomical 
basis, 1889-99; he introduced in America 
the modern methods in Tropical Pathol- 
ogy, founding the first chair and the first 
journal on this specialty on the Continent 
in 1900; he discovered the existence of 
ankylostomiasis in Cuba; he contributed to 
the extinction of yellow fever, and estab- 
lished the importance of hydrocyanic 
fumigations in the extinction of plague. 

Dr. Guiteras has edited the Selected 
Papers of Dr. Carlos J. F inlay, published 
in Spanish and English by the Cuban 
Government in 191 2, and has contributed 
to scientific journals numerous articles 
on his specialty of Tropical Medicine, 
most of which are highly technical. 
Among them are: Notes on Pathology for 
Students of the University of Pennsylvania; 
" Experimental Yellow Fever" (Havana, 
1 901), American Medicine ; Recent Dis cover - 




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ies on Malaria and the Mosquito, 1900; 
Chappa, Aceopatia mutilante, 1904; Cartas 
sobre el Colera (Habana, 1911); " Insect 
Borne Diseases," Proceedings of the Second 
Pan-American Scientific Congress, vol. ix., 
1916. 



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GUTIERREZ QUIROS 


277 


MANUEL GUTIERREZ QUIROS 

Man of affairs; official. 

Manuel Gutierrez Quiros was born in 
Santa Clara on the twelfth of February, 
1856, and began his education at the Co- 
legio "Santo Domingo" in his native town 
whence he went in 1868 to the Colcgio "El 
Salvador, "then under the direction of the 
well-known author and educator Serior 
Jose Maria Zayas. 

As a result of the revolutionary activities 
of his father and the consequent confisca- 
tion of all his property by the Spanish 
Government, Gutierrez was thrown upon 
his own resources while yet quite young. 
At the age of nineteen he became a teacher, 
but shortly afterwards gave up the pro- 
fession to enter business, by which he had 
acquired some capital when in 1897, during 
the Revolution, being President of the 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Revolutionary Board of Sagua la Grande, 
he was arrested and lodged for a period of 
eight months in the prison of the Cabana 
Fort. 

On being released he went to Jamaica 
where he remained until the end of the war. 
Thereupon he came back to Cuba and set 
himself to restore his shattered fortunes, 
in which he was successful. 

Senor Gutierrez has taken an active part 
in politics. As a friend and co-religionist 
of General Jose Miguel Gomez he became 
Representative for Santa Clara, later 
Mayor of Sagua la Grande, and also Minis- 
ter of Hacienda in the Cabinet of President 
Gomez. 

He has maintained an active interest in 
literature and has published a book of 
poems. 


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CARBONELL 


279 


JOSE MANUEL CARBONELL 

Soldier; author; orator. 

Jose Manuel Carbonell y Rivero was 
born in July, 1880, in Alquizar, Province 
of Havana. When he was an infant his 
parents moved to the United States where 
he obtained his early education. From his 
boyhood he was a revolutionist and a dis- 
ciple of Jose Marti, "the liberator. " When 
the War of Independence broke out Car- 
bonell, then fifteen years old, joined one 
of the expeditions fitted out in the United 
States and remained in the field for a time. 
Later he returned to Tampa, Florida, and 
served with Pastor Moinelo, Carlos Bois- 
sier, Octavio Garcia Campos, and Fernando 
de Zayas in the campaign of propaganda, 
founding and editing the magazine, El 
expedicionario, and contributing to various 
other periodicals. 




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At the end of the war he came to Havana, 
resumed his studies in the Institute, and 
ultimately obtained the degree of Doctor of 
Civil Laws in the University. He began 
to be known also as a writer of verse and a 
public speaker. When the Republic was 
constituted in 1902 Carbonell, and his inti- 
mate friend, Jose Maria Collantes, organized 
a great celebration in honor of Marti. 
President Palma presided and the oration 
of Carbonell was the event of the occasion. 
Since that time he has spoken many times 
at the Ateneo of which he w.as the origina- 
tor and which he served as secretary for 
two years. His most notable work as an 
orator was done in the campaign for the 
election of General Jose Miguel Gomez as 
President. Together with Senores Mendieta, 
Ferrara, and Villuendas he toured the coun- 
try, organizing and inspiring the masses. 

When the Revolution of 1906 broke out 
Carbonell joined it; in fact was one of the 
first to take the field after a fiery speech 
in which he used the phrase, often since 
repeated, "hay que sacar los collins (ma- 
chetes) de sus vainas!" For his services 


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CARBONELL 


281 


in this brief revolution he was rewarded 
with the rank of Brigadier General. 

Since that time he has given much time 
to poetry and has both recited and pub- 
lished numerous poems which have been 
received with popular approval. Together 
with his brother Nestor and Sr. Felix 
Callejas, he founded the magazine Letras. 
He has also held various positions in the 
field of- education — Chief of Section of 
General Superintendents; Secretary of the 
Committee of Superintendents; Provincial 
Superintendent of Havana, etc., etc. 

In 1 9 10 he was Cuban Delegate to the 
Fourth Pan-American Conference held in 
Buenos-Aires; in 191 1 he was Cuban Dele- 
gate at the Coronation of King George V. 
He is President of the Section of Literature 
of the National Academy of Arts and Sci- 
ences ; President of the Geographical Society 
of Cuba; Compiler of the works of Jesus Cas- 
tellanos and Enrique Hernandez Miyares. 

He is author of: P atria, Poems; Pena- 
chos y Mi libro de amor, Poems; Discursos 
y Conferencias; Pdginas literarias; Oyendo 
a mi padre. 




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REQUEIJO 


283 


EMILIO AL AM ILL A REQUEIJO 

Physician. 

Emilio Alamilla Requeijo was born 
on the twenty-sixth of January, 1872, in 
Havana, where he gained his early educa- 
tion in the Colegio of Belen, completed 
the courses for the Bachelor's degree in 
the Central Institute, and later entered the 
University to study the Physico-Chemical 
Sciences and Medicine. There also he 
obtained the degree of Doctor of Medicine 
in 1895. 

Dr. Alamilla graduated at the time of the 
War of Independence but because of the 
imprisonment of his political associate, Dr. 
Jose A. Gonzalez Lanuza, he took refuge 
in the United States where he remained 
until the war was over, practicing his pro- 
fession in various hospitals of Atlanta 
(Georgia) and New York. 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




In 1903 he set up, in cooperation with 
Drs. Carlos Desvernine and Martinez 
Mesa, the first Institute of Radiotherapy 
and Electrotherapy that had been seen in 
Cuba. In 1908 he was appointed Professor 
of Physics in the Institute of Havana and 
when, under the plan of Varona, the edu- 
cational system was reformed, he entered 
the competitive examination for the Chair 
of Physics and Chemistry in the Institute, 
was successful, and has continued to occupy 
this post. 

In 1 910 he was appointed Director of the 
Department of Electrotherapy and Radio- 
therapy in the Centro Gallego (Gallician 
Club). 

Dr. Alamilla has contributed occasional 
articles to the medical press, among which 
are: Tratamiento del penfigo por los Rayos 
Fins en; Las radioder mitts, 1905. 


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A G U A Y O 



285 



ALFREDO M. AGUAYO 

Educator; author. 

Alfredo M. Aguayo y Sanchez was 
born in Porto Rico on the twenty-eighth 
of March, 1S66. While he was still a child 
his family moved to Havana where he 
gained his education, obtaining the de- 
grees of Licentiate in Law and Doctor in 
Pedagogy. He was appointed Superin- 
tendent of Schools for the Province of 
Havana and later became Professor of 
Pedagogical Psychology, History of Peda- 
gogy and School Hygiene in the University 
of Havana. 

Dr. Aguayo founded, and for a number 
of years edited, the Magazine of Education 
of Havana, and in 191 2 established the 
Laboratory of Child Study {Paidologia) 
in the University. 

He has written much, both as contribu- 



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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




tor to magazines and as author of serious 
books. Among his works are: La escuela 
primaria co-mo debe ser; Ensenanza de la 
lengua mater na, en la escuela primaria; 
Pedagogia del escolar (translated from the 
German); Luis Vives como educador; La 
pedagogia en las universidades; Concepto de 
la apercepcion con las principales deter mina- 
ciones y su aplicacion a la doctrina del 
metodo; La pedagogia de las escuelas secun- 
darias; Las escuelas normales y su organiza- 
cion en Cuba; Los laboratories de paidologia 
y las clinic as psicologicas; Desarrollo y 
educacion del poder de observacion; Elogio 
del Dr. Manuel Valdes Rodriguez; Ideas 
pedagogicas del Padre Varela; Geo graft a 
elemental; Geografia de Cuba; Elementos de 
Aritmetica; Estudio de la naturaleza, etc. 


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MONTAGU 


287 


L-GUILLERMO DE MONTAGU 

Lawyer; official; author, 

Guillermo de Montagu was born in 
San Juan y Martinez, Province of Pinar 
del Rio, Cuba, on the twelfth of December, 
1881, His early education was obtained in 
Barcelona, Spain, whither his family moved 
in his infancy, but they returned to Cuba 
in 1890 and he entered the Institute of 
Pinar del Rio where he completed the 
courses for the Bachelor's degree, there- 
after continuing in the University of Ha- 
vana where he obtained the degree of 
Doctor of Laws in 1905. 

Some years earlier, in 1901, while he was 
still a student, he began to write articles 
on legal subjects for the Magazine of Law 
(Revista del Derecho) of Havana, his topics 
being " El Protectorado"; " El hipnotismo 
en Derecho Penal " ; "La Premeditacion"; 




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CUBAN vS OF TO-DAY 




"La Familia"; "La doctrina italiana en 
Derecho International Privado," etc., etc. 
In due course he began also to publish 
poems and to appear as a political speaker, 
and won the prize in competition organized 
by the Havana magazine El Figaro, for five 
sonnets dedicated to Marti, the glorious 
liberator of Cuba. 

In June, 1905, Dr. Montagu opened his 
office as a lawyer in Pinar del Rio where he 
lived and where he has practiced as a 
lawyer since 1905 and as a Notary since 
1909. He has held many offices, pro- 
fessional and other, among them that of 
Official Attorney of the Provincial Court, 
1906; Judge of the First Instance, 1906-07; 
Deputy Prosecuting Attorney, 1907; Mem- 
ber of various committees of Judges for 
Examination of Notaries, 1908-1916; Pro- 
fessor in the Institute of Pinar del Rio, 
1908-1911; Treasurer of the Association of 
Notaries, 191 2-17; and First Censor of the 
same. 

In addition to these posts, Dr. Montagu 
has held that of Secretary of Conventions 
— both Provincial and National — of the 


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MONTAGU 


289 


Liberal Party; president of the Patriotic 
Association (Asociacion Patria) and Repre- 
sentative in the Provincial Legislature, 
1910. 

Along with his professional activities, 
he has had a productive literary career. 
In 1908 he won the first prize in a poetical 
contest in the National Theater. In 19 10 
he gave an address and read verses in 
; commemoration of the distinguished Cuban 
author Jesus Castellanos. In 191 1 on a 
visit to Spain he gave various lectures and 
addresses in the Ateneos of Barcelona and 
Madrid. 

He has contributed to many magazines 
and reviews and has published the follow- 
ing works: Poesfas (1906); A la Patria 
(1908); Iris (1909); Monografias de la Re- 
vista de Derecho (1901); Cirilo Villaverde: 
estudio de su vida y obras (1909); Martin 
Perez, Novela (19 10); La Fuga (191 2); 
Notas y Apuntes para un sistema de legisla- 
tion agraria (1913); Consider aciones acerca 
de la Ley que senala el origen y rige el desen- 
vohimiento de la humanidad (1918). 




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BETA N COURT 


291 


PEDRO E. BETANCOURT 

Soldier; official. 

Pedro E. Betancourt y Doyalos was 
born in 1858 and baptized in Seiba Mocha, 
Province of Matanzas. Having chosen 
Medicine for his profession he studied 
first in Philadelphia and later in Madrid 
where he graduated in 188 1. He returned 
to Matanzas to practice his profession, but 
when the War of Independence broke out 
in 1895 he was one of the first to take part 
in it. As President of the Revolutionary 
Club of the Western part of the Island he 
was charged with the selection and organi- 
zation of the revolutionary forces of the 
Province of Matanzas and was one of the 
members of the ill-fated force that took 
up arms in Matanzas on the twenty-fourth 
of February, 1895. When this force was 
defeated and scattered Betancourt was 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




captured, imprisoned for a time in the 
Castle of San Severino, later in Havana 
and finally exiled to Spain. There he en- 
countered General Calixto Garcia with 
whose assistance he succeeded in escaping 
to France. Once in Paris he joined with 
the famous Dr. Betances to execute the 
commissions affecting France and England 
which had been entrusted to him by Gen- 
eral Garcia. These fulfilled, he went on to 
New York where he joined the Revolution- 
ary Committee working for the war. He 
served in an expedition organized by Gen- 
eral Francisco Carrillo which was detained 
in Wilmington (Delaware) by the United 
States authorities. The members of the 
expedition were placed on trial, acquitted, 
and set at liberty; whereupon Betancourt 
joined three other expeditions one after 
the other, all of which were stopped in the 
same way by the American authorities. 

In a fourth expedition Betancourt and 
his companions were taken prisoners in the 
Bahamas by the British Cruiser Partridge 
and imprisoned in Nassau where again they 
were tried, acquitted, and set at liberty. 


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BETA N COURT 



Once more Betancourt returned to New 
York and on the next attempt succeeded 
in landing on the coast of Cuba under the 
direction of General Garcia. 

During the rest of the war he fought in 
Matanzas, under General Lacret, and at its 
close was at the head of the revolutionary 
forces in that province with the rank of 
Major General. 

After the war he was appointed Civil 
Governor of Matanzas; later Member of 
the Constituent Convention and also one 
of those designated by the Assembly to 
discuss with President McKinley the actual 
significance of the Piatt Amendment. 

He was elected Senator in the first Legis- 
lature of Cuba, but later retired from 
public life to devote himself to agricultural 
interests. 



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I R A I Z 0 Z 


295 


ANTONIO IRAIZOZ Y DEL VILLAR 

Journalist; author. 

Antonio Iraizoz y del Villar was born 
on the fourteenth of June, 1890, in Ha- 
vana, where he received his education and 
where he has had his career. He studied 
at the Colegio "La Gran Antilla" and 
completed the course leading to the degree 
of Bachelor of Arts and Sciences. Obtain- 
ing also the degree of public teacher he 
entered the profession and taught in the 
schools for five years. Perceiving, how- 
ever, that his true vocation lay in journal- 
ism, he served on the editorial staffs of 
several Havana papers, including La Dis- 
cusion, La Prensa, and La Lucha and later 
became editor-in-chief of P atria. In 191 3 
he became editor-in-chief of La Noche, an 
important evening paper, and has con- 
tinued at that post. 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Sr. Iraizoz is deeply interested in 
Masonry. He holds a high rank in the 
order — that of " Venerable Maestro de la 
Logia Fe," and has devoted long and 
patient study to the history, ideals, and 
achievements of Masonry. In this field 
he has published: La Masoneria y las ten- 
dencias al nacionalismo. He is also author 
of: El sentimiento religioso en la literatura 
espanola, and Sensaciones del momento. 


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ORTEGA 


297 


LUIS ORTEGA Y BOLANOS 

Physician; teacher. 

Luis Ortega y Bolanos was born on 
the sixteenth of July, 1872, in the city of 
Cienfuegos and there, in the Colegio of the 
Jesuit Fathers he received his early educa- 
tion. Later he went to Havana where he 
entered the University and gained the 
degree of Licentiate in Medicine in 1896 
and that of Doctor in 1899. 

When the Spanish-American War broke 
out he removed to Mexico where he re- 
mained, practicing his profession, until 
peace was signed when he returned to 
Cuba. 

He served as Interne in the Hospital of 
Nuestra Sehora de las Mercedes, and later 
as Head Interne for ten years. In 1906 he 
entered the competitive examination for 
the post of Professor of Clinical Medicine 




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in the University, was successful and has 
continued to hold the chair from that time. 

Dr. Ortega is Visiting Physician to the 
Centro Asturiano (Asturian Club) and 
Director of the Clinic "Raimundo Meno- 
cal"; Member of the Anti-Tuberculosis 
League and was Vice-secretary of the 
Second National Medical Congress (Ha- 
vana, 1908). He is also a frequent contri- 
butor to medical journals and is author 
of: La Epidemia actual de influenza, 191 8; 
Estudio clinico de una epidemia de grippe- 
paludismo, 1898; I Por que deben bafiarse 
los ninos? 1900; I Como evitar la tuberculosis 
en Cuba? 1902; Primer ensayo sobre la 
distribucion geogrdfica de la tuberculosis en 
Cuba, 1904. 


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DEL CUE TO 


299 


JOSE A. DEL CUETO 

Jurist; teacher; Chief Jus- 
tice of Cuba. 

Jose A. del Cueto was born in the year 
1854 in the city of Havana, but pursued 
his legal studies abroad at the Central Uni- 
versity of Madrid where he obtained the 
degrees of Licentiate in Administrative 
Law, as well as in Philosophy and Letters, 
and Doctor in Civil and Canon Law. He 
finished his course of study in 1875 and 
was given the title of Advocate as an ex- 
traordinary distinction. Afterwards he 
won, in competitive examination, the post 
of Professor of Mercantile Law, in the 
University of Havana which he retained 
for thirty years. 

He was a Member of the Autonomist 
party which labored in vain to secure for 
Cuba her own government without sever- 
ing the relation with Spain. In the last 




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years of the nineteenth century when the 
Spanish Government — at too late a date — 
consented to set up an Autonomous govern- 
ment, he went as Deputy to the Spanish 
Cortes and was also President of the In- 
sular House of Representatives during the 
brief experiment of the Autonomist Gov- 
ernment. 

Senor Cueto has served as Dean of the 
Bar Association (Colegio de Abogados) of 
Havana, and Dean of the Law School. 

On the ninth of June, 191 7, he was ap- 
pointed President of the Supreme Court of 
Cuba. Thereupon he resigned his position 
as Professor in the University but was 
made Honorary Professor, being the first 
to be honored with this title. 


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CASARIEGO 


301 


ARTURO GARCIA CASARIEGO 

Physician; teacher. 

Arturo Garcia Casariego was born 
in Cif uentes in the year 1885. He chose the 
medical career at an early age and pursued 
his education for the profession in Spain, 
Paris, London, and New York. He gained 
his degree with distinction of Doctor of 
Medicine at the University of Havana in 
1906 and served as Student-externe and 
Student-interne in the Mercedes Hospital; 
Assistant and afterwards Professor in the 
Faculty of Medicine of the University; 
Chief of the Laboratory and Professor of 
the Faculty of Hospital Surgeons; Physi- 
cian of the "Covadonga" Infirmary as 
well as of the "Tamayo" Dispensary. 

While he was still a student he was one 
of the founders of the magazine of the 
School of Medicine and has since served 




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on the editorial staffs of medical journals 
to which he is an occasional contributor. 
He is the author of: El Diagnostico y 
tratamiento de las enfermedades de las vias 
urinarias, Habana, 191 7. Projilaxis de las 
enfermedades venereas, Habana. Prostatec- 
tomia transvesical, Habana. 


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H E N A R E S 


303 


FRANCISCO HENARES Y BRIEGA 

Engineer; teacher; illustrator. 

Francisco Henares y Briega was 
born in the year 1872 in Seville, Spain, and 
was chiefly educated in Spanish schools 
and colleges, at Zaragoza, at Madrid, and 
also at Barcelona where he studied draw- 
ing and painting in the Academy of Fine 
Arts. 

Later he entered the University of Ha- 
vana and obtained the degrees of Doctor 
of Sciences and Doctor of Pharmacy, 
Agricultural Engineering and Sugar Pro- 
duction. 

In 1900 he won, in competitive examina- 
tion, the chair of Sugar-making, and its 
derived industries, Industrial Chemistry 
and Agricultural Chemistry. 

Dr. Henares is a member of the National 
Academy of Arts and Letters, and its 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Treasurer; and President of the National 
Association of Agriculturists, Chemists, 
and Sugar-growers. 

In the field of the illustrator Dr. Henares 
has produced the greater part of the pic- 
tures in the books used in primary educa- 
tion in Cuba including Vidal Morales' s 
Historia de Cuba; Dr. de la Torre's series of 
readers, Dr. Borrero Echevarria's reading 
books, the books of Dr. Aguayo, Nature 
Study, etc. 


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Gabriel Casuso 



CASUSO 


305 


GABRIEL CASUSO 

Physician; educator; Rec- 
tor of the University of 
Havana. 

Gabriel Casuso was born in Matanzas 
in 1850. He was educated partly in Ha- 
vana, partly in Madrid, and partly in Paris. 
He devoted himself to Medicine and gradu- 
ated in Medicine in Madrid, in Surgery in 
Paris, and in Dental Surgery at the Uni- 
versity of Havana where he received the 
Doctor's degree. 

He took part in the Ten Years' War 
(1868-78), serving for five years with the 
Cuban forces. 

By competitive examination he won the 
chair of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the 
Medical School and concerned himself 
solely with university education and his 
profession until the War of Independence 
broke out, when he was seized by the 




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Spanish authorities, imprisoned and de- 
ported, being unable to return to Cuba 
until peace was concluded. 

On his return he resumed his university 
relations and was elected three successive 
times Dean of the Faculty of Medicine 
and Pharmacy. 

In 191 5 he was elected Rector of the 
University and in 191 8 reelected to this 
post. 

During the Presidency of Tomas Es- 
trada Palma Dr. Casuso held the position 
of Secretary of Agriculture. 

He has been editor of the professional 
journal Progreso Medico, to which and to 
other medical periodicals he has contri- 
buted a great number of articles particu- 
larly upon prophylaxis. 

In 1 88 1 he published an article entitled 
Cirugia antiseptica, and from that time 
on continued to labor for the populariza- 
tion of prophylaxis and the use of anti- 
septics. 


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SALADRIGAS 


307 


ENRIQUE SALADRIGAS Y LUNAR 
Physician; teacher. 

Enrique Saladrigas y Lunar was born 
on the twenty-third of December, 1864, in 
Havana where he was educated privately 
until he entered the University. Here 
he obtained the degrees of Licentiate in 
Medicine in 1888 and of Doctor in 1896. 

Dr. Saladrigas has been a teacher and a 
scholar all his life. As early as 1892 he 
was Honorary Professor of Medicine. A 
few years later he became Free Professor 
of General Pathology and in due course, 
by the path of competitive examinations, 
he won the positions of First Auxiliary 
Professor and then of full Professor of 
Clinical Medicine. 

Meantime he continued actively in the 
practice of his profession and served as 
Interne in the Mercedes Hospital, Visiting 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Physician (1896), and Surgeon in 1905. 
Later he was Physician to Hospital Num- 
ber One and Inspector of Public Health. 

Dr. Saladrigas is a member of various 
scientific associations and is editor-in- 
chief of the medical journal el Pr ogres 0 
Medico. 

He is a frequent contributor to the medi- 
cal press and is author of : Consider aciones 
generates sobre la disenteria observada en la 
Isla de Cuba en la epidemia actual (Diciem- 
brede 1807), Habana, 1898; Pericarditis de 
origen agudo, 1898; Los tuber culosos taqui- 
cdrdicos y 1899; Pardlisis atrofica escdpulo 
humeral, 1 1900; Lecciones cltnicas sobre la 
aorta; Consider aciones generates acerca de 
la tuberculosis pulmonar y su tratamiento; 
Sueroterapia; Estudios clinicos de la neu- 
mococcia y estretococcia; Estudios clinicos 
de to das las afecciones cardiacas; Estudios 
clinicos sobre la nefritis; El papel de las 
sanguijuelas en las inflamaciones ; Amputa- 
ciones, Apendiceptomia; Cancer del recto- 
Operaciones; Uretrotomias; Nefrectomias, 
etc. 


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CESPEDES 


309 


CARLOS MIGUEL DE CESPEDES 

Lawyer; financier; politician. 

Carlos Miguel de Cespedes y Ortiz 
was born on the sixth of August, 1881, in 
Matanzas where he passed through the 
earlier stages of education, thence passing 
to Santa Clara where he took the courses 
necessary for the Bachelor's degree in the 
Institute and finally entering the Uni- 
versity of Havana where he graduated as 
Doctor of Civil and Public Law while he 
was still a minor. 

On account of his youth he accepted a 
post as Clerk in the Department of Justice 
where he continued until 1905 when he 
resigned to practice his profession in as- 
sociation with Dr. Jose Manuel Cortina. 

In 1909 he was appointed Consulting 
Attorney to the Department of Public 
Works. In 191 1 he took part in organizing 




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the Ports Company of Cuba. He has also 
been managing Director of development 
companies in the suburbs of Havana and 
counsel of the bank for rural development 
(Banco de Fomento Agrario). 

Dr. Cespedes belongs to the Liberal 
party and took part in the uprising directed 
by General Jose Miguel Gomez in 1916. 
He was made prisoner in the incident of 
Caicaje and kept in jail along with General 
Gomez and other partisans until the Act of 
Amnesty was passed by Congress. 

Since these events Dr. Cespedes has 
devoted himself to his profession. 


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GALARR A G A 


311 


GUSTAVO SANCHEZ GALARRAGA 

Poet. 

Gustavo Sanchez Galarraga was born 
on the second of February, 1893, in the city 
of Havana and there received his education, 
first at the Colegio Belen maintained by 
the Jesuit Fathers and later, to the com- 
pletion of the course for the Bachelor's 
degree, by himself. 

He has been President of the society 
"Fomento del Teatro Nacional" as also 
of the Section of Literature in the Ateneo 
of Havana. In 191 5 he was crowned by 
the National Academy of Arts and Letters 
for a poem and in 1918 he received a similar 
honor for another poem inspired by the 
World War. 

He is the author of: La Fuente matinal 
(Poems); Ldmpara votiva (Poem); La 
barca sonora (Poems); El jar din de Mar- 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




garita; Copos de sueno; Motivos sentimen- 
tales; La Princes a buena; Glosas del camino. 

El arte teatral en Cuba; Un poeta crepus- 
cular; La verdad de la vida; La mascara de 
anoche; La vida falsa; La escuela de los 
padres; El fantasma; Libertad de corazon; 
Lo invulnerable; La fuga de la tojosa; La 
colmena; El mundo de los munecos; El buen 
camino; La caravana, etc. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



SANGUILY 


313 


MANUEL SANGUILY 

Soldier; author; adminis- 
trator. 

Manuel Sanguily y Garritt was born 
on the twenty-sixth of March, 1848, in Ha- 
vana and had the good fortune to enter the 
Colegio "El Salvador" while the famous 
educator, Dr. Jose de la Luz Caballero was 
at its head. Later he began the study of 
the law at the University, but the Ten 
Years' War (1868-78) supervening, he 
left the academic life for the field. The 
Peace of Zanjon (1878) found him in New 
York where he had been sent in 1877 by the 
Revolutionary Government with the rank 
of Colonel to act as Secretary to his brother, 
Major General Julio Sanguily. 

When peace was made he went to Spain 
and in 1879 completed his law studies in 
the University of Madrid, returning in 
1880 .to enter the office of Dr. Antonio 




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3H 


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Gonzalez de Mendoza in Havana. There 
he served as clerk, but was not able to 
practice in his own name because he was 
unwilling to take the oath (of loyalty) 
required in the Courts as a prerequisite. 
Afterwards he got his living for a time by 
giving lessons in private houses, but turned 
his attention to literature acting as the sole 
editor of Dr. Enrique J. Varona's magazine, 
the Revista Cubana, and later of Hojas 
Liter arias which he founded in 1893. 

During the War of Independence, 1895- 
98, Colonel Sanguily emigrated with his 
family to the United States, returning at its 
close to act as a member of the Assembly 
of Santa Cruz which appointed him to the 
Commission which went, with Major 
General Caltxto Garcia at its head, to 
Washington to obtain aid for the Cuban 
forces so that they might have the means 
of existence when they disbanded. In 
1 90 1 he began his career as a public man 
when he was made a member of the Con- 
stitutional Convention for the Province of 
Havana. Later he held the offices of 
Director of the Institute of Havana; Sena- 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



SANG U I L Y 


315 


tor for the Province of Matanzas; President 
of the Senate; Delegate to the Second In- 
ternational Peace Conference at The 
Hague (1907); Secretary of State in the 
Cabinet of President Gomez; Inspector 
General of the Armed Forces of Cuba, and 
Director of the Military Academy. 

Colonel Sanguily is the author of many 
articles, as also many orations and ad- 
dresses — for he enjoys a distinguished re- 
putation as an orator — and among his 
publications are some which gained a wide 
reading: Los Caribes de la Isla, Havana, 
1884; Un insurrecto Cubano en la Corte, 
Havana, 1888; Cespedesy Marti, New York, 
1905; Cuba y la Furia Espanola, New 
York; Victoria de las Tunas, New York, 
1897; Jose de la Luz Caballero. 




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DE CASTRO 



RAFAEL FERXAXDEZ DE CASTRO 

Sugar planter; man of 
affairs. 

Rafael Fernandez de Castro was 
born in Regla, a suburb of Havana, in 
1856, and after passing through the higher 
grades of school at the Colegio Belen, he 
there took his B . A . degree in 1873. He then 
went to Seville and Madrid, graduating 
in those famous universities as Doctor of 
Philosophy and Letters. 

Returning to Cuba in 1878 he practiced 
his profession as a lawyer and. in 1880 
was appointed Auxiliary Professor in the 
University of Havana. In 1882, after a 
competitive examination, he was appointed 
to the Chair of Universal History. 

His first experience in politics was in 
1 88 1 as Provincial Deputy for the District 
of Jaruco in the Province of Havana. In 
1886 he was elected Deputy to the Spanish 



317 



HISPANIC NOTES I 



3X8 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Cortes for the Province of Santa Clara, a 
post which he held until 1890 and was re- 
elected in 1893 for the Province of Havana. 

Between these two periods, namely in 
1 89 1, he was the representative in Madrid 
of the Planters' Association of the Island 
of Cuba upon the Commission that was 
appointed by the Spanish Government for 
the purpose of securing economic data 
concerning its colonies. 

During the War of Independence, de 
Castro withdrew entirely from political 
affairs, but when the Spanish Government, 
in 1898, decreed autonomy for Cuba, he 
returned to public life and helped in the 
organization of the new system, being 
elected a representative in the Cuban 
House. 

At the beginning of the war between 
Spain and the United States, he was named 
Civil Governor of the Province of Havana, 
a difficult task. While the Island was being 
blockaded by the American Navy he made 
tremendous and successful efforts to avoid 
rioting in the Capital and to assist those 
who were suffering from hunger. He or- 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



DE CASTRO 


319 


ganized the free kitchens at which over 
seventy-five thousand people were fed 
each day. His work at that difficult period 
earned him the praise of Miss Clara Barton, 
the Spanish Government decorated him 
with the Gran Cruz de Beneficencia for his 
services and the Municipal Council of Ha- 
vana presented him with a medal com- 
memorative of the Blockade. That body 
also desired to erect a statue in his honor 
in the San Juan de Dios or the Paula'Park, 
both of which he had caused to be rebuilt. 
Dr. de Castro accepted the medal, but 
refused to allow any statue to be erected to 
him, or to permit either of the parks to be 
named after him. He based his objections 
on the fact that such honors should be 
posthumous. 

In 1899 he delivered the City of Havana 
to General William Ludlow, coincident 
with the delivery of the Island to General 
Brooke by General Castellanos in com- 
pliance with the provisions of the Treaty 
of Paris, Dr. de Castro then retired to 
private life. Since that time he has de- 
voted himself to the development of the 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




sugar plantations established by his father, 
which are known under the name of the 
Pedro Fernandez de Castro Sugar Com- 
pany. 

1 


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HISPANIC NOTES 




Victorino Trelles 



TRELLES 


321 


VICTORINO TRELLES 

Physician; teacher. 

Victortno Trelles Esturba was born 
in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on the eighth 
of November, 1870, but at an early age 
came to Cuba and was educated in Ha- 
vana. In 1885, he entered the Institute; 
in 1888 he gained the standing of Perito 
Mercantile in the following year that of 
Professor Mercantile and in 1891 graduated 
as Bachelor. In the same year he entered 
the University where in 1897 he obtained 
the degree of Licentiate in Physico-Mathe- 
matical Sciences and in the following year 
that of Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery. 
In 1899 he was made Doctor in Physico- 
Mathematical Sciences, and in 1900 was 
appointed Auxiliary Professor of Science. 
In the same year in competitive examina- 
tion he won the rank of Auxiliary Professor, 




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322 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Head of the Department of Astronomy, 
and in 191 1 he was advanced to the Chair 
of Rational Mechanics, Astronomy, and 
Cosmology in the Faculty of Letters and 
Sciences. 

During the year 1895 he was Assistant 
in the Anatomical Department and externe 
student in the clinic of obstetrics in the 
Faculty of Medicine. While he was a 
student he won a great number of prizes 
for distinction in scholarship, not only in 
the Institute but also in the University. 

He has contributed articles to various 
periodicals and is the author of: Criterios 
que pueden invocarse para establecer la 
irresponsabilidad de ciertos ados criminales. 
Habana, 1898. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



FERNANDEZ 


323 


WIFREDO FERNANDEZ 

Journalist; public man. 

Wifredo Fernandez y Vega was born 
in Consolacion del Sur, Pinar del Rio, on 
the eleventh of October, 1881, and gained 
his early education in his native town at 
the Colegio "La Union" where he com- 
pleted the courses for the Bachelor's degree. 

At the close of the War of Independence 
in 1898 he went to Spain, but in 1900 he 
returned to Cuba, settled in Havana and 
entered upon the career of a journalist. 
While he was still a student he had served 
on the staff of more than one newspaper 
and now at the age of eighteen he became 
one of the editors of El Comer do where he 
devoted himself so vigorously to his duties 
that three years later, on attaining his 
majority, he was made Editor-in-Chief 
which position he has maintained. Mean- 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




time he has continued to contribute to the 
various literary magazines of Cuba. 

In 1 910 he was elected Representative 
for his native province and has served on 
the important Committees of Estimates 
and Public Works. He is a member of the 
Conservative party and a member of the 
Executive Committee of the organization. 
He has introduced several bills of impor- 
tance, among which was that for the crea- 
tion of a Statistical Committee of Social 
and Economic Reforms. He is a fighting 
journalist and President of the Press 
Association. 

Sr. Fernandez is the author of: El pueblo 
cubano es virtuoso; La responsabilidad de sus 
clases director as. Habana, 1909; Los pre- 
supuestos de ign a IQ12. Habana, 191 1; 
Cuba. Cielo, dicha y esperanza de todos. 
Habana, 191 1 ; iCuba es la P atria del " Poco 
mas 0 ntenos"? Ni protector ado, ni Repub- 
lica. Habana, 1913; Articulos y discursos. 
Habana, 1914; DefensadelCongreso Cubano. 
Habana, 191 5; Problemas cubanos. Ha- 
bana, 19 16. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



A L BER'T I N I 


325 


OSCAR DIAZ ALBERTINI 

Lawyer; official. 

Oscar Diaz Albertini y de Cardenas 
was born on the twelfth of February, 1887, 
in the city of Havana where, except for a 
short stay in the United States, he has 
lived and where he gained his education. 
He obtained the degree of Doctor in Civil 
Law at the University of Havana on the 
second of June, 191 1, having previously 
won that of Bachelor of Letters and 
Sciences. 

On leaving the University, Dr. Albertini 
entered the law office of the distinguished 
lawyers and statesmen, Doctors Lanuza 
and Desvernine ; where he continued to 
practice until the duties of public office 
engrossed his time. 

On the third of June, 1913, he was ap- 

jJUIIlLCLL V^IllCl V^iCl iv Ul X 1 \J V lilLlcil dllLi 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Municipal Affairs in the Department of 
Gobernacidn, and on the thirteenth of 
January, 19 14, he gave up these duties to 
assume similar responsibilities in the State 
Department. On the fifth of April, 191 5, 
he was appointed Director of the Division 
of Justice in the State Department under 
Secretary Desvernine. 

Dr. Albertini has served as Membsr of 
the Revisory Committee on the application 
of the Law of Workmen's Insurance and 
Member of the Commission for the study 
of Industry, Commerce, and Navigation. 


i : 


HISPANIC NOTES 



DE CARRION 


327 


MIGUEL DE CARRION Y CARDENAS 

Physician; surgeon; teach- 
er; writer. 

Miguel de Carrion y Cardenas was 
born on the ninth of April, 1875, in Havana, 
and there gained his early education; but 
when he was twenty, in 1S95, he left Cuba 
for the United States where he remained 
for some years. 

On his return to Cuba he gave himself 
for some years to a literary career and it 
was not until 1907 that he resumed his 
formal studies and gained the degree of 
Doctor in Medicine in the University of 
Havana. Meantime he continued to serve 
as a journalist and in 191 2 was a member 
of the staff of El Dia, and editor-in-chief 
of El Sol. Later he joined the staff of La 
Lucha on which he has continued as edi- 
torial writer. 




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In 19 1 8 he won in competitive examina- 
tion the Chair of Anatomy and Physiology 
in the Normal School of Havana. 

Dr. Carrion has been a contributor both 
to periodicals and to medical journals and 
is author of: La Ultima Voluntad, Short 
stories, 1903; El Milagro, Novel, 1904; 
Las Honradas, Novel, 1906; Las Impuras, 
Novel, 1 91 9. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



SEGUI 


329 


DOMINGO HERNANDO SEGUI 

Physician. 

Domingo Hernando Segui was born 
on the sixth of January, 1862, in the city of 
Havana and there he received his education 
in the Colegio of Belen maintained by the 
Jesuit Fathers and in the University of 
Havana. He holds the three degrees of 
Doctor in Medicine, Doctor in Pharmacy, 
and Doctor in Natural Sciences and is 
Professor of Medicine and Pharmacy in 
the University. 

Dr. Segui is a member of the Academy of 
Sciences of Havana. 

In 1 9 10 he founded the Revista de Enfer- 
medades de garganta, nariz y oidos which he 
maintained and published for three years, 
contributing many articles to its pages. 
He has also written much in other medical 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




journals and is author of: La presion ar- 
terial y la tuberculosis pulmonar en Cuba, 
1905); Epistaxis. Focos hemorrdgicos, Ha- 
bana, 1907. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



AVERHOFF 


331 


OCTAVIO AVERHOFF Y PLA 

Lawyer; teacher. 

Octavio Averhoff y Pla was born on 
the fifth of March, 1876, in Havana, where 
he was educated and has passed his life. 
His early education was obtained in El 
Progreso the private school of primary and 
secondary education maintained by the 
distinguished scholar and naturalist, Dr. 
Carlos de la Torre. Later Averhoff at- 
tended the University of Havana and there 
he obtained the degree of Doctor of Laws 
in the year 1896, before he was yet twenty 
years old. In the following year he was 
appointed Professor in the University and 
in 1902 he won in competitive examination 
the chair of Roman Law. 

Meanwhile he has continued to practice 
his profession on which he entered in 1899, 
as soon as he had reached the age prescribed 
by law. 




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MORE JON 


333 


ALFREDO RODRIGUEZ MOREJON 

Teacher; mathematician; 
writer. 

Alfredo Rodriguez Morejon was born 
on the twenty-eighth of November, 1874, 
in the city of Havana where he grew up, 
was educated and has lived all his life. He 
attended the private school "San Fran- 
cisco de Paula" of which Dr. Claudio 
Mimo was the head and thence went to the 
University. He holds the following de- 
grees: Bachelor of Sciences and Arts 
(1889); Licentiate in Physico-Mathemati- 
cal Sciences (1895); Doctor in Physico- 
Mathematical Sciences (19 10); Architect 
(1011). 

In 1900 he became a teacher in the public 
schools and in the same year he was ap- 
pointed Professor of Mathematics in the 
School of Arts and Crafts of Havana where 
he continued until 191 5. In that year he 




HISPANIC NOTES 


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334 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 


i 


was appointed, after competitive examina- 
tion, Professor of Mathematics in the 
Normal School. 

Dr. Morejon is a Member of the Na- 
tional Academy of Arts and Letters and 
also of the Mathematical Society of Spain. 
He has done much work on the field of 
theoretical mathematics and his method 
for determining the angles of cones and 
pyramids has been widely commended. 

He is the author of : Medios de promoter 
el sentimiento nacional cubano, Havana, 
1906; Casos en que los conos y pir amides 
deben considerarse rectos y oblicuos; El 
trabajo de la mujer y el nino en nuestras 
fabricas y taller es; La ensenanza de la Geo- 
metria en la escuela primaria. 

• 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



GUERRA 


335 


RAMIRO GUERRA Y SANCHEZ 

Teacher; writer. 

Ramiro Guerra y Sanchez was born 
on the thirty-first of January, 1880, in the 
town of Batabano, Province of Havana, 
Cuba. His early education was gained in 
his native place whence he went to Havana 
to continue his studies in the Institute 
which, however, were interrupted by the 
War of Independence (1895-8). 

In 1900 he began to teach and in the 
summer of that year accompanied the 
group of Cuban teachers who went to Har- 
vard University (U. S. A.) for a special 
course. Later he resumed the regular 
academic studies at the University of Ha- 
vana and obtained the degree of Doctor in 
Pedagogy in 19 10. 

From 1900 to 1906 Senor Guerra taught 
and directed a school which still bears his 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




name in Batabano. In 1906 he entered the 
ranks of teachers in Havana and was pro- 
moted to the position of Principal of the 
Practice School attached to the School of 
Pedagogy of the University of Havana. 
Later for three years he was Professor of 
Methods in the Summer Normal School 
of Havana. In 19 13 he was appointed 
Provincial Superintendent of Schools for 
the Province of Pinar del Rio. In 191 5 he 
won in competitive examination the Pro- 
fessorship ot Pedagogical Studies in the 
Normal School of Havana which had just 
been founded, and the Board of Protessors 
elected him Director of the School — thus 
placing him at the head of the first institu- 
tion of its kind established in Cuba after 
the fall of the Spanish rule. 

Since 1904 Dr. Guerra has given much 
time and labor to the magazine of educa- 
tion Cuba Pedagogica published in Havana, 
and has contributed to its pages many 
articles on Methods, Psychology, School 
Management, History of Education, etc. 
He is the author of the courses of study in 
Drawing, Nature Study, and Agriculture 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



G U E R R A 


337 


in the elementary schools and had charge 
of revising the plan of education for the 
primary schools of Cuba. 

He is a member of various societies and 
of the "Comision de construcciones es- 
colares de Cuba." 

Besides his numerous contributions to 
periodicals, Dr. Guerra has written various 
books some of which have been adopted as 
text-books: La Leccion en la Escuela 
Primaria, La Patria en la Escuela, El Pa- 
dre Varela educador, Jose Antonio Saco y la 
educacion nacional, Fines de la educacion 
nacional, Del conocimiento de si mismo, El 
Cardenal Cisneros y el principio de autoridad 
en una nacion, etc. 




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CHACON 


339 


JOSE MARIA CHACON Y CALVO 
Scholar; author; diplomat. 

Jose Maria Chacon y Calvo was born 
in Santa Maria del Rosario, Province of 
Havana, on the twenty-seventh of October, 
1893, and was educated in Havana where 
he took his early studies in the school of 
the Jesuits — Belen, — continued in the In- 
stitute, where he completed the courses 
for the Bachelor's degree and entered the 
University where he obtained the two 
degrees of Doctor in Civil Law, in 19 13, 
and Doctor of Philosophy and Letters in 
I9I5- 

His youthful inclination was toward 
letters and he began early to contribute 
to the magazines in Havana — the Figaro, 
Cuba Contemp or tinea, and the Magazine 
of the Faculty of Letters and Sciences. In 
1 91 6 he organized, on the occasion of the 




HISPANIC NOTES 


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34° 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




tercentenary celebration, a series of ad- 
dresses on Cervantes. He was also one of 
the founders of the Sociedad Filomdtica 
Cubana, and he was President of the 
Section of Literature of the Ateneo of 
Havana and Director of the Sociedad de 
Conferencias. 

In May, 1918, he was appointed Second 
Secretary of the Cuban Legation at Mad- 
rid where he has continued his literary 
work, contributing to the Magazine of 
Spanish Philology (Madrid), and sharing in 
the work of the Club for Historical Studies. 
He is a member of the group of lecturers 
who deal with literary topics in the Ateneo 
of Madrid, having for his subject the 
Figuras del Romanceros. His works are 
included in Professor Fitzmaurice Kelly's 
Bibliography of Spanish Literature and 
have been found worthy of treatment in 
the Magazine of Spanish Philology. 

Among his works are: Origenes de la 
Poesia en Cuba; Romances tradicionales en 
Cuba (contribution to Cuban folk-lore); 
Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda; Jose Maria 
Heredia; Vida U niversitaria de Heredia; 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



CHACON 


34i 


Cervantes y el Romancer c; Los Gancioneros 
gallego-portiigiieses y Bernaldino Ribeiro. 

In preparation: La Poesia cubana en el 
siglo XLX. Antologia critica; Ensayos 
sentimentales; Hermanito menor; Tabla de 
variantes de las poesias liricas de la Avel- 
laneda. 




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PATTERSON 343 


GUILLERMO PATTERSON Y 
JAUREGUI 

Government official. 

Guillermo Patterson y Jauregui was 
born in 1870, in Havana, and there he ob- 
tained his education, first in the Church 
schools, later in the Institute where he 
gained the degree of Bachelor of Letters 
and Sciences and. finally, in the University 
where he was made Licentiate in Civil and 
Canon Law. 

He has spent much of his life in the public 
service and has fulfilled a number of 
missions for the Cuban Government in 
foreign countries. Among the offices 
which he has held are those of Consul 
General at Liverpool, Commercial Repre- 
sentative at Madrid, Chief of the Depart- 

„ j_ „r t r „ ^„ j • „ j -la- 
ment or Information and Chancery, Direc- 
tor of Registry and, finally, Sub-secretary of 
the Department of State, which office he 
now holds. 




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CORN I DE 


345 


JOSE B. CORNIDE 

Doctor; legislator. 

Jose B. Cornide was born in Santa 
Clara on the thirteenth of December, 
1859. After passing the early stages of 
education in his native town,, he went to 
the Colegio of Esculapius in Guanabacoa 
where he completed the studies requisite 
for the Bachelor's degree in 1878. Then 
he entered the University at Havana to fit 
himself for a career in the practice of Medi- 
cine. He obtained the degree of Licen- 
tiate in 1883 and fulfilled the intellectual 
requirements leading to the Doctor's de- 
gree, but the expenses attending the 
ceremony of granting the degree (Investi- 
dura) prevented him from obtaining it. 

Returning then to Santa Clara, Cornide 
began the practice of his profession, mean- 
time devoting himself to the various prob- 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




lems of public education, charity, etc., 
which affected the general welfare. Re- 
cognizing these civic interests and virtues, 
the Government under the first American 
Intervention made him President of the 
Board of Education to which he gave his 
disinterested services until 1909. 

Serior Cornide was one of the founders 
of the Conservative party in Santa Clara; 
he entered upon an active political career 
in 1 9 14, and in 1916 he was elected Repre- 
sentative. During his term of service in 
the Chamber he has taken an eager interest 
in all matters relating to public education, 
charity, and health. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



BETANCOURT 


347 


ALCIDES BETANCOURT 

Journalist; man of affairs; 
senator. 

Alcides Betancourt was born in the 
city of Camagiiey on the twenty-first of 
December, 1865, and was educated in Ha- 
vana, but went at a later date to Xew York 
to obtain special instruction in commercial 
subjects. 

When the War of Independence broke 
out . in 1 89 5 , he was appointed correspondent 
of the Xew York Herald in Camagiiey, and 
later , held a similar post in Havana. In con- 
sequence of the news he sent to his paper he 
was expelled from Cuba (1S97) by General 
Weyler, whereupon he went to Xew York 
and continued to write for the Herald there 
until the United States declared war on 
Spain, when he became war correspondent 
writing despatches from the front. 

During the American Intervention he 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




was appointed Secretary of the Provincial 
Government of Camagiiey, in which posi- 
tion he continued until 1902 when he asso- 
ciated himself with the Cuba Railroad 
Company. In 1906 he retired from the 
railway business to devote himself to 
dealing in land on a large scale. 

In 1909 he was appointed by General 
Menocal to an important administrative 
position in the great sugar mill " Chaparra." 

In 19 1 4 he was elected Senator for Ca- 
maguey, succeeding in this high office the 
famous Cuban leader Salvador Cisneros. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



DUPLE S SIS 


349 


GUSTAVO G. DUPLESSIS 

Physician; teacher; surgeon. 

Gustavo G. Duplessis y Aizpurua was 
born on the twelfth of October. 1864. in the 
city of Havana, but obtained his early edu- 
cation in the Church schools at Guana- 
bacoa, later returning to Havana where he 
entered the University and obtained his 
degree as Doctor of Medicine when he was 
scarcely twenty years of age, in 1884. 
Sometime later, being desirous of extending 
his knowledge and obtaining a wider ex- 
perience in his profession, he went to Paris, 
there entered the University and obtained 
a second degree of Doctor of Medicine in 
1893, meantime obtaining invaluable train- 
ing and experience through a term of 
services as Interne and Externe in the 
hospitals. 

In 1893 he returned to Havana, entered 




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CUBANS 0FT0-DAY 




at once on the practice of medicine and 
surgery, and has enjoyed a career of dis- 
tinguished success. 

In 1895 ne was appointed Physician and 
Surgeon of the Hospital (Quinta) of the 
Association of Clerks (Dependientes) which 
has a membership of over thirty thousand. 

In 1899 he was appointed Professor of 
Clinical Surgery in the University and 
occupied the Chair until 1901. He was 
then made Surgical Director of the Hospi- 
tal (Casa de Salud) of the Canary Islands 
Association with its forty thousand 
members. 

Dr. Duplessis is a Member of the 
Academy of Medicine and of the Society 
for Clinical Studies. He has published 
frequent articles in the medical press upon 
professional subjects. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



CORREOSO 


351 


ANTONIO BRAVO CORREOSO 

Lawyer; public man; administrator. 

Antonio Bravo Correoso was born 
in Santiago de Cuba in 1874. After ob- 
taining his early education at the Colegio 
of " Santiago" in his native town he went 
on to Havana, there completing the course 
for the Bachelor's degree and entering the 
University to pursue studies in Philosophy, 
Letters, and Law. In the year 1886 he 
obtained the degree of Licentiate in Philo- 
sophy and Letters, and a year later that 
in the Law. 

Correoso returned to his birthplace to 
accept the position of Professor in the Pro- 
vincial Instituce of Santiago, and continued 
to teach until the Revolutionary War 
broke out in 1895. He had been a promi- 
nent member of the old Reform party and 
Provincial Deputy for it; naturally, there- 
fore, when the war came he devoted himself 




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352 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




to the Cuban cause and became a marked 
man. He was one of the first whom the 
Spanish General Martinez Campos caused 
to be seized and imprisoned. He was taken 
to the Cabana Fortress in Havana; from 
there transported to Spain, and placed in 
prison first at Santander and later at Mad- 
rid. He escaped from custody, made his 
way to Italy, thence to Paris, and later to 
New York, meantime spreading in all the 
cities which he visited the story of Cuba's 
struggle for liberty. 

When the war was won and the Cuban 
Republic was constituted, Correoso was 
elected Member of the Constitutional 
Convention for Santiago and was made 
Secretary of the Commission charged with 
drafting the Constitution. In 1902 he was 
elected Senator and reelected in 1906; he 
was first Vice-president of this body. From 
the end of the war until the second Ameri- 
can Intervention he was President of the 
political party to which he belonged in 
Santiago, but since that time he has taken 
little part in politics, preferring to devote 
himself to the practice of his profession. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



AR AGON 


353 


ERNESTO A. DE ARAGON 

Physician. 

Ernesto A. de Aragon y Munoz was 
born in the town of Marianao on the ninth 
of January, 1868. His early education was 
obtained in Havana where he attended 
Colegios, continued in the Institute where 
he completed the course for the Bachelor's 
degree and also in the University which 
granted him the degree of Licentiate in 
Pharmacy in 1889. He became Assistant 
Professor in this subject in 1894 and also 
pursued his medical studies obtaining the 
degree of Licentiate in Medicine in 1895. 

The political events of 1895 in Cuba 
obliged Dr. de Aragon to withdraw to 
the United States where he continued the 
study of his profession as assistant in the 
Lying-in Hospital in New York and at 
the same time cooperated with his com- 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




patriots who were lending effective aid to 
the Revolution by means of political clubs 
organized in New York and other cities. 
After spending some time in New York 
Dr. de Aragon removed to Jacksonville, 
Florida, where he practiced his profession 
until the end of the war and the success of 
the Revolution in Cuba when he returned 
to Havana. 

In 1900 he obtained the degree of Doctor 
in Medicine from the University of Havana 
and in the same year was made Head of 
the Clinic of Obstetrics in the School of 
Medicine in Mercedes Hospital. In 1902 
he was appointed Chief Inspector of the 
Health Department. He is also Vice- 
president of the Society of Clinical Studies 
and Financial Secretary of the Medical 
College of Cuba. 

Dr. de Aragon is a contributor to medical 
journals; has acted as editor of Medical 
Progress and collaborated on the Manual 
of Practical Sanitation issued by the De- 
partment of Health in 1905. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



D E LA GUARDIA 


355 


CRISTOBAL DE LA GUARDIA 

Lawyer; official. 

Cristobal de la Guard ia was born on 
the eighteenth of July, 1859, in the town 
of Guanabacoa, Havana Province. There, 
in the Church schools, he took his early 
education and continued thereafter in the 
colleges of Havana and the University 
where he studied law, obtaining the degree 
of Licentiate in Law in 1880. 

In addition to the practice of his pro- 
fession Senor de la Guardia has held various 
public offices and occupied positions of 
importance, among them being: Secretary 
of the Board of Patrons of the Hospital 
for the Insane of Cuba; Counsel of the 
Board of Aldermen of Havana; Consulting 
Attorney of the Board of Aldermen of 
Guanabacoa; Senator for the Province of 
Havana and Secretary of Justice in the 
Cabinet of President Menocal. 




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356 


CUBAN vS OF TO-DAY 




De la Guardia is the author of articles, 
addresses, and reports on legal subjects 
some of which have been highly regarded 
and one of which was described by an 
eminent authority as "the most impor- 
tant document which had been published 
since Cuba became free." This was his, 
Informe del Secretario de Justicia, Ha- 
bana, 1 9 1 5 . Among his other publications 
are: Para el Pueblo, Habana, 1900. Por- 
que soy liberal, Habana, 1903. Una re- 
forma que no se hara, Habana, 1905. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



1 

PUJOL 


357 


MIGUEL ALONSO PUJOL 

Lawyer; publicist. 

Miguel Alonso Pujol was born on the 
seventeenth of July, 1892, the son of Senor 
Gustavo Alonso Castaneda and Senora 
Teresa Pujol y Trista. He gained his edu- 
cation largely in Brazil where he graduated 
from the National Institute- of Science of 
Rio Janeiro in 1907 with the degree of 
Doctor of Civil Law. 

Since he returned to Havana Dr. Pujol 
has taken an active part in public affairs, 
contributing to various periodicals includ- 
ing El M undo , El Triunfo, La Discusion, 
La Lucha, etc., and recently he has become 
the editor of La Semana Judicial, a maga- 
zine devoted to legal and social questions. 

In 19 10 he obtained the degree of Doctor 
of Civil Laws in the University of Havana. 

Dr. Pujol is a member of the National 




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358 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Committee of the Union Liberal party; 
Vice-president of the "Luz Caballero 
Foundation/ ' and member of the Execu- 
tive Committee of the League for the Pro- 
tection of the Suffrage. He has been a 
candidate for Representative and has given 
special study to constitutional questions 
on which he has written extensively. He 
has had practical contact with government 
by serving as Chief of Administration of 
the Third Class in the civil administration. 

Among his publications are: La Re- 
forma Constitutional y el Sistema Parla- 
nientario, Habana, 191 8; Controversia de 
Constitucionalidad, Habana, 191 8. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



LAINE 


359 


HONORE F. LAINE 

Veterinary. 

Honore F. Laine ¥ Garesche was born 
on the tenth of October, 1864, in Macurijes, 
Province of Matanzas. He was educated 
chiefly in the United States, at Georgetown 
College, Washington, D. C., and the Ameri- 
can Veterinary College of New York where 
he gained the degree of Doctor in Veteri- 
nary Medicine in 1885. 

From 1899 to 1905 Dr. Laine was Veter- 
inary Inspector of the Port of Havana and 
from 1905 to 1907 Veterinary of the Higher 
Board of Health. 

In 1907 he won in competitive examina- 
tion the post of professor in the University 
of Havana in charge of instruction in In- 
spection of Domestic Animals, Inspection 
of Meats, Police Sanitation, and Veter- 
inary Legislation. 




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36o 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




In 1893 he invented the first mechanical 
transporter of sugar cane to be installed in 
Cuba, which was set up in Colonia Santo 
Domingo, Crimea, Province of Matanzas. 

1 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



RUIZ 


36i 


MANUEL RUIZ Y RODRIGUEZ 

Ecclesiastic; author; Bish- 
op of Pinar del Rio. 

Manuel Ruiz y Rodriguez was born 
in Corralillo, Province of Santa Clara, on 
the eleventh of December, 1874. He gained 
his early education in Havana where he 
entered the Seminary in 1887 and continued 
until he graduated as Bachelor of Theology. 
Later he went to the United States and 
continued his studies in the Catholic Uni- 
versity of America, at Washington, D. C, 
where he obtained the degree of Licentiate 
in Theology. He was enabled to take all 
his courses of study by the generosity of 
Father Manuel Gonzalez Cuervo. 

In 1897 he was ordained and in 1900 he 
was sent as chaplain to the teachers who 
went to Boston in that year. 

During his career in the church the 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 


• • 


Reverend Father has filled various official 
posts, including that of Secretary to the 
Chapter of the Cathedral of Havana; Chap- 
lain of the Choir; Secretary of the Records 
(Sumario) ; Secretary and Prosecutor of the 
Bishops of Havana and Cienfuegos; Curate 
and Vicar of Sagua la Grande; Curate of 
Cruces, Lajas, and Cienfuegos; Adminis- 
trator of the House of Correction, and pro- 
fessor of the four courses in Latin and the 
Humanities in the Seminary of Havana. 

In 1907 Father Ruiz was appointed 
Bishop of Pinar del Rio. He was desig- 
nated in April, 1907, consecrated in Cien- 
fuegos on the eleventh of June, and took 
possession of his charge on the tenth of July 
of the same year, where he continues. 

He is the author of various Pastoral 
Letters, has translated The Heart of Jesus 
of Nazareth, and is the author of Liras y 
Estrofas, poems published under the pseu- 
donym " Lucas del Cigarral," and a volume 
Impresiones de un Viaje a Tierra Santa. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 




Carmela Nieto de Herrera 



CAR MELA NIETO 


363 


CARMELA NIETO DE HERRERA 

Writer; journalist. 

Senora Carmela Nieto de Herrera 
was born in Havana on the sixth of March, 
1879, but received most of her education 
abroad; first in the United States and later 
in Madrid (Spain) where her father, Don 
Mariano Nieto Mujica, held the rank of 
Brigadier General in the Spanish Army. 
There she completed the courses leading to 
the degree of Bachelor, gaining also various 
prizes for distinction. 

In 1904 she began to write in El Figaro of 
Havana and soon afterwards was placed in 
charge of the Home Department of El 
Mundo. Later she founded and conducted 
in the same paper a section devoted to 
" Questions — moral and general" in which 
she dealt with matters of belief, affection, 
and good counsel. 




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364 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




In 1906 she was elected member of the 
Board of Charity and Correction; first 
officer of the Library and Press division of 
the Bulletin of Health of Cuba. 

In 1907 she was appointed member, 
with voice and vote, of the Board of Health 
of Havana — being the only woman who has 
held any of these positions in Cuba up to 
this time. She is a member of the Red 
Cross. She is also a member of the Sec- 
tion of Public Instruction of Cuba, and 
through her writings a general, unofficial 
adviser of many students, boys and girls. 

Senora Nieto de Herrera is the only 
woman journalist in Cuba and is the author 
of a great number of articles, sketches, and 
stories which have appeared in newspapers 
and magazines. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 




By permission of Hall's Studios, photographers (N. Y.) 



SOLER 


365 


JOSE M. SOLER FERNANDEZ 

Teacher of art, 

Jose M. Soler Fernandez was born 
in Villaclara, Cuba, in the year 1873. 
When he was twenty he entered the School 
of Painting and Sculpture of Madrid where 
he continued five years, and won gold 
medals for excellence in his studies and 
honorable mention in the Exposition of 
Fine Arts of Madrid in 1896. From 1901 
to 1904 he studied in the University of Ha- 
vana where he obtained the degrees of 
Bachelor and of Doctor in Pedagogy (1904). 
In the same year he won the silver medal 
for a text-book on the subject of art at the 
Exposition held in St. Louis. 

Meantime he had entered upon his 
career as teacher of art. In 1901 he was 
Professor of Drawing in the Summer 
Schools at Cienfuegos; in 1902 in those of 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Santiago de las Vegas, Guines, and Havana. 
In 1906 he was Professor ad interim of 
Perspective, Anatomy, and the History of 
Art in the School of Painting of Havana. 
In 191 5 he was appointed Professor of 
Drawing and Modeling in the Normal 
School of Havana, and in 1916 he gained by 
competitive examination the position of 
Auxiliary to the Chair of Drawing in the 
School of Pedagogy. 

In 191 7 Dr. Soler was elected Member 
of the National Academy of Arts and 
Letters and in 1919 he was elected Presi- 
dent of the University Pedagogical Asso- 
ciation of Havana. 

The work of Dr. Soler in his various 
classes since 1901 has been directed to 
setting up new ideas and new methods in 
Drawing, Modeling, and Chirography and 
to combating the traditional forms and 
methods based on antique doctrines. 


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HISPANIC NOTES 



MONT OR I 


367 


ARTURO MONTORI DE CESPEDES 

Teacher, writer. 

Arturo Montori de Cespedes was 
born in the year 1878 in Havana. He was 
educated partly in Spain, at the Institutes 
of Zaragoza and Barcelona, and partly in 
Havana where he gained the degree of 
Doctor in Pedagogy at the University. 

On leaving the University he entered 
upon his profession as teacher and became 
Master in the public schools of Batabano 
in 1902; Master in the schools of Havana, 
by competitive examination, in 1904, and 
Director of Schools Nos. 13 and 43, in Ha- 
vana, 1907 to 1909. In 1909 he became 
Inspector of the District Schools of Be- 
jucal, and in 19 10, Professor of the Normal 
School of Havana. In 19 15 he was elected 
to the Faculty of the Normal School and 
in 191 7 became its Director. 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




From the year 1905 Dr. Montori has 
been the editor of the magazine Cuba 
Pedagogica, which is still being published, 
and in which since 191 5 he has had for 
colleague Dr. Rarniro Guerra. In this and 
in other periodicals he has published many 
articles on educational subjects and he is the 
author of the following books: Cuestiones 
Pedagogicas, 1908; Crttica del metodo Her- 
bartiano, 1909; La Fatiga Intelectual y 1913; 
Ideales de los ninos cubanos, 19 14. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 




Ernesto Asbert 



A S B E R T 


369 


ERNESTO ASBERT 

Soldier; man of affairs; 
administrator. 

Ernesto Asbert was born in the town 
of Consolacion del Sur in the Province of 
Pinar del Rio on the first of May, 1873, and 
took the early courses leading to the 
Bachelor's degree in the private Colegio of 
the Society " La Union " in his native place. 
But the student's life made an indifferent 
appeal to his energetic nature and he left 
books to devote himself to business. 

When the Revolution broke out in 1895 
Asbert prepared to take part in it and on 
January 9, 1896, joined the forces of Col. 
Antonio Nunez with the rank of Captain. 
During the remainder of the war he fought 
under the command of the Commander- 
in-chief Maximo Gomez, under that of 
General Antonio Maceo, and for part of 
the time under that of General Adolfo del 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Castillo, the scene of his activities being 
the Province of Havana, where he obtained 
his promotion to the rank of Colonel on the 
24th of August, 1898. 

With the close of the war he turned his 
attention to politics. His first office was that 
of Chief of Municipal Police for Guines. 
At the same time he served also as Secre- 
tary of the Liquidating Commissions (Com- 
mission for settling soldiers' claims) of the 
Fifth Corps of the Army. In 1904 Col. 
Asbert was elected Member of the Council 
for the Province of Havana, and in 1908 he 
was elected Governor of the Province of 
Havana, in which post he was active in 
improving roads, bridges, and all means of 
communication so as to increase the traffic 
and add to the resources of all parts of the 
province. 

Some years ago the Congress of Cuba 
passed a special act of amnesty designed, 
it was said, to clear Gen. Asbert 's name 
and exculpate him from the charge of 
manslaughter on which he had been tried. 

Gen. Asbert has interested himself in 
publications: he was the founder of the 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



A S B E R T 


37i 


newspaper El Tndependiente of Guines 
and has had a share in establishing and 
developing some of the papers of the 
Capital. 




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ORTIZ 


373 


FERNANDO ORTIZ Y FERNANDEZ 

Lawyer; criminologist; author. 

Fernando Ortiz y Fernandez was born 
in Havana on the sixteenth of July, 1881, 
of a Spanish father and a Cuban mother. 
He prepared for his Bachelor ate in Men- 
orca, Spain, and commenced in Havana 
the study of law from which he was gradu- 
ated in Barcelona in 1900. In 1901 he 
received the degree of Doctor of Laws from 
the Central University of Madrid and was 
made Doctor of Civil Law (1902) and Doc- 
tor of Public Law (1906) by the University 
of Havana. 

From 1902 until 1906 he was Cuba's con- 
sular representative in Italy and Spain after 
which he served for two years as Public 
Prosecutor in Havana ; he then became Pro- 
fessor of Public Law in the University of 
Havana, which position he resigned in 19 16 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




upon his election for a seven-year term 
to the Cuban House of Representatives. 

Dr. Ortiz is a profound student of Cuban 
history, ethnology, and psychology, es- 
pecially as related to the negro. He is a 
member of the following scientific organi- 
zations: American Institute of Criminal 
Law and Criminology, American Sociolo- 
gical Association, American Academy of 
Political and Social Sciences, Societe Gen- 
erate des Prisons, Academia de la Historia 
de Venezuela, Academia de la Historia de 
Cuba, Sociedad Economica de Amigos del 
Pais, Sociedad Cubana de Dei echo Inter- 
nacional. In 1918 he was made a Corre- 
sponding member of the Hispanic Society 
of America. 

His published works include : Base para 
un estudio sobre la llamada reparation civil 
(Doctor's thesis), Madrid, 1901; Las sini- 
patias de Italia por los Mambises cubanos, 
"Documentos para la historia de la inde- 
pendencia de Cuba," Marsella, 1905; La 
Criminalita del negri in Cuba, Turin, 1905; 
77 Suicidio Tra i Negri, Turin, 1906; Super - 
stizione criminose in Cuba, Turin, 1906; 


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ORTIZ 


375 


Hampa Afro-Cubana, Los Negros Brujus, 
Madrid, 1906; La inmigracion desde el 
punto de vista criminolo gico , Habana, 1906; 
Para la agonografia espailola, Habana. 1908; 
Los Mambises Italianos, Habana, 1909; 
La reconquista de America, Paris, Ollendorf, 
1 911; Historia de Santiago de Cuba, Ha- 
bana, 1912; La identificacion dactiloscopica, 
Habana, 1913; Entre cubanos, Ollendorf, 
Paris, 1914; Seamos Hoy como jueron Ayer, 
Habana, 1914; Hampa Afro-Cubana, Los 
Negros Esclavos, Habana, 191 6; Bases para 
la organizacion Internacional de la Solidan- 
dad de los Estados ante el delincuenle, Ha- 
bana, 1917. 

• 




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Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso 



Z A Y AS 


377 


ALFREDO ZAYAS 

Lawyer; writer; orator; 
Vice-president of the Re- 
public of Cuba, 1 909-1 913. 

Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso was born on 
the twenty -first of February, 1861, in the 
city of Havana where his whole life has been 
spent. His early education was obtained in 
the colegio of Madame Boblag and the more 
famous colegio "El Salvador" founded by 
Luz Caballero which was then under the 
charge of his father, Juan Bruno Zayas. In 
1882 at the age of twenty-one he received 
the degree of Licenciado en Derecho from 
the University of Havana and entered up- 
on the practice of the law. Like most 
Cubans of his generation he shared in the 
revolutionary activities of the time; he was 
a member of the Autonomist party, a con- 
tributor of propagandist articles to various 
newspapers, editor of a literary magazine, 




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CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




and representative of the Revolutionary 
party in Havana. His part in the revolu- 
tionary program resulted in his arrest and 
imprisonment in 1896 and his exile in 1897. 

With the triumph of the Revolution in 
1898, he returned to political life in which 
he has since been active. He has held many 
offices. As early as 1889 he was Prosecuting 
Attorney; in 1891 Municipal Judge; in 190 1 
acting Mayor of Havana and Member of 
the Council; in 1905 he was made Senator 
for the Province of Havana and chosen 
President of the Senate; in 1906 he was 
President of the Revolutionary Committee; 
in 1907 he was chosen member of the Com- 
mittee of Consultation to deal with matters 
affecting Cuba and the United States and 
in 1908 he was elected Vice-president of the 
Republic. 

The literary interests of Dr. Zayas have 
been many and varied. He has been a 
frequent contributor to the press and to 
magazines on political and historical sub- 
jects; he was for six years Librarian of the 
Sociedad Economica de Amigos del Pais 
and for many years its President. His 


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ZAYAS 


379 


published works include El presbttero don 
Jose Agustin Caballero y su vida y sus obras, 
1891. Cuba Autondmica. Lexicografia 
Antillana, Habana, 19 14. 




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just iz 


38i 


FRANCISCO CARRERA JUSTIZ 

Lawyer; teacher; expert 
in municipal affairs. 

Francisco Carrera Justiz was born in 
Guanabacoa, Province of Havana, on the 
thirtieth of August, 1857. He gained his 
early education in the church schools of his 
native town but for his later studies went 
to the University of Havana where he ob- 
tained the degree of Doctor of Civil and 
Public Law. 

Dr. Justiz has found his chief interest 
in the field of municipal government and 
has devoted himself to its problems. He 
won in competition the position of profes- 
sor in the law faculty of the University 
and he has founded a magazine entitled 
Revista Municipal y de Intereses Economicas 
in which he deals with city government. 
He is also a founder of the Association for 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



382 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Municipal Good Government and has deliv- 
ered at the Ateneo and elsewhere an exten- 
sive series of lectures on the subject. 

He is a member of the Academy of 
Sciences of Havana; honorary member of 
the Royal Academy of Jurisprudence of 
Spain; President of the Association of Doc- 
tors of Public Law, and President of the 
Committee on Social Problems in the Na- 
tional Workmen's Congress. 

Dr. Justiz has also seen service as a diplo- 
mat, having been Minister of Cuba to 
Spain, to the United States, to Holland, 
and to Mexico. He is the author of many 
articles and of the following works: 

Exposition, del Derecho Civil Espanol y 
sus Leyes Especiales para Cuba; Ayunta- 
mientos Cubanos; Breve estudio sobre la ex- 
ceptional importancia que presentan en Cuba 
los asuntos municipales; Una Sociologta 
Municipal; Notas sobre progreso municipal 
cientifico, Al Congreso Cubano. La Con- 
stitution de Cuba y el problema municipal; 
Estudios de Filosofia Politica. El Sufragio 
Universal , Estudios de Filosofia Politico. 
Los Estados Norte Americanos desde el 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



J U S T I Z 


383 


punto de vista de su Gobierno Municipal, Las 
ciudades del siglo XX y los Mono polios de 
Sevicios Publicos. El Socialismo Municipal; 
El Municipio y la Cuestion de Razas; 
El Municipio y los Extrajeros. Los espan- 
oles en Cuba; El Municipio y las clases 
obreras; Los drboles y la cultura Civica; Es- 
tudios de Economia Social. A los Centros 
Regionales; Pro Raza. A la Asociacion de 
Dependientes de la Habana, como factor So- 
ciologico en la Civilizacion de Cuba; La 
Ciencia Civica en su relacidn con la mujer 
y con la Democracia; Introduciones a la 
Historia de las Instituciones Locales de Cuba. 
Pro grama de las Asignaturas de Gobierno 
Municipal y de Historia de las Instituciones 
Locales de Cuba; Estudio de Sociologia Po- 
litical Conservadores y Liberates; Estudio s 
Politicos Sociales. Orientaciones necesarias. 
Cuba y Panama. Proyecto de Reforma de 
la Facultad de Derecho; El panameri- 
canismo. La Independencia de las Colonias. 
Europeas y en America, El Est ado Moderno 
y la Accion Politica. El Ideal Social, La 
Reforma Electoral, La Guerra y las Ciudades, 
Importancia Internacional del problema 




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I 



384 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




obrero. He has also translated from the 
French the work of M. Gaston Cadoux, 
La Vie des Grandes, and from English the 
book of Mr. Alfred R. Conkling, City 
Government. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



VILLALON 


385 


ft 

JOSE RAMON VILLALON Y SANCHEZ 

Engineer; soldier; teacher; 
administrator; Secretary of 
Public Works of Cuba 

Jose Ramon Villalon y Sanchez was 
born in Santiago de Cuba on the twenty- 
fifth of March. He was educated abroad, 
in Spain and the United States ; he obtained 
the degree in Civil Engineering at Lehigh 
University in 1889, and returned to Cuba 
where he pursued his profession, sharing 
in the development of the iron industry and 
of the railroads then rapidly growing. On 
the outbreak of the Revolution he joined 
the forces of General Maceo with whom he 
served as Chief of Staff and won the rank of 
Lieutenant- Colonel. 

He was elected as Delegate to the Gen- 
eral Assembly of the Revolutionary Army 
to meet at Santa Cruz del Sur, Camagiiey, 
by the sixth Army Corps (Pinar del Rio). 




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1 



3 86 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




At the Assembly he was elected a member 
of the Commission that went to confer with 
President McKinley, the Commission be- 
ing composed of General Calixto Garcia, 
President; Colonel Jose R. Villalon, Secre- 
tary; Major General Jose Miguel Gomez, 
Col. Manuel Sanguily and Doctor Jose A. 
Gonzalez Lanuza. At the return of the 
Commission from the U. S. and after the 
dissolution of the General Assembly at 
the end of the war, Villalon served as assist- 
ant Engineer under the then Major W. M. 
Black in charge of the State Department 
at Havana; later he was appointed Chief 
Engineer of Matanzas and Santa Clara, 
etc., etc. 

In 1902, at the expiration of the Amer- 
ican Intervention, Col. Villalon accepted 
the professorship of Higher Algebra and 
Calculus at the University ot Havana till 
May 20, 1 913, when President Menocal ap- 
pointed him Secretary of Public Works, a 
position which he still occupies. 

He is a member of the American Society 
of Civil Engineers, of the American In- 

QHtuhp nf A/Tinincr T^ncri-npprQ nf t"hp ApaH- 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



V I L L A L 6 N 


387 


emy of Sciences of the Island of Cuba, of 
the American Academy of Political and 
Social Science, of the Cuban Society of 
Engineers, and has represented his country 
as a Delegate to the International Engi- 
neering Congress held at San Francisco, 
and to the Second Scientific, Pan-American 
Congress held at Washington. 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



P R E S N 0 • 


389 


JOSE ANTONIO PRESNO 

Physician; surgeon; teacher. 

Jose Antonio Presno y Bastiony was 
born in Regla, Cuba, on the nineteenth of 
March, 1876. He had his early education 
in the Church Schools of Guanabacoa where 
he gained the degree of Bachelor with dis- 
tinction. Later he entered the University, 
matriculating in the Medical School with 
special credit in the examinations. 

In 1893 he won the post of Assistant in 
Dissection in the Mercedes Hospital. In 
1896 he founded the Revista de Medicina y 
Cirugia de la Habana and gained the degree 
of Licentiate in Medicine; in the following 
year he was made Doctor in Medicine and 
became assistant Instructor in Surgical 
Anatomy and operations. In 1898, at the 
request of the Faculty, he was appointed 
by Dr. Francisco Zayas, Secretary of Public 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



39° 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 


* 


Instruction, to be Assistant Professor Ex- 
traordinary. From 1898 to 1899 he was 
entrusted by the Faculty with the vacant 
chair of Descriptive Anatomy. In 1900 
the Faculty of Medicine elected him Auxil- 
iary Professor and he won in the same year, 
by competitive examination, the post of 
Head Professor of Anatomy. 

In 1902 Dr. Presno was elected a member 
of the Academy of Sciences and Surgeon of 
Hospital " Number One. " In 1903 he was 
made Surgeon of the Centro Asturiano 
(Asturian Club); Secretary of the Section 
of Anatomy in the Third Pan-American 
Medical Congress held in Havana, and Vice- 
president of the Medical Press of Cuba. 
In 1904 he was chosen by the organizing 
Committee of the Second Latin-American 
Congress to represent Cuba. In 1905 he 
was elected General Secretary of the First 
National Medical Congress of Cuba. In 
1906 he was appointed by the organizing 
Committee of the Third Latin- American 
Medical Congress to represent Cuba, etc. 
In 1 91 7 he was Vice-president of the Fourth 
Medical Congress of Cuba. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



P R E S N 0 


39i 


He is President of the Sociedad de Estudios 
CUnicos of Havana, Vice-president of the 
Academy of Medical Sciences and Presi- 
dent-elect of the Fifth Medical Congress 
of Cuba. 

Dr. Presno is a contributor to the medical 
press, for which he has written a great 
number of articles during the past quarter 
century. Among his publications are: 
Tratamiento de los aneurismas externos, etc., 
Havana, 1897; La situation topografica del 
apendice cecal, Havana, 1901, etc. 

- 




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I 



PEREZ MI R 6 


393 


ABRAHAM PEREZ MIRO 

Physician. 

Abraham Perez Miro was born on the 
sixteenth of March, 1857, in the town of 
Marianao, Province of Havana, and re- 
ceived his early education at the hands of 
Professor Pedro del Campo who came from 
Santander (Spain) for the purpose. Later 
he entered the Colegio directed by Dr. 
Alonso Delgado in El Cerro and after tak- 
ing part of the courses required for the 
Bachelor's degree, went in 1868 to Spain 
where he entered the Colegio of Escolapios 
in Villacarriedo, Santander. Thence he 
went to Valladolid where he took the exam- 
inations for admission to the study of Medi- 
cine and gained the degree of Licentiate in 
Medicine in 1877. The next stage he ac- 
complished at Madrid where he served as 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



394 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




assistant to Dr. Olavide in the Hospital of 
San Juan de Dios. 

In December, 1878, he returned to Cuba 
where he has occupied the following posi- 
tions: Physician of San Felipe de San- 
tiago Hospital; Physician of Mercedes 
Hospital; Physician of " Number One" 
Hospital; of The Beneficencias, Francesa 
and Montanesa; Emergency Surgeon of the 
United Railways of Havana; Physician of 
the Covadonga and Purisima Conception 
sanatoriums; Head of the Therapeutic 
Laboratory of the University. 

He has also taught in the University as 
Professor of Therapeutics and Pharmacol- 
ogy and as Professor of Therapeutics in 
the Dental school. 

He is a member of the Society of Clin- 
ical Studies of Havana and of the Society 
of Cervantes of Valladolid (Spain). 

Dr. Mir 6 is the inventor of the method in 
Therapeutics of using topical application 
of serum and microbinous vaccine to the 
gastro-intestinal tract. His articles de- 
scribing the method have been translated 
into English and widely reproduced with 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



PEREZ M I R 6 


395 


notes crediting him with priority in the 
use of this valuable method which has been 
adopted in other countries. 

Dr. Miro is a contributor to professional 
journals in Cuba and elsewhere and is au- 
thor of many articles including: Elogio 
junebre del Dr. Federico Horstman, Elo- 
gio funebre del Profesor Rafael Cowley, 
Aparatos para fractura de las extremidades. 




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I 



SALAZAR 


397 


SALVADOR SALAZAR 

Lawyer; teacher; writer. 

Salvador Salazar y Roig was born in 
Colon, Province of Matanzas, Cuba, on the 
thirtieth of June, 1892. His early educa- 
tion was obtained in the Institute of Ha- 
vana where he was granted his Bachelor's 
degree, with special distinction, 1910. 

Continuing in the University he gained 
degrees with distinction as follows: Doc- 
tor of Public Law, 191 3, Doctor of Phil- 
osophy and Letters in 19 14, and Doctor of 
Civil Law in 1914, winning in addition 
numerous prizes for scholarship and the 
special award of the "Carrera Justiz" 
prize for work in the History of Local Cu- 
ban Institutions. 

In 191 5 he was elected by the Faculty of 
Letters and Sciences in the University as 
Substitute Professor to fill during the ab- 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



398 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




sence ot their holders, the Chairs of the His- 
tory of America and the rest of the world; 
and that of the History of Spanish Litera- 
ture and the Modern Foreign Languages. 

In the same year, on the organization of 
the Normal Schools for Teachers of Cuba 
he was appointed by the school of Letters 
and Philosophy as a member of various 
Committees of judges in the contests for 
professorships in the normal schools. 

On various occasions in 191 5 and 191 7 
he has been charged by his Faculty to serve 
as lecturer in the popular courses known as 
University Extension courses. 

In 191 7 he won after a keen competition 
the Chair of History of Philosophy in the 
University a position which he continues 
to occupy. The Faculty of Letters and 
Sciences appointed him in the same year 
Editor in Chief of the Magazine of the 
Faculty. 

He has acted as Honorary Delegate to 
the First National Labor Congress in Cuba; 
Member of the Centro Catalan of Havana; 
Member of the Board of Directors of the 
Cuban Society of International Law; Mem- 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



S A L A Z A R 


399 


ber of the Ateneo; of the Asociacion de 
Doctores en Defecho Publico, of the Grad- 
uados en Filosofia y Letras, of the Liga 
Nacional de Instruction Publica, of the 
Sociedad Union of the Teatro Cubano, of 
the "Compania Cubana de Publicaciones " 
which proposes to publish an edition of the 
Cuban classics. 

Dr. Salazar is the author of: Lope de 
Rueda y su Teatro (191 1); Por las nubes, 
novel (1912)5 Ternuras, verses (191 2); 
Por lafuerza del amor and La verdadera aris- 
tocracia, comedies (1913); Literatura Cu- 
bana, El clasicismo en Cuba (1913); Rafael 
Maria Mendive (191 5); La cesion de los 
bienes del Estado (19 13); Milanes, Luaces 
y la Avellaneda (19 16) ; Las liber tades catala- 
nas (191 7); El reposo como elemento estetico 
(1917); El VampirOj novel (1917); El 
porvenir de la America latina (1918); Jose 
Marti (1918) ; El 71 (1918); El porvenir 
de las pequenas nacionalidades (19 18); Los 
muertos mandan . . . (191 8); La mujer en 
la guerra (19 18). 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


1 



I 



AN.GULQ 


401 


MANUEL RAFAEL ANGULO 

Lawyer; man of affairs. 

Manuel Rafael Axgulo was born on 
the twenty-seventh of April. 1S55. in 
Matanzas where he received his early 
education and at the age of fifteen won the 
: Bachelor's degree. He then entered the 
University of Havana to study law and 
continued his studies for a time in Spain, 
but returned to Havana to practice his 
profession. 

In his youth he took an active part in 
politics, as a member of the Central Com- 
mittee of the Autonomist party. During 
the War of Independence he founded the 
periodical Cuba in New York which ap- 
peared in two editions — Spanish and Eng- 
list — both of which he edited. When, a 
little later, an Autonomist government was 
set up in Cuba he was made its representa- 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



4-02 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




tive in Washington. Still later, when the 
Spanish rule in Cuba ceased, he took part 
in founding the Union Democratic party 
and when this was dissolved he retired from 
political life to devote himself entirely to 
affairs — to the practice of his profession 
and the management of his business inter- 
ests which included the " Cuban Star 
Line," a national interoceanic navigation 
Company, of which he is the President. 

He has recently shown a new interest in 
public affairs by acting as one of the foun- 
ders of the League for the Protection of the 
Suffrage. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



MASS AGUER 


403 


COXRADO WALTER MASSAGUER 

Artist; editor; manager. 

Conrado Walter Massaguer y Diaz 
was born in Cardenas, Cuba, on the third 
of May, 1889. When he was seven years 
old his parents, to escape Spanish, persecu- 
tion, moved to Mexico taking him and his 
brother. There he attended school in the 
Literary Institute of Merida, Yucatan, but 
soon after moved to the United States 
where he entered St. John's School, Ossin- 
ing, N. Y., and later the Xew York Mili- 
tary Academy at Cornwall. There in 
1908 he began drawing caricatures for the 
school paper. In 1907 he was drawing for 
the Yacatecan paper La Campana and 
was soon contributing to other papers in 
Yucatan, The Diario Yucateco, Aries y 
Letras, La Arcadia, and Frou Frou. 

In 1908 his family returned to Cuba and 




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I 



404 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 


* 


he became a contributor to El Figaro, 
Letras, Cuba y America, El Triunfo, Don 
Pancho, El Choteo, El Mundo, La Prensa, 
Ultima Hora and La L^ucha. 

In 191 1 he held an exhibition of carica- 
tures in the Ateneo of Havana and in 191 2 
was made President of the section of 
Fiestas of the Ateneo. In 191 2 he paid a 
visit to New York where he made his de- 
but in the New York American* with cari- 
catures of Broadway and accompanying 
comment. In 191 3 the health of his family 
obliged him to return to Havana where he 
founded the Grdfico of which he is Vice- 
president and which he edited until 191 6. 
In 19 16 he founded the magazine Social 
of which he is Editor, and in the same year 
he founded the Institute of Graphic Arts 
of Havana of which he is President. In 
1 91 8 he was appointed a member of the 
Committee on the Fourth Liberty Loan 
and in the same year he was elected to 
the Board of management of the Club de 
Pintores y Escultores. 

When Cuba entered the war he made an 
energetic Pro-allied campaign in caricature 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



MASSAGUER 


405 


and text in his papers, and lent active aid 
to the loan and to the Red Cross. 

In 19 1 9 he produced the first number of 
Pulgarcito, a magazine for children. He is 
at work on preparations for the celebration 
of the Centenary of Havana to be held in 
December, 1919. 

He is a member of the Union and Rotary 
clubs as well as of various clubs of a purely 
social character. 




AND MONOGRAPHS I 



RODRIGUEZ GARCIA 407 


JOSE A RODRIGUEZ GARCIA 

Teacher; writer. 

Jose A. Rodriguez Garcia was born in 
Matanzas on the twenty-second of Febru- 
ary. 1864. He removed to Havana where 
he was taught in private schools and in due 
course won his degree of Bachelor. 

In 1882 he was appointed auxiliary Pro- 
fessor in the School of Arts and Crafts. 
In the following year he became Professor 
of Mathematics and later, on the reorgani- 
zation of the plan of education, he was en- 
trusted with the courses in Grammar, 
Geography, History, Accounting, and Econ- 
omy. During the seventeen years of his 
service as Professor in the School of Arts 
and Crafts he continued his study of Phil- 
osophy and Letters and Law. He ob- 
tained his degree of Licentiate and later 
that of Doctor in Philosophy and Let- 


> 


HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



CUBANS OF TO-DAY 



ters but did not complete the course in 
Law. 

In 1900 he was appointed Professor of 
Grammar in the Institute of Matanzas, 
and somewhat later entered the competi- 
tion for the Chair of Grammar, Didactic 
Literature, and the History of Spanish 
Literature in the Institute of Havana. 
In this he was successful and has since been 
Professor in the Capital. 

Dr. Rodriguez Garcia has also taken an 
active part in journalism. He has been a 
member of the staff of El Dia and also of 
La Noche and has published several maga- 
zines. In 1887 he issued Cuba Intelectual; 
in 1898 Los Domingos Liter arios; in 1904 
El Teatro Cubano; and in 1907 a second time 
Cuba Intelectual. 

He has also written books in a number of 
different fields — -Law, History, Geography, 
Philology, Mathematics, Literature, Gram- 
mar, etc. 

Among his publications are: Programa 
de nociones de Gramdtica Castellana, Ha- 
vana, 1904; Ensenanza gradual de la Lengua 
Castellana, Havana, 1896; Programa de 



HISPANIC NOTES 



RODRIGUEZ GARCIA 


409 


principios de Gramdtica Castellana, Havana, 
1896; Principios de Ortografia, Havana, 
1896; Principios de Geografia, Havana, 
1897; Gramatiquerias, Havana, 1898; En- 
sayo de un Pro grama para la ensenanza 
gradual de la Gramdtica Castellana, Havana, 
1899; Bibliografia de la Gramdtica y Lexi- 
cografia Castellana, etc., 2 vols., Havana, 
1 903-1913; Literatura Preceptiva, Havana, 
19 14; De la Avellaneda, Havana, 19 14. 




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I 



Jose Comallonga y Mena 



COM ALL ON G A 


411 


JOSE COMALLONGA Y MENA 

Agriculturist ; teacher; 
writer. 

Jose Comallonga y Mena was born in 
Guantanamo, Province of Oriente, in the 
year 1865. Although he came of a family 
fairly well off, when he was fifteen he left 
home rather than adopt the commercial 
views of his family and go into business. 

From the time he was fifteen until he 
was eighteen he lived a wandering life, 
marked by hardships and poverty, which 
led him into many parts of the Island. 
Under these unfavorable conditions, with- 
out the knowledge of his family or any aid 
or influence from any source, he entered a 
competition, set up by the now extinct 
Provincial Assembly of Santa Clara, for a 
scholarship at the More School of Agricul- 
ture, and notwithstanding the odds against 
him, won the prize. He then got to Havana 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



412 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




as best he could and devoted his full ener- 
gies to the study of Agronomical Engineer- 
ing in which he gained his degree in 1888. 
Thereupon he paid a long deferred visit to 
his home with his degree and with the satis- 
faction of owing his success solely to his 
own resolution and resources. 

During the period of his study for his 
degree he got his living by writing for news- 
papers, making reports, and other jobs. 
At this time he published a book of verses, 
collecting those which he had written for 
El Figaro and La Habana Elegante some of 
which have since appeared in the anthology 
of Cuban poetry entitled Arpas Cubanas. 

On completing his studies Comallonga 
devoted himself to what was then a new 
science in Cuba — that of the Chemistry of 
Sugar-making — and during fourteen years 
served as expert for the leading sugar mills 
of the island, seven of which he spent at 
the Central Constancia which from 1 890 to 
1895 had the reputation of being the first 
sugar mill in the world. 

When the Independence of Cuba was 
declared he took an active interest in ob- 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



COM A LLONGA 


4i3 


taining recognition for the academic de- 
grees which had been granted by the School 
of More and as result of his labors secured 
the validation of his own degrees by the 
University. Thereupon he presented him- 
self in competitive examination for a pro- 
fessorship in the School of Agronomy in the 
University, but failed to win it. A little 
later he entered a new competition for the 
chair ot Agriculture in the Provincial In- 
stitute of Oriente Province, which he won. 
After four years he entered a new competi- 
tion for the chair of Agriculture in the 
Institute of Santa Clara, in which he was 
successful notwithstanding that among his 
rivals was the famous Cuban authority on 
agriculture Don Juan Bautista Jimenez. 

At this time he was appointed by the 
government of President Estrada Palma, 
although he was a political opponent, Com- 
missioner to study the Naudet system, 
upon which he published a pamphlet de- 
signed to prevent the landowners from 
loss and injury by adopting the new 
method. 

In 1907 he entered a competition for the 




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I 



414 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Professorship of Rural Economy, etc., in 
which he was successful and which he now 
occupies. 

He was appointed at the same time by 
President Gomez, Director General of 
Agriculture, and in this position he set up 
the six model Agricultural schools which 
Cuba has and in which 180 children of rural 
Cuba are annually taught, clothed, and fed 
by the state. 

Under the administration of General 
Gomez (1908-12) Comallonga was also ap- 
pointed Commissioner of the Cuban Govern- 
ment to study agricultural instruction in 
France,Belgium,Switzerland,andtheUnited 
States, publishing a report on his return. 
He set up in the Department of Agriculture 
the Government agronomical service and 
the National Agricultural Laboratory. At 
the end of General Gomez's term of office 
Comallonga retired from public service to 
resume his chair at the University. 

In 191 5 he was appointed by President 
Menocal, Delegate to the Second Pan- 
American Scientific Congress, held in 
Washington; President Menocal also in- 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



COMALLONGA 



415 



vited Comallonga, in collaboration with 
Dr. Francisco Henares, to direct the pub- 
lication of a Portfolio of the Sugar Industry 
said to be the most sumptuous publication 
yet produced in Cuba. 

He has published: Manual del quimico 
y maestro de azucar cubano, Habana, 1897; 
Memorandum, Teoria de los Triple Eject os, 
Santiago de Cuba, 1903; La Industria 
azucar era en Cuba, Habana, 1906; Por la 
cultura agricola, Villaclara, 1908; La Feria 
y el Dr. Sacc, Habana, 1911; Acetones Agri- 
colas de algunos Gobiernos europeos, Ha- 
bana, 191 1 ; La instruction agricola en Cuba, 
Habana, 1913; Lecturas agricolas para los 
ninos, Habana, 1914; Portfolio de la indus- 
tria azucar era, Habana, 191 5; (and in col- 
laboration with Senorita Ortiz), Tratado de 
ensenanza de economta domestica y agricul- 
tural, Habana, 191 8. 



AND MONOGRAPHS I 
1 



MENOCAL 



4i7 



JUAN MANUEL MENOCAL 

Lawyer; soldier; magistrate. 

Juan Manuel Menocal y Fernandez 
de Castro was born in Matanzas in 1870, 
and began his studies in his birthplace 
where he took the courses leading to the 
Bachelor's degree in the Institute and was 
awarded the title after examination. 
Thence he went to Havana, entered the 
University, and was made Advocate in 
1894. 

He had practiced his profession only a 
year when the War of Independence broke 
out and he joined the revolutionists. He 
was a member of the expedition under the 
command of General Collazo which landed 
on the beach of Varadero, Hicacos Pen- 
insula, Matanzas, in March, 1896, and he 
continued in the service, fighting in the 
provinces of Matanzas, Las Villas, and Ha- 



HISPANIC NOTES 



I 



418 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




vana, until the end of the war when he re- 
tired with the rank of Colonel. 

During the first American Intervention 
Menocal fulfilled the duties of the following 
positions: Consulting Attorney to the 
Secretary of the Treasury; Acting Prose- 
cutor of the Provincial Courts of Matanzas 
and Camagiiey ; and Prosecutor of the Pro- 
vincial Court of Santiago de Cuba, at 
which last post he remained until the Re- 
public was constituted. 

Under the Republic he has held with- 
out any interval the following positions: 
Member of the Committee on Claims of 
the Army of Liberation; President of the 
Provincial Court of Matanzas; Presiding 
Judge of the Provincial Court of Havana; 
Secretary of Justice; Magistrate of the 
Supreme Court of the Republic. 


• I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



GUIRAL 



419 



RODOLFO GUIRAL 

Oculist. 

Rodolio Guiral y Viondi was born on 
the eleventh of February. 1874, in Guana- 
bacoa and there, in the church schools, he 
obtained his education as far as the Bach- 
elor's degree. He then entered the Uni- 
versity of Havana, began the study of 

. . . . 

Medicine, and obtained his degree as Doc- 
tor in 1898. 

In the practice of his profession he has 
devoted himself to ophthalmology , in which 
he has had an exceptionally wide range 
of experience both in public and private 
practice. 

In 1908 he was appointed head of the 
Doctor Enrique Lopez Eye Clinic and re- 
tained that post for four and a half years. 
He was then appointed oculist of the Hos- 
pital of Guanabacoa, remaining at this 



A N D MONOGRAPHS 



I 



420 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




post three years. In 1901 he was made 
oculist of the Centro Balear (Balearic Is- 
lands Club); and resigned in 1906 when 
he became oculist of the Centro de De- 
pendientes (Clerks Club), which position 
he later resigned. 

In 1908 he established a clinic of his 
own which bears his name. Meantime at 
one period or another he has been oculist 
to all the societies for mutual help in Ha- 
vana and on occasion has been attending 
all of them at the same time. 

Dr. Guiral has contributed to the pro- 
gress of his profession by various studies 
and experiments; he has completed a set 
of slides for stereoscopic use containing 
four hundred slides which exhibit the whole 
of the surgery of the eye, and has set 
up a complete laboratory of photomicro- 
graphy, the only one in Cuba. 

He is the inventor of the treatment for 
the care of Oftalmia blenorrdgica in children 
which has proved successful in 1,200 cases. 
He is also the inventor of the operation 
called Diverticula canaliculotomia and of the 
special instrument for this operation. He 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



GUIRAL 


421 


has, moreover, effected a modification in 
Professor Elliot's operation for trepanning 
by which the trepanning of the eye in 
glaucoma is harmless. Dr. Guiral has 
held no political office, but during the War 
of Independence he served on the Re- 
volutionary Committee of his native city. 

He has been Secretary of the Board of 
Judges in competitive examinations for 
the Chair of Ophthalmology in the Univer- 
sity. 

He has published: La Oftalmia purulenta, 
Havana, 19 13; Diagnostico diferencial de la 
conjuntivitis granulosa, etc., Havana, 19 13'; 
CUnica quirurgica ester eoscdpica de los 
ojos (with 350 stereoscopic photographs), 
Havana, 191 6; Nociones de Oftalmologia 
necesaria al medico general, Havana, 1916; 
La antisepsia en Cirugia ocular, 191 8. 




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I 



DEL RIO 


4 2 3 


FRANCISCO DEL RIO 

Physician; teacher. 

Francisco del Rio y Ferrer was born 
in Havana on the twenty-seventh of De- 
cember, 1880, but was educated chiefly in 
Spain. He won the degree of Bachelor at 
the Institute of Granada in 1897; then, 
going to Seville, he studied at the Univer- 
sity and graduated as Doctor of Veterinary 
Medicine in 1905. In the following year he 
gained the same degree in the University 
of Havana, which also granted him the 
degree of Doctor of Pharmacy in 19 13 and 
that of Doctor of Medicine and Surgery in 
1918. 

In 1904 he was appointed Assistant in 
the Faculty of the Veterinary School of 
Cordoba (Spain). In 1906 the Board of 
Health of Havana made him Veterinary 
Inspector. In 1907 he was appointed 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



424 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Veterinary for the Eastern Division in the 
Department of Public Works. He was 
one of the founders of the Free School of 
Veterinary Medicine in Cuba. In 1908 
he was appointed Interne Professor in the 
School of Veterinary Medicine in the 
University, and later, through competi- 
tive examination, titular Professor of the 
Anatomy and Dissection of Domestic 
Animals. 

He has been Sub-Delegate of Veterinary 
Medicine, and in 19 14 he was Vice-presi- 
dent of the Third National Medical Con- 
gress. He is the editor of the Revista Cu- 
bana de Medicina V eterinaria and author 
of Compendio de Artrologia y Miologia del 
Caballo (1914). 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



C A D A L S 0 


425 


ALEJANDRO RUIZ CADALSO 

Engineer; architect; teacher. 

Alejandro Ruiz Cadalso was born on 
the twenty-fourth of April, 1872, in Havana, 
and there he gained his education in the 
Institute, where he obtained the degree of 
Bachelor; in the Professional School where 
he won the titles of Agrimensor and Mae- 
stro de Obras, and in the University where 
he was made Doctor of Physico-Mathe- 
m a ties and Civil Engineer. 

In 1898 he was appointed Auxiliary Pro- 
fessor cf the Professional School and in 
1 900, through competitive examination, he 
won the chair of Surveying, Topography, 
and Measuration. When the Academy of 
Arts and Letters was organized he was 
made a charter Member. 

He made the survey for the Municipal 
Terminal, executing for it the first geodeti- 




A N D MONOGRAPHS 


I 



426 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




cal triangulation ever made in Cuba which 
has served as a basis for the modern 
topographical plan of the city. 

His published works include La doctrina 
de la energia; El mapa de Cuba, como estd 
hecho y como habrd que hacerlo; El ingeniero 
y la civilization; La ensenanza de la Ingen- 
ieria y las opiniones del Dr. W addell; El 
concepto de cordillera y de sierra; Las bru- 
julas y la declination magnetica: distribu- 
tion de esta en Cuba; Proyecto de exploration 
magnetica de Cuba; Instrucciones para la 
determination de la declination magnetica 
en Cuba; Mercedes y centros de la haciendas 
circulares cubanas; Lecciones de Topo- 
grafta y Agrimensura, etc. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



BROUWER 


427 


JULIO E. BROUWER 

Veterinary; surgeon; scientist. 

Julio E. Brouwer y Etchecopar was 
born on the twentieth of December, 1879, 
in the city of Matanzas, Cuba, but he was 
educated in France. His early studies 
were taken at the St. Bernard College of 
the La Salle brotherhood in Bayonne; 
later he entered the Lycee of Bordeaux in 
which he gained his degree of Bachelor of 
Letters, and Mathematics at the University 
in 1899. In the same year he was admitted, 
after a competition, to the Veterinary 
School of Alfort where he continued three 
years, and then passed on to the school of 
Toulouse where he obtained his degree of 
Veterinary in 1905. 

On his return to Cuba he was made 
Veterinary of the General Board or Health 
and took charge at the same time of the 
Laboratory of Epizooty. On the estab- 
lishment by Congress of the Agricultural 




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I 



428 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Stations, Dr. Brouwer was made Director 
of the Camagiiey Station. In 1907 he was 
appointed, after competitive examination, 
Veterinary Lieutenant in the Rural Guard. 
He was one of the founders of the Free 
Veterinary School afterwards incorporated 
into the University. In 1908 he was ap- 
pointed, after competitive examination, 
titular Professor of Pathology, Surgery, 
Clinical Surgery, Operations, and Theory 
and Practice of Farriery and Horseshoeing. 
When the Training School for Horseman- 
ship was organized for the officers of the 
Rural Guard, Dr. Brouwer was made 
Foundation Protessor of the institution 
and for two yeais lectured on Military 
Horsemanship. 

In the exercise of his profession he 
founded the first Clinic for dogs in Cuba, 
and was one of the founders of the Pasteur 
Laboratory of Havana of serums and vac- 
cines and is its Director. He was also the 
organizer of the first Dog Show in Cuba. 

He is the author or Hipologia Muttar, 
which was made the textbook in the mili- 
tary Academy. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



A L E M A N 


429 


RICARDO M. ALEMAN 

Lawyer; teacher; writer. 

Ricardo M. Aleman y Martin was 
born in Havana on the twenty-first of 
August, 1 89 1. After taking his early 
studies in the Institute of Havana he went 
to New York where he studied for a time 
in the "La Salle Institute," but returned 
to Havana to complete his course and ob- 
tained the degree of Doctor of Civil Laws 
in June, 1914. 

He is one of the original members of the 
Cuban Society of International Law and was 
Vice Secretary of the First National Juri- 
dical Congress which met in December, 1 9 1 6 . 

In 191 7 he was elected Fourth Deputy 
of the Board of Governors of the Bar As- 
sociation (Colegio de Abogados) of Havana 
and in 191 8 he was chosen First Deputy 
of the board. 




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I 



430 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




On October i 5 191 7, he was appointed 
Adjunct Professor of Mercantile Law in 
the University and on October 5th of the 
same year, Professor of Civil Law. 

He is author of : Nuevas causas de divorcio 
que es convenience eslablecer (1916); Prob- 
lema de derecho mercantil acerca de la re- 
sponsabilidad del socio comanditario (191 7) ; 
Capacidad de la mujer en el Derecho Civil 
(191 7); La querella en el Derecho Procesal 
y en el Derecho Penal. Critica de esta In- 
stitution (191 7); Problema de Derecho Pro- 
cesal relativo a la institution de la rebeldia 
en el procedimiento civil (19 17); El Derecho 
y el Teatro (191 7); El derecho de alimentos 
y la Orden Militar 168 de IQ02 (191 7); 
El Cotejo de letras practicado de oficio (191 7) ; 
Contratos bilaterales imperfectos (19 17); 
Codigo de Comer cio Anotado (191 7); Los 
actos de comer cio en la doctrina, en el derecho 
vigente y en las principales legislaciones ex- 
tranjeras (19 18) ; Las sociedades alemanas de 
responsabilidad limitada (19 18); La Letra 
de Cambio. Estudio de Derecho Mercantil 
(1018). 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



R E M 0 S 


43i 


JUAN J. REMOS 

Critic; writer; lecturer. 

Juan J. Remos y Rubio was born on the 
eighth of April, 1896, in Santiago de Cuba, 
where he began his schooling. In October, 
1908, he entered the Institute of Havana, 
for which special permission was required 
because he had not reached the required 
age for admission. He gained the Bache- 
or's degree in 191 2 and in the following year 
entered the University where he completed 
the required course for the Doctor's degree 
in two years. 

In 191 1, while he was still a student, he 
founded the Sociedad de confer encias De- 
mo stenes, and in 1913 the Sociedad de 
Estudios Artisticos, in which he has taken 
an active part and is one of the three Direc- 
tors, the others being Doctors Sergio Cue- 
vas Zequeira and Jose Cosculluela. On 




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1 



432 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




the reorganization of the Ateneo of Havana 
in June, 191 5, Dr. Remos was made Secre- 
tary of the Fine Arts section and initiated 
a series of great popular concerts. 

In 1917, on being elected President of 
the section, he developed an extensive plan 
for lectures, concerts, meetings, and inter- 
change of ideas with other Latin- Americans. 

In September, 191 5, he was made Secre- 
tary of the Falcon Conservatory of Music. 
In 19 14 he founded the magazine Arte 
which gained a large measure of success. 
In 191 5 he was appointed Professor of 
Spanish Language and Literature in the 
" English College" of Marianao and in 
191 7 he won in competitive examination 
the post of first auxiliary Professor of 
Spanish Grammar and Literature in the 
Institute of Havana. 

Dr. Remos has contributed to the prin- 
cipal periodicals of Cuba and has published 
the following works: Cur so de Historia de 
la Literatura Castellana (2 vols.); Introduc- 
tion al Teatro de Schiller; Movimiento in- 
telectual de Cuba en el siglo XX; La cuestion 
de oriente y sus relaciones con los estados de 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



R E M 0 S 


433 


Europa (doctor's thesis) ; Cursos abreviados 
de Filosofia Historia y Literatura Mus- 
icales; Adaris (drama); 27 de Noviembre y 
Certdmenes artisticos (addresses), La toma 
de la Bastilla, Meyerbeer, Francia bajo Luis 
XIV, Donizetti, El arte mater ialista de 
Fidias y el arte espiritualista de Miguel 
Angel y Las celebres obras liter arias en 
musica (lectures). 




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I 



DESVERNINE 


435 


PABLO DESVERNINE 

Scholar; teacher; diplo- 
matist; Secretary of State 
in the Republic of Cuba, 
1914 

The Premier in President MenocaFs 
Cabinet has had the fortune to run a long 
and distinguished career almost wholly in 
the city where he was born and grew up. 
Except tor two comparatively brief periods 
spent in the United States, the first at 
Columbia University where as a student 
he obtained the degree of LL.B. and the 
second in Washington where he represented 
his country as its Minister, his life has 
been passed in Havana where he was born 
in the year 1854. 

He studied at the University of Havana 
and practiced law in the Havana courts. 
In 1899 he was appointed by General 
Brooke, the American Military Governor, 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



436 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




to be Chief of the Cabinet to the general 
satisfaction of the people. In the follow- 
ing year he was made Professor of Civil 
Law in the University where he has con- 
tinued to teach with occasional interrup- 
tions. In ign he was made President of 
the Exposition of Agriculture, Industry, 
Art, and Labor. In 19 13 President Men- 
ocal appointed him Envoy Extraordinary 
and Minister Plenipotentiary to Washing- 
ton, then as now the most important and 
responsible diplomatic post to a Cuban. 
In 1 9 14 he was made Secretary of State. 

Author: "Special Report of the Secre- 
tary of Finance to General John R. Brooke, 
U. S. A., Governor General of Cuba. Ha- 
vana, 1899. El Derecho y la Sociologia, 
Habana, 1900; Confer encia sobre el prob- 
lema monetario de Cuba. Habana, 1904; 
Discurso leido en la apertura del curso aca- 
deniico de igio a igii. Universidad de la 
Habana, 19 10. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



ARAMBURU 


437 


JOAQUIN N. ARAMBURU 

Journalist; educator; au- 
thor. 

Joaquin N. Aramburu was born in 
Guanajay, Province of Pinar del Rio, on 
the tenth of September, 1855. He was 
educated at home, and in the public schools 
of his native town; never has attended 
college or university, but has increased his 
scanty early equipment by constant read- 
ing and the regular work of journalism. 
To this he has devoted his lite, having been, 
during his career of forty years, the founder 
of eight papers and an editor of no fewer 
than twenty. For the past fifteen years 
he has been on the staff of the Diario de 
la Marina. Besides his services to Cuban 
papers he has been correspondent of sev- 
eral European periodicals. 

Of public offices Senor xAramburu has 
held but one — that of Secretary of the 




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I 



438 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Board of Education to which he was 
nominated by General Wood in iqoi. 

He is an Honorary Member of the Roya ta 
Academy of Galicia (Spain) and of nearly 
all the societies organized in Cuba for 
instruction, recreation, and charity. 

He is the author of a number of books 
some of which have been honored by trans- 
lation into English: 

Prosa y Verso. Guanajay, 1895; Pa- 
ginal mtimas. Guanajay, 1895; Liturgia 
del grado de aprendiz. Habana, 1895; 
Aprendiz de Mason. Habana, 1900; 1913; 
Comparer 0 Mason. Habana, 1895; 1900; 
1 9 1 3 ; Maestro Mason. Habana, 1895;! 900 ; 
1912; 1913; La Masoneria y sits stmbolos. 
Habana, 1900; 191 5; Lo que hace el dolor. 
Drama. Pdginas, Habana, 1907; A. Moral. 
Guanajay, 1906; La Noche Buena. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



CAN I Z ARES 


439 


SANTIAGO GARCIA CANIZARES 

Physician; public man. 

Santiago Garcia Canizares was born 
on the seventh of July, 1862, in Sancti 
Spiritus, the birthplace of his mother; his 
father was a Spanish army officer. He 
prepared tor the Bachelor's degree in the 
Jesuit College of Sancti Spiritus and in 
1878 entered the University of Havana 
where he obtained the Licentiate in Medi- 
cine in 1884 and the Doctorate in 1886. 

He began the practice of his profession 
in the Isle of Pines and continued it in his 
native city where, besides serving on the 
Board of Education and the Board of Hos- 
pital Patrons, he edited a periodical La 
Igualdad. He held the position of Direc- 
tor of Coast Sanitation until 1895 when, at 
the outbreak of the War of Independence, 
he joined the revolutionaries. 




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I 



440 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




In the same year he was elected to re- 
present the Fourth Army Corps in the 
Constitutional Assembly where Cuban 
independence was declared and the con- 
stitution signed. By unanimous vote of 
that Assembly he was chosen Secretary of 
the Interior of the Revolutionary govern- 
ment, and performed the duties of that 
office during the two years of the constitu- 
tional regime. From 1897 until the end 
of the war he held the rank of Colonel in 
the Sanitary Service. 

Following this, as Mayor of Sancti 
Spiritus he organized departments of health 
and education, established orphanages 
and other philanthropies. 

In 1 90 1 the Republican party of which 
he was one of the founders, elected him to 
represent the Province of Santa Clara in 
the Cuban House of Representatives where 
he served several terms as president. 

He has always been an earnest and active 
partizan; in Congress he has worked for the 
extension and regulation of charities and 
has been the author of various bills looking 
toward public betterment. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



JOSE G . VILLA 


44i 


JOSE G. VILLA 

Writer; teacher. 

Jose G. Villa was born on the thirteenth 
of January, 1850, in Matanzas and obtained 
his education in his native place. He first 
studied Pharmacy, later turned to tech- 
nical and practical Electricity and at last 
to teaching, in which he gained a place as 
Professor of primary instruction and Eng- 
lish in a mercantile Academy. 

Sr. Villa has written much both in prose 
and verse for many periodicals, many of 
his contributions appearing in the Havana 
magazine Cuba y America. He has also 
edited and published periodicals of his 
own which have had more or less success, 
for example, El Ramo de Acacia, a masonic 
paper; El Pajaro Sirvidango, a furtive pa- 
per issued during the period of freedom of 
the press in 1869; El Consuelo de los Pobres. 




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I 



442 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




the organ of a charitable society; La Mosca 
Verde, a satirical magazine; Arte y Sport, a 
literary magazine, 19 14. 

Among his published works are: Cefiros 
y flores, Matanzas 18 7-; La Condesa del 
Alba, Matanzas; Pucha Yumurina, Ma- 
tanzas; Mi Mtisa, Matanzas; Rachas, Ma- 
tanzas; Sonet os, Matanzas; Entre la vida 
y al muerte, 191 2. 

I 

• 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



MIGUEL 


443 


PABLO MIGUEL Y MERINO 

Teacher; mathematician. 

Pablo Miguel y Merino was born in 
Havana on the twentieth of September, 
1887. He attended the Colegio de Belen 
( 1 898-1 903) and the University of Deusto, 
Bilbao (Spain) (1903- 1904), then, entering 
the University at Havana, took his major 
work in mathematics. In 1909 he was 
graduated with the degree of Doctor in 
Physical Science, Mathematics, Civil En- 
gineering, and Architecture. 

During his student days, Dr. Miguel 
began work in the University as instructor 
in astronomy, later being appointed to an 
adjunct professorship and in 191 2 to a 
full professorship in which capacity he 
now serves (19 19). 

He is the author of a book on the Ele- 
ments of Higher Algebra. 




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I 



BETANCOURT 



445 



TEM1STOCLES BETANCOURT Y 
CASTILLO 

Lawyer, Magistrate. 

Temistocles Betancourt y Castillo 
was born at Camaguey on the fifteenth of 
May, i S 73 , where he was educated and 
from where he proceeded to the L niversity 
of Havana, in which he graduated in law. 
During the Spanish regime, as well as 
the period of intervention, and afterwards 
under the Republic, he has served in va- 
rious public positions, beginning with Dis- 
trict Attorney for Camaguey and occupied 
in succession the following posts: Court 
Officer of the Provincial Court of Cama- 
guey, Judge of the First Instance, etc., of 
Moron; Judge of Instruction, etc., of Pinar 
del Rio; Secretary of the Provincial Court 
of Santa Clara; Prosecuting Attorney of 
Provincial Court of Oriente; Magistrate 



HISPANIC NOTES 



I 

I 



446 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




of the Provincial Court of Camagiiey and 
Presiding Judge of the same court. He 
was made Public Master of the first and 
second grade because of special services 
and is on the Board of Examiners in Cama- 
giiey and Ciego de Avila. 

He occupies the post of Official Lecturer 
in the summer normal schools and is in 
charge of the courses on Geography and 
Civic Instruction. He is an honorary 
member of the Association of Masters in 
Law, at Camagiiey, a member of the Veter- 
ans' Association and of the Nautical Club 
at Moron, and he holds the post of lecturer 
for the above Association of Masters in 
Law. He is active as managing member 
and secretary of the board of directors of 
the Puerta Principe and Nuevigas Railway. 
He has also held the chair of Geography 
and Universal History in the Provin- 
cial Institute at Camagiiey. He is the 
author of a work with notes on the Organic 
Law of Judicial Powers, and a treatise on 
Extenuating Circumstances in the Penal 
Code. He has published articles on Meth- 
odology, Natural Sciences, Geography, 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



BET AN COURT 


447 


and Physiology, and two pamphlets on 
Episodes in the War of Independence up 
to the arrival in Cuba of the First President 
of the Republic. He has contributed as a 
writer of scientific and literary articles, to 
many Cuban magazines, his contributions 
ranging from the field of poetry to the 
field of agriculture. In party politics he 
is a member of the old National party and 
is often heard on the public platform of his 
own city. 


* 


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i 



Emilio Bobadilla 
("Fray Candil " ) 



BOBADILLA 


449 


EMILIO DE BOBADILLA 

(Fray Candil) 

Critic; poet; novelist. 

Emilio de Bobadilla, widely known by 
the pseudonym Fray Candil, was born in 
the city of Cardenas, Cuba, in 18/2. His 
father, Don Jose Sixto de Bobadilla, a 
descendant of the Spanish Knight, Fran- 
cisco de Bobadilla who carried Columbus 
to Spain in chains in 1500, was an attorney 
well known in Havana in his day and a pro- 
fessor in the Law Department of the Uni- 
versity. He desired that his son should 
study law and succeed to his practice and 
prestige; but the boy's bent was totally 
different. 

As a youth of fifteen or sixteen, a student 
in the University of Havana, young Boba- 
dilla felt an irresistible attraction toward 
literature as a career; and began writing 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



45o 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




for the local papers and reviews under the 
name which he afterwards made famous. 

From the first he gave indications of a 
vein of satire and keen critical ability, 
which made it evident to himself and his 
family that he must devote himself to 
letters. The intellectual poverty and the 
narrow social atmosphere of the oppressed 
colony were odious to the young man and 
upon the death of his father he sailed for 
Spain. At twenty years of age he arrived 
in Madrid, the metropolis of his race and 
his tongue, where he was already known in 
journalistic circles through his work for 
Cuban and South American periodicals. 

He at once entered the Central Univer- 
sity of Madrid and completed his legal 
studies but with his mind fixed always on 
literature. He collaborated in the work 
of El Impartial and other Madrid papers 
soon becoming recognized as a critic of 
power, discernment, and independence. 
His fearless sincerity naturally won him 

* 1 j * J 1 O *1 1 * 11 

enemies, but m the Spanish speaking world 
he is known as one of the critics of the 
day. A duel which he had with the famous 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



. B 0 B A D I L L A 


45i 


critic and satirist Clarin, in which the 
latter was wounded, produced a sensation 
in Madrid. 

Bobadilla is a scholar: he is acquainted 
with several languages and with nearly all 
European countries. Upon a visit to the 
Scandinavian countries he was cordially 
treated by the public and was entertained 
several days by the celebrated Bjornson 
at his home, Anlestad. 

Bobadilla's novels are: Novelas en ger- 
men; A fuego lento (a tale which is to 
tropical life what some of Kipling's are to 
the jungle); En la noche dormida (a patho- 
logical study); En pos de la paz (word 
painting of events in the Lower Pyrenees) ; 
Viajando por Espana (with a prologue by 
Perez Galdos); Sintiendome vivir (the 
intimate spiritual life of the author) . His 
books of literary criticism are: Capiritazos; 
Solfeo; Triquitraques; Con la capucha vuelta; 
Grafomonos de America; Bulevar arriba, 
Bulevar abajo; El padre Colo ma y la aristo- 
cracia. 

Poetical works: Vortice (a collection 
of poems various of which have been trans - 




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452 


CUBANS OF TO - DA Y 




lated into English, Italian, and French); 
Fiebres (short poems, much admired and 
imitated in Latin America, the best known 
of which are entitled Bogota and A Velaz- 
quez, Although one by one Fray Candil's 
sonnets make their first appearance in La 
Esfera (Madrid) he contributes constantly 
to many South American and European 
reviews including Le Figaro and Le Gil 
Bias, La Revue de Revues and La Renais- 
sance latine. His work is received with 
great respect by the critics: Azotin 
affirms that "Fray Candil has taught Spain 
to think and to feel"; Gomez de Baquero, 
"Fray Candil has the melancholy and 
sobriety of Anatole France, the aggressive- 
ness of Octave Mirbeau, the scientific seri- 
ousness of Taine and the roguishness of 
Henri Lavedan"; the London Athenceum 
proclaims him "the first of Spanish critics. " 

At present, 19 19, Bobadilla makes his 
home in Biarritz, France, where he is 
serving as Consul from Cuba. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



BUSTO Y DELGADO 


453 


NEMESIO BUSTO Y DELGADO 

Lawyer; judge. 

Nemesio Busto y Delgado was born 
in the village of Recreo, now called Maximo 
Gomez, on the nineteenth of December, 
1865. At the Colegio ' ' El Progreso " in the 
City of Cardenas he prepared for the 
Bachelor's degree which he received in 
1882; six years later he was granted the 
Licentiate in Law by the University of 
Havana. 

He has occupied in Cardenas the office 
of Judge of the Primary Court of Claims 
and Mandates, Correctional and Munici- 
pal, and was President of the Board ot 
Education until December, 19 10. 

In 1 910 he was the candidate of the 
Liberal party, and was elected to repre- 
sent the Province of Matanzas in the 




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454 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




House of Representatives and, later, was 
designated Secretary of that body. He 
filled the same position in the special ses- 
sion of Congress convened in 19 13. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



BYRNE 


455 


BONIFACIO BYRNE 

Poet; journalist. 

Bonifacio Byrne was born in Pueblo 
Nuevo a suburb of Matanzas on the third 
of March, 1861. At seven years of age he 
entered the Colegio "El Porvenir" in 
Matanzas where he came under the influ- 
ence of Antonio Luis Moreno, the director 
of the school. Pupil until 1875, and after- 
wards teacher in this institution, the in- 
spiration and guidance of Moreno, added 
to that master's illuminating teaching of 
the poets, led young Byrne to choose poetry 
as his vocation. Aside from Moreno, the 
model and mentor of Byrne's early days 
was the poet Nicanor A. Gonzales. 

Byrne's first appearance in print was in 
his seventeenth year, when some of his 
verses were published in a Matanzas 
weekly, La Primavera. 




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I 



45^ 


CUBANS OF TO-D AY 




His first essay in the journalistic field 
was as annalist of the "Ateneo" society, 
being associated with the veteran writer 
Fernando Romero Fajardo who was its 
Director. 

He later joined the editorial staff of El 
Pueblo in Matanzas, and was director 
successively of La Mariana, La Juventud 
Liberal and El Obrero; twice he was editor 
of El Diario (Matanzas) and did special 
articles for El Impartial and La Region. 
In 1895, when rebellious Cuba was being 
disciplined by Spain, Byrne's caustic and 
enthusiastic pen attracted a dangerous de- 
gree of attention; his separatist propaganda 
led to the suppression of his paper, El 
Diario de Matanzas. Byrne was arrested 
and tried; defended by Nicholas Heredia, 
a writer of note, his trial deteriorated into 
a picturesque political wrangle, in which 
the President of the Tribunal frequently 
obstructed the defense with interruptions. 
Byrne was sentenced to six months' im- 
priboniiieiii uuu ebcdpeu. berving unrougn a 
proclamation of amnesty. 

At this juncture Byrne emigrated to 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



BYRNE 


457 


Tampa, Florida, where he remained three 
years. Here he continued to work for 
Cuban independence largely through the 
columns of El Expedicionario,'sL small paper 
which he directed, and through his con- 
tributions to the Cuban periodicals Patria, 
El Porvenir, Cacarajicara, El Continente 
Americano, and Cuba. He also collaborated 
in the Album Patriotic which El Figaro 
published in 1899. He was secretary, in 
Tampa, of the club Pedro Betancourt. 

Upon his return to the island of Cuba, 
after the close of the Spanish-American 
War, Byrne acted for a short time as editor 
of La Discusion, but in April, 1899, resigned 
to accept an appointment under the provin- 
cial government of Matanzas; later, being 
appointed secretary of that government, he 
retained the position for ten years, until 
1912. 

During a part of this period he directed 
in Matanzas the periodical Yucayo, which 
he continues in 191 9, serving also as Secre- 
tary to the Superintendent of Schools of 
the Province. He has been President of 
the Press Club and of the Club of "Emi- 




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I 



458 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




grados" in Matanzas. He is a member of 
the Cuban Academy of Arts and Letters 
and an Associate (Correspondent ) Fellow 
of the Academy of the Republic of San 
Salvador. 

Byrne has not been without honors in 
his own city: The Council has declared 
him an Eminent Son of the City of Matan- 
zas, and a street has been named in his 
honor. A commemorative stone tablet has 
been placed in the house in which he was 
born, at the expense of the Association of 
Students of the Institute in the same place. 

In 191 5, during a second visit to the 
Great Republic of the North, Byrne wrote 
a book of verses entitled La Nation Mara- 
villosa, a tribute of admiration to the 
country of Washington. This has not yet 
appeared. 

His published writings are the following: 
Volumes of poetry: Excentricas (Phila- 
delphia, 1893) \Efigies (Philadelphia, 1897); 
Lira y Espada (1901); Poemas (1903); En 
Medio del C amino (1914). 

Several of his dramatic works have been 
produced with success: El Anonimo; Rayo 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



BYRNE 


459 


de Sol; El Legado; Varon en Puerto,; El 
Espiritu de Marti. 

He has been successful in numerous liter- 
ary competitions, having been awarded the 
first prizes in Matanzas at the quatro- 
centenary of the discovery of America, 
and in Havana. His sonnets and patri- 
otic poems presented at Juegos Florales 
throughout Cuba and in Spain have 
brought him many prizes. 




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I 



CALLEJAS 


461 


• 

FELIX CALLEJAS 

Poet; journalist. 

Felix Callejas was born of Cuban 
parents at Bogota, Colombia, on the eigh- 
teenth of May , 1 8 7 8 . His first studies were 
pursued in the Colegio of Belen and the 
Institute of Havana. He began his liter- 
ary career in the field of poetry, where his 
success as a verse writer soon attracted 
notice. His first volume of poetry, Vi- 
braciones, won enthusiastic welcome from 
the public. Among the noticeable poems in 
this volume are " Noche de Baile," " Cuadro 
de Sombres," "Cieno y Alma," "Praem- 
ium, " and "Entre llamas." In his later 
verse may be mentioned " Armas y espigas," 
which won the first prize in a competition 
taken part in by the leading poets of Cuba. 
The sonnet form is especially affected by 
this writer and many of his sonnets are 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



462 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 


r 


distinguished for elevation of thought and 
beauty of expression. Endowed with ver- 
satility of talent, Callejas has used various 
forms of literary expression, ranging from 
poetry to humorous essays. He was the 
founder and editor of the educational review 
Cuba Pedagogica and edited for a number of 
years the child's magazine called Primavera. 
He has contributed also in prose and verse 
to the principal literary publications of his 
country. In 191 2 he took up journalistic 
work as editor of the Prensa 01 Havana, 
in which he inaugurated a humorous sec- 
tion, which soon attracted popular notice 
throughout the country. His humor and 
his irony are directed to encourage all ele- 
ments of social progress and it w T as through 
his championship that the system of giving 
free luncheons to public school scholars 
was introduced in Cuba. A selection of 
humorous articles was published in 1914, 
under the title Arreglando el Mundo, a book 
which won popular approval. 

Callejas is also distinguished as an 
educator, in which capacity he has lectured 
on grammar in Normal schools in Havana, 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



CALLE J AS 



and has occupied important technical posi- 
tions in the Office of Public Instruction and 
Fine Arts. He is a member of the Na- 
tional Academy of Arts and Letters, in 
which he has served as general treasurer 
and vice-president of the section of litera- 
ture. At the present time, although not 
giving up his work in daily journalism, he 
is editor of the Review of Agriculture, 
Commerce and Labor, an official publica- 
tion of the Cuban Government. 



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I 



CANIZ ARES 


465 


FELIPE GARCIA CANIZ ARES 

Physician; teacher. 

Felipe Garcia Canizares was born in 
Sancti Spiritus on the fourteenth of July, 
1872. He obtained his early education in 
his native city, and afterwards proceeded 
to Havana and Madrid. In 1892 he be- 
came a member of the hospital staff of San 
Francisco de Paulo, and in November of 
that year, after a competitive examination, 
he was appointed assistant in Dissection 
in the medical faculty of the University of 
Havana. From 1893 to 1896 he was in 
charge of the chair of Mathematics, Phys- 
ics, Chemistry and Natural History in the 
Real Concilia Seminary of Havana. In 
1895 he was appointed, after a competition, 
a member with first honors of the " Weiss " 
Obstetrical Clinic, and later in the same 
year associate professor of Technical 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



466 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Anatomy, in the Preparatory School of 
Medicine at Havana. He obtained his 
degree of Licentiate in medicine with 
first-class honors and afterwards the degree 
of Doctor of Natural Sciences. At the 
close of 1895 he proceeded to Europe and 
graduated as Doctor of Medicine at the 
Central Faculty of Madrid. From this 
city he went on to Paris to specialize in 
the study of botany, syphilitic diseases, 
and diseases of the skin. He continued to 
Manila and this trip was wrongly inter- 
preted as involving him in questions of 
Cuban politics. He was tried by a court 
martial and. was sent to Barcelona. After 
a month he was freed and he then went to 
France and from there to Venezuela, where 
he practiced his prof ession until he returned 
to Cuba in 1900. He was nominated after 
a competition to the chair of Natural His- 
tory in the Institute of Havana, and also 
assumed charge of the Botanical Garden 
and Museum of the Institute. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



A R T E A G A 


467 


MANUEL ARTEAGA 

Manuel Arteaga was born in Cama- 
guey on the twenty-eighth of December, 
1879. In 1892 he went to Venezuela to 
pursue his studies at the University of Car- 
acas where he followed courses in civil law 
and theology. After being ordained he 
was appointed to the position of foreign 
curate and vicar at Cumana and later was 
named Canon with the title of Doctor in 
the Cathedral of Guayana. While at 
Cumana he took charge of the decoration 
of the Church of Santa Ines and was also 
given supervision of the restoration of the 
parish church at Benita in Venezuela, 
which had been destroyed by the earth- 
quake of 1900. This work under his direc- 
tion was entirely successful. In 19 10 he 
was sent to the Eucharistic Congress of 
Madrid as a representative of the Archdio- 




A N D M ONOGRAPHS 


I 



468 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




cese of Caracas and read a paper there on 
ecclesiastical subjects. Afterwards he re- 
turned to Camagiiey, where he now occu- 
pies the position of parish priest of the 
Church de la Caridad. At present he is 
Provisor and Vicar General of the Bishopric 
of Havana. He is also interested in 
journalism, having published in Venezuela 
La Iglesia> and at Camaguey a journal 
entitled Religion y Patria. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



C A R T A Y A 


469 


ENRIQUE HERNANDEZ CARTA YA 

Lawyer; teacher. 

Enrique Hernandez Carta ya was 
born on the twenty-sixth of January, 1877, 
in the city of Havana. His elementary 
and secondary studies w T ere pursued at the 
Colegio of San Jose and at the Institute of 
Havana, where he received his Bachelor's 
degree in 1891, with honors. Entering the 
University of Havana he took courses in 
law, philosophy, and letters. In the first 
subject he won prizes in all of his assigned 
subjects and took the degrees of Licen- 
tiate of Laws and Doctor of Laws with first 
honors. In the faculty of philosophy and 
letters he received various prizes, became 
Licentiate and received the public investi- 
ture of Doctor in 1897. He was appointed 
assistant supernumerary professor in the 
Faculty of Philosophy and Letters and was 




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I 

! 



47o 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




engaged in the teaching of Spanish liter- 
ature and metaphysics from 1897 to 1898. 
In this year after receiving the degree of 
Doctor of Laws he was nominated by the 
faculty as assistant professor in the Law 
School. In 1900, after competition, he ob- 
tained the chair of Assistant Professor in 
the School of Public Law. In this capacity 
he has taken charge of the work from 1900 
to 1904 in political economy and juris- 
prudence. In 1904 he was advanced to 
the position of Titular Professor of Ad- 
ministrative Law, a position which he holds 
at the present time. He is also a member 
of the University Council, the governing 
body of the University of Havana. 

He was a legal member of the extinct 
Superior Committee of Especial Hygiene, 
a member of the Commission for Social 
Service, a part of the Department of Jus- 
tice, a member of the Commission nomi- 
nated by the President of the Republic to 
inquire into the increase in budgetary 
items, a member of the Cuban Section of 
the Supreme International Commission 
for Uniform Legislation in Financial Mat- 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



C A R T A Y A 


47i 


ters, in which capacity he prepared a ques- 
tionnaire submitted to the Central Council 
at Washington on bills of exchange, a work 
which secured the approval of Secretary 
McAdoo. He is ex-officio member of the 
Central Electoral Committee, founded in 
1908, and during eleven years he has been 
actively concerned in all of the electoral 
cases and questions arising in the Island 
of Cuba. In 1906 he was named as a Coun- 
selor by President Palma, and in this ca- 
pacity was a member of the Commission 
known under the name of "Cabildo de Al- 
tura. " At this time he was nominated by 
this Commission to be Acting Alcalde of the 
Fifth District of Havana, which takes in 
an extensive zone in the city. He has been 
entrusted with various civic duties, among 
others that of acting as a member of the 
boards of judges in the open competitions 
held at the Institute and the University 
of Havana. For twenty years he has been 
actively engaged in law practice and has 
been a member of the governing body of the 
Havana bar. At present he is Vice-presi- 
dent of the Cuban Society of International 




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I 



472 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Law, a member of the American Society 
of International Law of Washington, and 
of the American Academy of Political and 
Social Science of Philadelphia. He has 
published a complete work on the Cuban 
electoral system entitled El Regimen elec- 
toral de la Republica de Cuba, which is cited 
in the last edition of Esmain's classical 
treatise on constitutional law. He has 
published a critical study on the Aeneid 
of Virgil and the Pharsalis of Lucan, as his 
doctor's dissertation, 1897. His technical 
works are as follows : La quiebra en Derecho 
intern acional privado, 1898. La fianza de 
arraigo en nuestro derecho moderno, 1899. 
El Regimen parlamentario y la constitucion 
de Cuba. El escrutinio primario, 1908. La 
inmunidad parlamentaria, 1913. Lareforma 
del derecho publico cubano, 1919. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



M E N 0 C A L 


473 


ARMANDO MENOCAL 

Painter. 

Armando Menocal was born in Havana 
in 1866. His early education in Cuba was 
supplemented by the study of art in Spain. 

In 1888, he was appointed professor in 
the School of Painting and Sculpture of 
Havana, the appointment being renewed in 
1899. 

He has at sundry times served as judge 
in competitions of painting, and was official 
representative from Cuba to the Paris 
Exposition in 1900. He was elected in 
191 2 to membership in the Academy of 
Arts and Letters (Cuba). 

Menocal has for many years been a 
painter of portraits and of genre and histori- 
cal pictures; he has more recently turned 
his attention to fresco. His decorations 
for the auditorium of the University and 




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I 



474 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




for the magnificent new presidential palace 
were chosen as the result of competitions. 

Menocal reached the rank of major in the 
Cuban War for Independence. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 




Enrique Collazo y Tejada 



COLLAZO 


475 


ENRIQUE COLLAZO 

Patriot: historian. 

Enrique Collazo was born in Santiago 
de Cuba on the twenty-eighth of May, 1844. 
At fourteen years of age he was sent to 
Spain and entered the Colegio of Segovia as 
| artillery cadet. He finished the course with 
the rank of Second Lieutenant (cadet) and 
later was made full Second Lieutenant, 
then Lieutenant. 

Two years later, in 1868. war broke out 
in Cuba and young Collazo renounced his 
military career in Spain, went to the 
Inked States and enlisted as a soldier in 
the Company "Riflers de la Libert ad'' 
under the command of Colonel Manuel 
Suarez. In May of 1869 he arrived in 
Cuba with the expedition of the Petit. 
In 1 87 1 he went to Jamaica with a revolu- 
tionary commission and in 1S75 returned 


■ 


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1 



476 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




to Cuba in the steamer Octavia as a mem- 
ber of the expedition under Pio Rosado. 
Thereafter he remained in the Revolution 
as Major in Camaguey until the signing of 
the Pact of Zanjon in 1878. 

He then went to Jamaica with General 
Maximo Gomez and together with Gomez 
and Marti signed on the 20th of January, 
1895 the order of revolt for the 24th of 
February of that year. The year follow- 
ing, in March, 1896, he disembarked in 
Veradero with an expedition carried by the 
steamer Three Friends. He commanded 
different brigades in the war and in 1897 
was designated Representative for Oriente 
to the Assembly of Yaya. 

Upon the formation of the Republic he 
was made Representative for the Province 
of Havana; at the close of his term of office 
he was designated Comptroller General of 
the Republic, which position he occupied 
several years as also that of voting member 
of the Junta de Protestas. 

He has published various works upon 
Cuban history : Desde Yara hast a el Zan- 
jon (1893); Episodios de la Guerra (1899); 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



COLLAZQ 


477 


(in collaboration with Alboro Cata), Cuba 
Independiente (1900); Los Americanos en 
Cuba (1905-06); Cuba Intercenida (1910); 
Cuba Her oka (191 2) and various pamphlets 
such as La Revolution de Agosto (1906). 




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Armando de Cordoba 



1 

DE CORDOVA 


479 


ARMANDO DE CORDOVA Y 
QUESADA 

Physician; specialist, 

Armando de Cordova y Quesada was 
born in Havana in 1880 and educated in 
the Institute and the University of Havana, 
obtaining from the latter the degree of 
Doctor of Medicine. 

He has served Hospital Number One as 
Chief of Laboratory and for five years was 
medical interne. He has been a voting 
member of the National Board of Health 
and Philanthropy and specialist in nervous 
diseases at the Quinta de Dependientes. 

As the result of competitions, Dr. Cor- 
dova has been assistant in Histology and 
Pathological Anatomy and has filled vari- 
ous other positions in the National Uni- 
versity, reaching in 1907 the one which he 
now holds (1919): that of Professor of 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I - 



480 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Nervous and Mental Diseases and head of 
the Clinic in the same department. He 
also is at the head of a Sanatorium for the 
treatment of the diseases in which he 
specializes. 

Dr. Cordova has contributed to Cuban 
Medical reviews numerous articles chiefly 
along the lines of Neurology and Psy- 
chiatry. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



CO RON ADO 


481 


FRANCISCO DE PAULA CORONADO 
Y ALVARO 

Historian; literary man; 
educator. 

Francisco de Paula Coroxada y 
Alvaro was born in Havana on the eighth 
of January, 1870, of distinguished ancestry 
on both sides. His father D. August in 
Coronado y Pilona claimed direct descent 
from the Coronado who was conqueror of 
Costa Rica and the Coronado who explored 
parts of North America in 1540. 

He entered when very young the Colegio 
"La Educacion, " and later attended u San 
Francisco," the "Real Colegio de San Fer- 
nando" and "Belen" where he followed 
the courses required for the Bachelorate. 
In Havana University he studied Civil and 
Administrative Law and also Philosophy, 
Letters, and Pedagogy. 




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I 



482 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




At seventeen he began to write for 
La Republica, a Havana daily paper, and 
to teach Spanish grammar and literature 
in the "Circulo de Trabajadores." 

From about 1887 he devoted himself 
definitely to literature, history, and teach- 
ing despite the traditional family profes- 
sion, Law, for which he studied but which 
he never practiced. 

From 1889 to 1895 his writing was in the 
line of literary criticism. Sometimes over 
his own name, sometimes using the pseu- 
donym Cesar de Madrid, he made constant 
contributions to various Havana dailies, 
to the reviews, La Habana Elegante, El 
Figaro, El Hogar, El Pitcher, Gil Bias and 
to some foreign periodicals as well. In 
the Figaro he maintained for several years 
a special column of wit and satire with the 
caption " Cosas " in which he signed himself 
variously as Don Panfilo, Panfllon or 
Panfilito. 

Upon the organization of the Cuban 
Revolutionary party in 1892, Coronado 
joined it and also was allied with the pa- 
triotic " junta" of Havana until 1896 when 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



CORONADO 


483 


he was forced to emigrate to escape the 
persecutions of the Spanish authorities. 
Settling in New York he allied himself 
with various revolutionary clubs and edited 
Patria, the official organ of the Revolu- 
tion in foreign parts. He collaborated 
also in El Porvenir, Cuba y America, and 
Cuba y Puerto Rico, all published in New 
York. In 1897, in association with En- 
rique Hernandes Meyares, he founded Ca- 
carajtcara but soon withdrew from it. 

In 1898, Coronado was free to return to 
educational and literary work which he has 
continued with a single interim of two 
years, 1902-4, when he was Secretary of the 
Cuban legation in Mexico. He has been 
member of the Havana Board of Education 

(1899) , school inspector for the ^Province 
of Havana (1900), member and secretary 
of the board of judges for the scholastic 
contests in the secondary schools of the 
Provinces of Matanzas and Santa Clara 

(1900) , Provincial Superintendent of the 
schools of Camaguey (1 900-1 902), Pro- 
vincial Superintendent of the schools of 
Havana (1 904-1 909), Secretary of the Na- 




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I 



4 8 4 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




tional Council of Librarians of Cuba (1910- 
1913), member of the board of judges in 
competitions for the chair of Pedagogy in 
the University of Havana (19 16). 

Coronado directed the first lay school in 
Cuba, that established by the Circulo de 
Trabaj adores in 1889; he first taught pa- 
triotic history in night classes for laborers ; 
he early gave courses of lectures upon na- 
tional history to the teachers of the Island. 
While connected with the Department of 
Public Instruction he codified and edited 
the first courses of study used in the ele- 
mentary schools, established examinations 
for teachers, and organized the system of 
common school inspection. 

He is a member of the following societies : 
Association of Painters and Sculptors; 
Cuban Theatrical Society; Fundacion Luz 
Caballero ; National Association of Revolu- 
tionary Emigres; Cuban Society of Inter- 
national Law; Ateneo of Havana (one of 
the Board of Governors); Academy of 
History of Cuba (Secretary). 

Leading periodicals of Latin America 
frequently publish poems from Coronado 's 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



C 0 R 0 N A D 0 


485 


pen under the pseudonyms "Marcelo 
Du Quesne" and "El Caballero de la 
Blanca Luna." He also has delivered 
many addresses of which the most notable 
are: Lnz Caballero (1908); Los Evangelios 
apocrifos (191 1); Villaespesa y la poesia es- 
panola contempordnea (191 2). 

He is author of pamphlets bearing the 
following titles: Frutos coloniales (Hav- 
ana, 1891); Primera campana (Havana, 
1892); En mis trece (Havana, 1893); De- 
bilidades femininas (Havana, 1894); Amor- 
ios, short stories (Havana, 1895); Sangre, 
short stories (Xew York, 1896); Apuntes 
para la vida de General Maceo (X. Y., 1897) ; 
Crimenes de Espana en Cuba (N. Y., 1898); 
Datos para una bio graft a del Gen, Calixto 
Garcia Iniguez (Havana, 1899); La toma 
de Cardenas en 18 jo (Havana, 1900); 
La ensenanza en Camagiiey, iqoo-iqoi 
(Havana, 1902); and Las Pediciones de 
Placido (Havana, 1909). 






A X D MONOGRAPHS 


I 



DELFIN 



487 



MANUEL DELFIN 

Physician; charity worker. 

Manuel Delfin y Zamora was born 
in Baracoa. Province of Oriente, Cuba, on 
the twenty-eighth of February, 1849, and 
began his education in the local public 
schools. Although in very modest circum- 
stances his family determined to give him 
educational advantages. Accordingly he 
was sent to school in Santiago and later to 
the Colegio de Belen in Havana where he 
took many prizes for scholarship. 

During these years, struggling with pov- 
erty, young Delfin tutored in private fam- 
ilies and even worked as a servant. He 
finally entered a private Colegio as pupil- 
teacher but unhappy conditions forced him 
to leave. Returning to Baracoa, he taught 
for two years in the public schools, then 
entered upon a pharmaceutical course in 
the University of Havana. 



HISPANIC NOTES I 



488 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Early in the seventies, Cuba being most 
dangerous for a youth who was not cir- 
cumspect in speech about governmental 
affairs, the family sent young Delfin to 
Spain to continue his education. From the 
Central University in Madrid he won the 
degree of Licentiate in Pharmacy, then 
gave himself to the study of medicine. At 
the conclusion of this course he returned to 
Cuba, making his home in Vuelta Abajo 
where he founded and managed a paper 
called El V eguero. Active in the Autono- 
mist party he became its unsuccessful can- 
didate for membership in the colonial 
congress. He became involved in some 
political difficulties and was imprisoned; 
liberated, he resumed his professional 
practice but later moved to Havana. 

In Havana, after many hardships, he 
became established as chemist in a medical 
and surgical laboratory. During this 
period he was a pioneer, in Cuba, of medico- 
legal investigations. He was Secretary to 
the Board of Philanthropies and for three 
years issued a review entitled La Higiene. 

He established dispensaries, said to have 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



DELFIN 


489 


been the first in Cuba, first in Matanzas 
and later in Santa Clara and Havana. 
During the enforcement of Gen. Weyler's 
re-concentration decree, he maintained 
dispensaries among the fugitives. 

Aroused to the necessities of the poor, 
especially women and children, he founded 
"La Casa del Pcbre," whose object was to 
care for the poor in their homes; later, 
about 1 915, he succeeded in inducing the 
public to institute "La Granja de Ninos 
Pobres " and house it satisfactorily. This 
asylum, directed by Dr. Delfin, cares for 
about a hundred poor children. 




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I 



HERNANDEZ 


49i 


MIGUEL ESPINOSA HERNANDEZ 

Miguel Espinosa Heenandez was 
born on the Canary Islands on the fourth 
of April, 1869. His father, Miguel B. 
Espinosa, was a well-known Cuban medical 
man and publicist. His early studies were 
pursued in the Santa Cruz Institute at 
Teneriffe. From there he proceeded to the 
University of Havana. As a young man 
he devoted himself to journalism and in 
politics affiliated himself with the Liberal 
and Autonomist party. In the year 1898, 
he was elected a deputy to the Spanish 
Cortes by the Autonomist party. From 
the foundation of the Conservative party 
he has acted as a zealous adherent promot- 
ing its principles in two newspapers, El 
Nuezo Pais, and Cuba. In 1908 he was 
elected Representative for the Province of 
Las Villas. In 191 1 he founded the 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



492 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Journal El Via of which he is now Manag- 
ing Editor. In 191 2 he was again elected 
Representative for Las Villas Province, and 
secured a further election in November, 
1916. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



D I H 1 G 0 


493 


JUAN MIGUEL DIHIGO 

Teacher; linguist. 

Juan Miguel Dihigo y Mestre was 
born in Havana on the eighth of May, 1866. 
He received his secondary education in the 
Colegio de "Belen, " a Jesuit school, where 
through his conduct and application he 
won many prizes. During these school 
days he was winner in a competition in the 
English Language in which the students of 
the several secondary schools of the city 
were included. Upon terminating his 
studies for the Bachelor ate in 1882 he 
entered the L T niversity of Havana and pur- 
sued simultaneously the courses in Phil- 
osophy and Letters and in Law, receiving 
the Licentiate in both departments in 
1884, the Doctorate of Philosophy and 
Letters in 1888, and that of Civil and 
Canon Law in 1898. 




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I 



494 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




In 1 89 1 he had begun serving as assistant 
in Greek, and soon after receiving his Doc- 
torate in Law he was given the chair of 
Greek in the University (1899), at the same 
time being Professor of the History of Peda- 
gogy. At present (19 19) he is serving the 
University as Professor, by competition, 
of Linguistics and Philology. In 1901 he 
was appointed Secretary of the Depart- 
ment of Science and Letters of whose 
official Review he became Director in 1914, 
this organ having been founded by the 
joint labors of Dr. Dihigo and Dr. Anstides 
Mestre. 

He founded in the University the Labora- 
tory of Experimental Phonetics which 
bears his name and, in association with 
Dr. Mestre, an annual series of University 
Extension lectures. Some of these lec- 
tures he has himself delivered, all on more 
or less popular subjects: " Influence of 
Analogy in Language"; " Roosevelt's In- 
fluence upon English Spelling " ; " The Bible 
from the Linguistic Point of View"; Popu- 
lar Speech in Literature " ; "How to Know a 
Country's History from its Money. " 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



D I H I G 0 


495 


He has rendered other diverse and dis- 
tinctive services to the University of 
Havana, including the editing of the Uni- 
versity Statutes, and the delivery of the ad- 
dress of welcome to Dr. Rafael Altamira, 
delegate from the Spanish University of 
Oviedo. 

Not only in the University Extension 
work has Dr. Dihigo contributed to the 
education of the masses. It was to him 
that was assigned the task of reorganizing 
and reforming the secondary schools of the 
Republic; he organized with Drs. Alfredo 
Zayas and Julio San Martin the first muni- 
cipal School Board of Havana and for 
many years worked with that group either 
as Secretary, President, or member, im- 
proving and systematizing the public 
schools of the city which he visited and 
studied personally; he was at times mem- 
ber of the examining board for teachers; 
chairman of a committee which studied 
the rural school-house question; lec- 
turer in summer Normal Institutes for 
teachers. 

The Teachers' Club of Havana, as an 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



496 


CUBAN vS OF TO-DAY 




expression of gratitude for Dr. Dihigo's 
efforts in behalf of primary education, pre- 
sented to the Board of Education his por- 
trait in oils to be hung in the Board rooms. 
In Public School No. 37 of the city there 
has been established, in recognition of their 
honored patron, the Republica Escolar Juan 
Miguel Dihigo. 

Although known in other lines of useful- 
ness it is chiefly as a linguist that Dr. 
Dihigo has gained his reputation. He has 
long been a student of the Indo-European 
tongues and of those of the Semitic group, 
especially Hebrew and Arabic. His lin- 
guistic works have been recognized by 
foreign laborers in the same field, by Man- 
oury, Regnaud, Lebegue, Cejador, Fay, 
Wheeler, Meyer Lubke, Boisacq, Lenz, 
Sayce, De Gregorio, Rozenvalle, Meillet. 
He is frequently consulted upon matters 
of doubt in relation to language. 

He is a member of the French Associa- 
tion for the encouragement of the study of 
Greek, of the Society of Linguists in Paris, 
of the Geographical Society of Mexico, of 
the Cuban Academy of History, and in 191 8 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



D I H I G 0 


497 


he was elected Corresponding Member of 
the Hispanic Society of America. 

Dr. Dihigo has many times been dele- 
gate to foreign congresses and celebrations: 
official representative of the University of 
Havana on the occasion of the third Cen- 
tenary of the University of Oviedo, Spain; 
official delegate from the University and 
from the Cuban Government to the first 
Centenary celebration in Mexico; official 
University and governmental delegate at 
the 1 6th Congress of Orientalists convened 
in Athens in 191 2 ; delegate at the Jubilee of 
trie National University of Greece in the 
same year. 

Although several times offered govern- 
mental appointments, Dr. Dihigo has not 
found their acceptance consistent with his 
many duties, but he did for a time act as 
member of the Havana City Council. 
During that term he corrected, by request 
of the Council, errors that had been noticed 
in the Latin inscription upon a stone tablet 
in the Templete. He is a member of the 
Literary Section of the Ateneo. 

In 1894 Dihigo came under the surveil- 




A N D MONOGRAPHS 


1 



49 8 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




lance of the Spanish Government and was 
prosecuted for his alleged unfriendliness. 
During the Revolution the following year, 
he was delegate in Havana of the " Oscar 
Primelles" Club of New York; member of 
the patriotic committee of "Alacranes"; 
delegate of the revolutionary committee of 
Matanzas with the pseudonym " Lincoln"; 
member of the patriotic Junta of Havana 
and secretary of its Section of Relief. 

For many years Dr. Dihigo has contri- 
buted to various periodicals and has pub- 
lished the following works: Paradigmas 
de verbos drabes (1891); Sinopsis de Granf- 
dtica Griega (Habana, 1894); Elogio del Dr. 
Nicolas Heredia y Mota (Habana, 1902); 
Jose Ignacio Rodriguez (Habana, 1907) ; Dis- 
curso de apertura del Cur so Escolar de igoj 
a igo8 (Habana, 1907); Las raices griegas 
(Habana, 1908); Regnaud y su obra (Ha-' 
bana, 1908); El profesor Graziadio I Ascoli 
(Habana, 1908); Roosevelt y la ortografia 
inglesa (Habana, 1909); La fonetica experi- 
mental en el Laboratorio de Rousselot (Ha- 
bana, 1909); Breal (Habana, 19 10); La 
fonetica experimental en la ciencia del len- 


I 

1 


HISPANIC NOTES 



D I H I G 0 



499 



guaje (Habana. 1911); Rufino J. Cuervo 
(Habana, 1911); L'enseignement de la lan- 
gue grecque a Cuba (Athenes, 1912); El 
Congreso de orientalist*! y el Jubilee de 
la Universidad de Grecia (Habana, 191 2); 
Elogio del Dr. Ramon Meza y Sudrez 
Incldn (Habana, 1912); Reparos etimoA 
logicos al Dieeionario de la lengua castellana; 
Voces derkadas del griego (Habana, 191 2); 
La Biblia desde el punto de z'isto lingiiistico 
(Habana, 1913); Las clases populares y la\ 
extension universiiaria (Habana, 19 14); El\ 
habla popular al traves de la Liter atura cu-\ 
ban a (Habana, 191 5); Rafael Maria Mer- 
ehdn (Habana, 1915^; Poey en su aspecto 
liter arw y lingiiistico (Habana, 19 15); La 
Universidad de la Habana (Habana. 191 5); 
El movimiento lingiiistico en Cuba (Ha-j 
bana. 1916) ; Hacia el inejo Oriente Habana, 
11917)' 



A X D MONOGRAPHS I 



DOLZ 



50i 



RICARDO DOLZ 

Lawyer; public man; 
sportsman. 

Ricardo Dolz Arango was born in 
the city of Pinar del Rio, Cuba, on the 
third ot January, 1861. After preliminary 
schooling in his native place he prepared for 
and received the degree of Bachelor from 
the Institute of Havana; he continued his 
studies in the University of Havana, ob- 
taining there the degrees of Licentiate and 
Doctor in Civil and Canonic Law. 

When a vacancy arose in the professor- 
ship of Trial Procedure he competed for 
and won the appointment, continuing as 
Catedratico-Proprietor. He has been close- 
ly allied with the Circulo de Abogados of 
Havana, being Secretary and President of 
the section of Procedure and one of the 
Board of Directors. This organization has 
recognized his preeminence and his valu- 



HISPANIC NOTES I 



502 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




able service by awarding him several 
medals including two of gold. He is a 
member of the Board of Governors of the 
Colegio de Abogados (Bar Association) 
and formerly was president of the A teneo. 

Dr. Dolz early entered political life, 
allying himself with the partisans of au- 
tonomy. His first public appearance in a 
political role was at the theater of Santa 
Clara during an unsuccessful candidacy 
for deputyship to the Cortes. He was sub- 
sequently elected to a similar position dur- 
ing the period of autonomy, but declined 
the office and emigrated to New York 
where he was secretary of the Cuban Re- 
volutionary committee of which Enrique 
Jose Varona was President. 

Since the establishement of the Island 
Republic, Dr. Dolz has been connected in 
official capacities with the Moderate, the 
Republican, and the Conservative parties in 
turn. He formerly represented the Province 
of Pinar del Rio and now represents Cama- 
guey in the Senate of which he is President. 

His legal writings, some of which have 
been adopted as textbooks in Spanish and 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



DOLZ 


503 


other universities, are as follows: Pre- 
scription de las acetones civil es; El cod i go 
civil y el Notariado; La seguridad social y 
la liberated individual; Las abintestatas y 
eljuicio ejecutivo; Proclama de derecko pro- 
cesal. He is author of an interpretation 
of a portion of the Cuban constitution 
known as the "Quorum Dolz" which has 
been sanctioned by the Supreme Court. 
In connection with his professional and 
public life he has contributed widely to 
periodicals and for a time was director of 
a newspaper, P atria. As president of the 
National Conservative party he was in 
charge of the party's campaign in which 
General Menocal was elected President. 

What time he can take from weightier 
matters, Dr. Dolz devotes to sports — to 
horses, of which he owns some fine 
thoroughbreds, to fencing, and to marks- 
manship. He was one of a trio of sports- 
men who introduced the first airplane, a 
Bleriot, into the Island, and continues his 
interest in aeronautics as Vice-president of 
the Aero-club of Cuba. He also is a mem- 
ber of the Union Club of Havana. 


1 


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. . 1 



SANCHEZ de fuentes 


505 


FERNANDO SANCHEZ DE FUENTES 

Orator; teacher; economist; 
writer. 

Fernando Sanchez de Fuentes was 
born in Havana on the twenty-second of 
December, 187 1, son of Eugenio Sanchez 
de Fuentes and Josefina Pelaez y Cardiff. 
With both his Bachelorate (Colegio La 
Gran Antilla, 1887) and his Licentiate 
(University of Havana, 1891) he received 
prizes for the highest scholarship. 

Upon attaining the degree of Doctor of 
Philosophy and Letters he was appointed 
Assistant Professor in that department of 
the University (1894) and was reappointed 
in 1 901. At about this latter date he took 
up the study of law and completed it with 
the doctor's degree in 1904. Soon after- 
wards he was successful in competitive 
examinations for a position in the Faculty 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



506 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




of Law of the same University where he 
now (191 9) is Titular Professor of Mercan- 
tile and Civil Law and Secretary of that 
faculty. 

Dr. Sanchez de Fuentes was a member of 
the delegation from Cuba at the Second 
Peace Conference at The Hague, and repre- 
sented the Law Faculty and the Cuban 
Society of International Law at the Second 
Scientific Congress at Washington; he was 
Envoy Extraordinary of the Republic of 
Cuba to the Mexican Centenary Celebra- 
tion, and assisted in preparing the exhibits 
for the Fourth Pan-American Conference. 

He is a member of the American Society 
of International Law, of the Institute 
Americano de Derecho International, of 
the International Council of the World's 
Court League, of the Academy of Political 
Science in the City of New York, and hon- 
orary member of the Bar Association of 
Lima, Peru. He has been decorated by the 
Venezuelan Government with the Cross 
of the Order of the Liberator. 

As Representative in the lower House of 
Congress he served upon the Committee 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



SANCHEZ DE FUENTES 


507 


of Foreign Relations and was Chairman of 
the Committee on Justice and Legal Codes ; 
he was member of the committee which 
formulated the existing currency system 
and of the joint committee which pre- 
pared the Law for Economic Defense. He 
gave final form to the law organizing the 
Diplomatic and Consular Service, as also 
to the Workman's Liability Law which, 
after having been presented ten years 
before, was finally perfected and passed 
under his sponsorship. 

Two other important parliamentary la- 
bors of Dr. Sanchez de Fuentes are the 
bill — the first he introduced — by which the 
National University received a consider- 
able appropriation for improvements, and 
one by which the Penal Code was reformed 
in conformity to modern standards. 

Upon the occasion of the tobacco crisis 
of 191 5-16, he was one of a special com- 
mission appointed by the House of Repre- 
sentatives to study the ' situation. The 
results of these investigations were col- 
lected and form the subject-matter of 
Ponencia, a volume whose editing was as- 




A N D M ONOGRAPHS 


I 



5 o8 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




signed to Sanchez de Fuentes. It contains 
studies upon the agricultural problems of 
the country, tariff and revenue reforms, 
partition of lands, the lowering of the cost 
of living, etc., also the text of a bill recom- 
mended by the committee providing for the 
establishment of Agricultural Credits. 

Dr. Sanchez de Fuentes' published writ- 
ings are: El Teatro moderno; Las Nuevas 
Tendencias del Derecho Civil; La Segunda 
Conferencia de la Paz de la Hay a; La Ley 
Orgdnica del Poder Judicial y las leyes pro- 
cesales; Por La Libertad y El Derecho, and 
various articles and addresses upon pro- 
fessional subjects. 


I 


HI vS PANIC NOTES 



Juan Gualberto Gomez 



G 6 M E Z 


509 


JUAN GUALBERTO GOMEZ 

Journalist; pvblic man. 

Juan Gualberto Gomez was born at 
the sugar plantation "El Vellocino, " 
Province of Matanzas, on the twelfth of 
July, 1854. From an early age he was 
active in the campaigns for the libeity of 
Cuba, writing on the subject for various 
papers. 

He later went to Paris and entered the 
Escuela Central de Ingenieros, but having 
to earn his living he went into newspaper 
work on the editorial staff of V Evtne- 
ment. Later he travelled as a teacher 
through the French Antilles and from there 
to Mexico; then, going to Havana, he 
went into the offices of La Discusion as 
editor. 

Subsequently he spent nearly ten years 
in Madrid, the first part of that time being 




AN D MONOGRAPHS 


I 



5io 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




secretary to Rafael M. de Labra. There 
he published his works: La Cuestion de. 
Cuba en 1884 (1885); La Isla de Puerto 
Rico (1891) ; Las Islas Carolinas y Harianas 
(1885). He directed in Madrid the dailies, 
El Pueblo and El Progreso and was editor of 
La Tribuna. He was an ardent advocate 
of the abolition of slavery and the better- 
ment of the negro race, with liberal inter- 
pretations of the abolitionist law of 1881. 
He was secretary of the abolitionist society 
of Madrid. 

He was afterwards connected with the 
War of Independence and his part in the 
insurrection ot Ibarra caused the Spanish 
Government to deport him to Ceuta in 1 89 7 . 

He has constantly taken an active part 
in political lite. He was secretary of the 
committee of Consultations which edited 
the existing organic law of the Cuban Re- 
public. He has been one of the editors of 
the daily paper La Lucha and at times has 
directed its policy. At present (19 19) he 
is a member of the national Senate. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



MENDOZA GUERRA 


5ii 


PEDRO MENDOZA GUERRA 

Teacher ; journalist; public 
man. 

Pedro Mendoza Guerra was born in 
Pamplona, Spain, in September, 1862. 
While very young his family migrated to 
Havana where he was educated in the 
Colegio de Belen, winning there the degree 
of Bachelor. He early became imbued 
with a desire to help his adopted country 
in her struggle for freedom, and the Third 
Corps of the Army of Liberation, in which 
he held the rank of Colonel, sent him as 
its representative to the assembly of la 
Yaya. 

In 1896 he was appointed Governor of 
Camaguey, and was for a time mayor of 
the City of Camaguey after the establish- 
ment of the Republic. In 1902 he was 
elected to represent that province in the 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



512 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




lower house of Congress where he was for 
a time Vice-president and presiding mem- 
ber of several committees. In 1907 he 
was made Inspector of Census for the 
Province of Havana. 

The Cuban Government has sent Colonel 
Mendoza upon, various foreign missions: 
to eastern Uruguay to adjust some na- 
tional affairs, to Santo Domingo as Min- 
ister, to Washington, and Seattle as 
delegate to international congresses. 

He has been allied with educational mat- 
ters of the country having occupied at one 
time the position of sub-secretary of Pub- 
lic Instruction and Fine Arts. He has 
been teacher of Latin, Spanish, and Uni- 
versal History in the Colegios "San Miguel 
Arcangel" and "Hernandez Mederos" 
(Havana) and Progreso (Cardenas). At 
a pedagogical congress at the National 
University he delivered an address upon 
the educational differences between El 
Nino Cubano y el Nino Americano. 

He is the author of Laz Razas (a study 
in comparative ethnology and sociology) 
thirty-nine chapters of which were pub- 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



MENDOZA GUERRA 


5i3 


lished in La Cuna de America; and also of 
Semblanzas de Politicos and Cancionero 
Heroico. 

Besides being a collaborator in numerous 
periodicals in various parts of the country, 
he established and directed La Revolution 
in Cienfuegos and Las Dos Republicas in 
Camagiiey; he was for a time director of 
El Partido Liberal in Havana. He is a 
member of the Academy of History of Cuba. 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



GUTIERREZ 


515 


GUSTAVO GUTIERREZ Y SANCHEZ 

Lawyer; teacher. 

Gustavo Gutierrez y Sanchez was 
born in Camajuani in the Province of 
Santa Clara, Cuba, on the twenty-second 
of September, 1895. His mother was a 
native of the same province, his father of 
Spanish birth. After some primary in- 
struction at home he was sent to the Colegio 
of Belen in Havana and later to St. Ann's 
Military Academy in New York where he 
acquired a knowledge of English. Return- 
ing to Cuba he received his secondary edu- 
cation in the Institute of Havana whence 
he entered the University where he was 
graduated as Doctor of Civil Law in 1916, 
and a year later attained the degree of 
Doctor of Public Law, in both cases receiv- 
ing the highest honors. 

Dr. Gutierrez acted in a secretarial 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



5*6 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




capacity with the First National Legal 
Congress of Cuba and with the Board of Di- 
rectors of the American Institute of Inter- 
national Law in session at Havana; through 
competitive examinations he has been made 
Assistant Professor of International Public 
Law in the University of Havana and, dur- 
ing the absence of the titular professor, 
Dr. Bustamente, at the Peace Congress in 
Paris (19 19), is the acting head of his 
department. 

Following is the list of scientific soci- 
eties of which he is a member: Colegio de 
Abogados de la Habana; Sociedad Cubana 
de Derecho Internacional (secretary since 
its foundation); American Academy of 
Political and Social Sciences; American 
Society of International Law; National 
Geographic Society; Organisation Centrale 
pour une paix durable de la Haye. 

As a public speaker he has dealt with 
such subjects as La Destruction de Polonia; 
La emancipation de Grecia; La nacionalidad 
en la fawJJia cubana ' Cltiba coyitpyvihoY anca 

Aside from various papers on historical 
and political subjects which, after appear- 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



GUTIERREZ 


517 


ing in Cw&a Contemp or tinea and other peri- 
odicals, have been collected and published 
in the Anual of the Sociedad de Derecho 
International, Dr. Gutierrez has published 
a volume upon La Neutralidad y la Belige- 
rancia de la Republica de Cuba durante la 
Guerra Actual, and in collaboration with 
Dr. Cesar Salaya a work (404 pp.) entitled 
Apuntes de Derecho International Publico. 
He has in preparation works upon La liga 
de las Naciones; El regimen nacionalista 
cubano; La obligation de nointervenir ; La 
situation international de Cuba and Apuntes 
de Derecho International Privado. 

* 

i 




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I 



I 



D A P E N A 


519 


ANTONIO MARIA VALDES DAPENA 

Physician; teacher. 

Antonio Maria Valdes Dapena was 
born in the village of Regla in the Province 
of Havana in 1879. He was educated in 
his native place and pursued secondary 
studies in the Institute of Havana, where 
he obtained the degree of Bachelor of Arts 
in 1895 and Doctor of Medicine in 1901. 
Since then he has held the following posi- 
tions: Assistant, after competition, in the 
Chair of'- Therapeuties and Pharmacy in 
the University of Havana; in 1908 Assist- 
ant head ad interim of the laboratory of 
Therapeutics and Pharmacy of the Uni- 
versity of Havana. In the same year, he 
was designated by the Titular professor 
to do the work of the Chair of Pharmacy. 
In October of the same year he was ap- 
pointed, after a competition, to be Assist- 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



520 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




ant Professorial head of the Laboratory of 
Therapeutics and Pharmacy. 

The following medical works have been 
published under his name: Fractura del 
crdneo con hundimienio de los fragmentos; 
Trepanation, 1901; Accion inhibitorio de la 
quimica en el protoplasma Vegetal, 1902; 
Antagonismo entre la estricnina y la quinina, 
1903. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



M A C H A- D O 


521 


GERARDO MACHADO Y MORALES 

Business man; official. 

Gerardo Machado y Morales was 
born in Santa Clara, Cuba, on the twenty- 
ninth of September, 187 1, and was educated 
in the same province, receiving the Bachel- 
or's degree in 1884. 

He then joined his father in agricultural 
pursuits and together they enlisted in the 
Revolutionary force organized by Casallas, 
young Machado receiving the rank of 
Second Lieutenant. He soon joined the 
guard of General Suarez and later, pro- 
moted to a captaincy, was assigned to the 
guard of Gen. Juan B. Zayas. At the close 
of the war he was in command of the Santa 
Clara brigade with the rank of Brigadier 
General. 

Upon the organization of the Rural 
Guard he was appointed Chief of the Dis- 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



522 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




trict of Santa Clara and Trinidad, but 
resigned shortly to go into the tobacco 
business, founding the firm Ramos, Ma- 
chado y Cia with which he remains as a 
silent partner. 

General Machado devotes himself chiefly 
to public activities. In the first popular 
elections he was chosen Mayor , of Santa 
Clara which office he occupied until the 
proclamation of the Republic. He was 
subsequently appointed to the command of 
the Twelfth Regiment but, desiring to 
throw himself into the campaign of the 
Liberal party for the election of General 
Jose Miguel Gomez, he severed his con- 
nection with the military. He attended to 
private business until his nomination for 
the governorship of Santa Clara Province 
in 1908. In December, 1909, he was ap- 
pointed secretary of the Provincial Gov- 
ernment and occupied that position for 
seventeen months. 

Under the presidency of Gen. Gomez, 
Gen. Machado was in command of the 
armed forces. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



PR A U MARSAL 523 



LORENZO FRAU MARSAL 

Journalist; author. 

Lorenzo Frau Marsal was born in 
Igualada, on the third of April, 1885. 
After a public school education he entered 
the University of Havana and pursued 
courses in philosophy and literature, then 
took up the study of law and obtained the 
degrees of Doctor of Civil and Public Law. 

He was appointed assistant director of 
the journal of the House of Representatives 
in 1910 and has devoted his time largely 
to journalistic work as editor or director 
of various periodicals including Pay-Pay, 
La Ilustracion, Graphic Press of Cuba; 
Biblioteca America; Diario de la Marina; 
La Opinion; and El Noticiero. The last 
two are daily papers of Liberal affiliation. 

His writings show much diversity of 
interest; they are: La Babel de Hierro 



AND MONOGRAPHS I 



524 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




(a study of the people of North America) ; 
Las Tierras Ocultas (spiritualistic investiga- 
tions and deductions) ; Hombres y Mujeres 
(a collection of short stories of Cuba); 
various dramatic writings including Lulu 
Cancan, La Traviesa Mimi, Miss Pagenta, 
Horas de New York, El Divorcio. 


1 


HISPANIC NOTES 



FERNANDEZ MASCARO 


525 


GUILLERMO FERNANDEZ 
MASCARO 

Physician; educator; public man. 

Guillermo Fernandez Mascaro was 
born in Puerto Rico in 1872 of cultured and 
well-to-do parents, his father being a writer 
of some note. His academic education in 
San Juan de Puerto Rico was followed by 
scientific study in the University of Havana 
where he obtained the degree of Licen- 
tiate in Physico-Chemical Science in 1892. 
As a student in the School of Medicine and 
Surgery of the same University he was 
winner in many competitions and was 
graduated with the highest honors in 1895, 
receiving the degree of Doctor of Medicine 
and Surgery. 

Although of foreign birth, Mascaro, dur- 
ing his student days became one of the 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 

1 



5 26 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




leaders and spokesmen of the anti-Spanish 
movement, and the moment he was free 
from the University he hastened to join 
the Army of Liberation of Cuba. Being 
appointed to the sanitary service, he at- 
tained the rank of Colonel and continued 
active until the close of the Spanish-Amer- 
ican war. 

After a short period devoted partially 
to private practice of his profession and 
partially to the duties of public and hos- 
pital physician, Dr. Mascaro turned his 
attention largely to educational work. 
Upon appointment of Governor General 
Wood in 1900, he took charge of the reor- 
ganization of the Provincial Institute of 
Santiago where he served also as professor 
of physics and chemistry. He has con- 
tinued his connection with this school, 
being reconfirmed as director, and has con- 
tributed to the cause of education many 
scholarly articles of which the following 
may be cited : Resumen de los progresos mas 
recientes en las ciencias fisico-biologicas; 
Ideas dominantes en el actual desenvolvimi- 
ento de la segunda ensenanza; Education 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



FERNANDEZ MA SCAR 0 


527 


ftsica; Necesidad de una education national 
y patriotica para la juventud cubana; Vul- 
garization de las ciencias y las letras como 
medio de education popular; La education 
en sus aspect os arttstico, filosofico, civic o y 
moral; Relaciones entre la education religi- 
osa y moral. 

Closely connected with Dr. Mascara's 
labors for general education and for public 
health has been his political activity; he 
was one of the founders of the Republican 
party which has twice elected him to the 
National House of Representatives and in 
191 7 to the governorship of the Province 
of Oriente. 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 




Carlos Mendieta 



MENDIETA 


529 


CARLOS MENDIETA 

Journalist; soldier; public 
man. 

Carlos Mendieta was born on the 
fourth of November, 1873, at La Matilde, 
the sugar plantation of his family, in the 
vicinity of San Antonio de las Vueltas, Prov- 
ince of Santa Clara, Cuba. His education 
was begun with private tutors in his home 
but was continued in the Colegios "Belen" 
and "El Mesias" in Havana and in the 
Institute of Santa Clara. From the last 
named school he received the Bachelor's 
degree in 1895, then entered the University 
of Havana to prepare for the medical pro- 
fession. 

Early in January, 1896, he abandoned 

lllo 0LCIUJ.C0 ctllvj. WClll \j\J Ictlllliy oLlgctl 

plantation "Central America" situated in 
San Diego de Nunez, Province of Pinar del 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



530 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Rio, there to throw himself into the Revo- 
lutionary movement. From his own 
allowance he armed and equipped a com- 
pany of one hundred and twenty -five men 
with whom he joined the Army of Libera- 
tion. Before the close of the War of Inde- 
pendence he had attained the rank of 
Colonel. Upon the formation of the Rural 
Guard during the first American Interven- 
tion he was made Captain but resigned the 
post to continue his medical studies in the 
University of Havana. Here he was grad- 
uated in 1 90 1 with the degree of Doctor of 
Medicine. 

In December, following his graduation, 
he was elected Representative from the 
Province of Santa Clara for the first and 
second congressional periods. During the 
Provisional Government he occupied the 
position of Inspector of Health of the 
Republic. In 190S he was again elected to 
represent the Province of Santa Clara in 
the lower House of Congress for four years, 

onn nrnc t*<=»f"i 1 fn f*c\ in t<~» t o for* fp»iif 

dllU. Wdo L tLLH lICU 111 1L/1^ LKJL LKJIXL y Cal o 

more. 

Meanwhile, in 191 1, he was elected by a 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



MEN DI ETA 


53i 


parliamentary majority of his party to the 
presidency of the Commission of Agricul- 
ture, Industry, and Commerce, and two 
years later, by the same majority, he was 
made President of the Commission of Legal 
Acts, Authorization, Procedures, etc. 

In 191 6 he was the nominee for National 
Vice-president of the Liberal party of which 
he is a prominent member. He is now 
(iqiq) Director of the Heraldo de Cuba. 




AND MONOGRAPHS I 



C A L V 0 


533 


PEDRO CALVO Y CASTELLANOS 

Dental surgeon; writer. 

Pedro Calvo y Castellanos was born 
in Guines, Cuba, in 1859. He received his 
early education in Havana then studied 
some years in the United States. He 
holds the degrees of Doctor of Medicine 
and Doctor of Dental Surgery from the 
Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery 
and the University of Philadelphia; also 
the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery 
from the Universities of Mexico and 
Havana. 

He has been one of the leaders in the 
dental profession in his native country; 
was active in the organization of the Dental 
Society in Havana of which he became 
president, as well as associate editor of its 
official organ Anales de la Sociedad Odon- 
tologica; he was founder and director of 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



534 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




the Dental College of Havana and has 
been closely connected with the dental 
department of the University of Havana 
both as member of the Board of Examiners 
and as professor, by competition, of Pro- 
tesis Dental e Histologia Anormal de la 
Boca. 

His extensive writings on scientific sub- 
jects in French, English, and Spanish have 
won him honorary membership in the 
Dental Societies of France and Spain. 
Besides numerous shorter articles his pub- 
lished works are: Lecciones de Pr diesis; 
Metalurgia aplicada a la Protesis Dental; 
Histologia de la Boca (a translation). 


\ I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



BARRAQUE 535 


JESUS MARIA BARRAQUE Y ADUE 

Lawyer; cabinet member. 

Jesus Maria Barraque y Adue was 
born on the twenty-eighth of December, 
1868, at Havana. His early and secondary 
education were received in the Provincial 
Schools of Guanabacoa, after which he 
entered upon the legal course in the Uni- 
versity of Havana. He was graduated as 
Licentiate in Civil and Canon Law on 
the twenty-first of June, 1880, his special 
preparation having been as advocate. 

After many years devoted to the private 
practice of his profession he was chosen in 
191 1 to the important position of Secre- 
tary or Justice or the Republic ot Cuba, 
one of the departments of the President's 
Cabinet. He was dean of the Colegio de 
Abogados of Havana in 1:913. 




A N D MONOGRAPHS 


I 



\ 



M E S T R E 


537 


ARISTIDES MESTRE 

Man of science; teacher; 
author. 

Aristides Mestre y Hevia was born in 
Havana, on the twenty-eighth of November, 
1865, his parents being Dr. Antonio Mestre 
y Dominguez, one of Cuba's most eminent 
sons, scientist and man of letters, and 
Dolores Hevia y Romay. He obtained the 
degree of Bachelor at the Jesuit Colegio de 
Belen in 1880. He won the highest honors 
in his class on that occasion and also at the 
granting of the Licentiate in Medicine 
(1886), the Licentiate in Physico-Chemical 
Science (1886), the Licentiate in Natural 
Sciences (1887), and the Doctorate in 
Medicine (1895) from the University of 
Havana. 

During his student days, young Mestre 
had been much under the influence and 
inspiration of Dr. Felipe Poey, the eminent 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



538 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




naturalist who then headed the faculty of 
sciences in the University. On Dr. Poey's 
recommendation he was appointed by royal 
order in 1888 to an adjunct professorship 
in natural science, a position which he re- 
signed in 1895. Upon the death of Poey 
in 1 89 1 his professorship, zoology of verte- 
brates, also was given to Mestre. 

In 1895, Dr. Mestre started on his first 
trip abroad for scientific study. He spent 
some time in New York and Toronto and 
matriculated in the University of Pennsyl- 
vania. Then, sojourning in Mexico, he 
divided his time between medical work and 
revolutionary propaganda. The govern- 
ment of the State of Monterey put him in 
charge of a lazaretto established to com- 
bat the yellow fever epidemic. Already he 
had begun specializing in nervous diseases 
and he now was entrusted with that depart- 
ment in the Monterey hospital. 

The War for Independence won, Dr. 
Mestre in 1898 set out for Europe by way 
of the United States and spent some months 
in Paris attending the famous clinics up- 
on mental and nervous disorders, Bicetre, 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



MESTRE 



539 



Salpetriere, Santa Ana, etc., as well as 
studying institutions devoted to the care 
of abnormal children, following summer 
courses in natural history, and taking; 
lessons in anthropology. Returning to 
Xew York he continued the same lines of 
study at the Vanderbilt Polyclinic, at 
hospitals, and the Museum of Natural 
History. At the end of 1S99 he reached 
Havana. 

In conformity with the order of the 
American Provisional Governor, he gave in 
1 900-1 904 free courses in anthropology 
and in nervous and mental diseases at the 
National Museum, with related laboratory 
practice. During the same years he de- 
livered many addresses in hospitals, in 
the Normal School, the Summer School, 
and the Institute for Secondary Education. 

As the result of competition in 1904, Dr. 
Mestre was named Assistant Professor of 
the School of Sciences with the additional 
duties of Curator of the Poey Museum, 
which positions he continues to occupy 
(1919). To his efforts is due the erection 
of the Hall of Natural Sciences and the 



AND MONOGRAPHS I 



54° 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Biological Laboratory. He has substituted 
for Dr. Dihigo, Secretary of the Faculty of 
Letters and Sciences, and has collaborated 
with him in founding the Review, organ 
of that faculty (1905), and in editing a 
biography of Dr. Jose Manuel Mestre by 
Dr. Jose Ignacio Rodriguez which has 
important bearing on Cuban political 
evolution. 

In 1909 he represented his University at 
the Inaugural of President -Lowell of Har- 
vard and in 19 14 received leave to visit the 
maritime biological museums of Europe. 
This trip was interrupted by the outbreak 
of the European war and he hastened home. 

Mestre 's first appearance in print was 
with a translation of a French article on 
Hygiene in 1883. Since then, aside from 
the Doctor's theses and an incalculable 
number of articles in newspapers, the 
medical journals of Cuba have published, 
and foreign journals have to an extent cited 
or reproduced, the following articles: Ten- 
dencias a que obedece la Higiene actual 
(1886); Hipnotismo. Irresponsabilidad de 
los ados que se sugieren y realizan durante 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



MESTRE 


54i 


ese est ado (1886); La politico, moderna y la 
ciencia antropologica. El problema de la 
colonization (1887); I Debenlos anfibios con- 
stituir un or den entre ios reptiles, 0 bien una 
clase intermediaria entre los reptiles y los 
peces? (1887); Elogio del Sr. Felipe Poey 
(1891); De las relaciones entre los diversos 
estados patologicos, consideradas en la serie 
ancestral y hereditaria (1893); La Antro- 
pologia en Cuba (1894); Primera observacion 
de acromegalia recogida en Cuba (1895); 
La ensenanza de las ciencias Naturales en 
Parts (1899); La ensenanza de la Antro- 
pologia en Parts (1900); Sobre la creacion 
de un departamento para la education 
medica de los nifios defectuosos en sus facul- 
tades intelectuales y morales (1902); Osteo- 
artropatta hipertrofiante pneumica (1902); 
Epilepsia progresiva (1903); Informe sobre 
el estado mental de una procesada (1903); 
Elogio del Dr. Jose I. Torralbas (1904); La 
Biologta v el pro grama de su ensenanza 

(1905) ; Las inteligencias andmalas y el 
problema de su educacion (1905); La imita- 
cion como factor de dejensa en el reino animal 

(1906) ; Los nidos de las woes y su filosofia 




AND MONOGRAPHS I 

1 



542 


CUBAN vS OF TO-DAY 




(1907); El Profesor Dr. Luis Montane 
(1907) ; La inauguration del nuevo Presidente 
de Harvard (1910); El naturalista Cuvier y 
sus paradojcs cienttficas. Homenaje al 
Dr. La Torre (1912); Alfred Russel Wallace 
en la historia de lafilosofla biologica (1914); 
Las Ciencias Zoologicas en nuestra Uni- 
versidad (191 5); y las Leyes de la herencia y 
la Biologia aplicada (19 18). 

Dr. Mestre has also written a textbook 
of Biology (editions of 19 10 and 191 7) and 
has occupied the following posts: Secre- 
tary of the Sociedad Antropologica de 
Cuba (1886-1889); Member of the So- 
ciedad de Estudios CHnicos (1888) and of 
the Sociedad Economica de Amigos del Pais 
(1888); Vice Secretary of the Centro en- 
cargado de la Constitucion del Museo 
Biblioteca Ultramarino (1888); Secretary 
of the Seccion de Ciencias de la Caridad del 
Cerro (1888) ; visiting physician of the Hos- 
pital Mercedes (1892) ; member of the Aca- 
demia de Ciencias de La Habana (1892), 
Professor of Fisiologia Humana in the Es- 
cuela Preparatoria de Medicina (1894) ; etc. 

f^ViiPr pHi"f"OT* of i"Vip T%/~>1 piiM C*l I'M i rn Api T-ffis- 

V_^111CL CU.JLUVJL \JL L11C UUuCI/l/rl> \sl/l/fl/l/VU U/Ct/ l±Uo 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



\ 



MESTRE 


543 


pital Number One (1903) and of the Archivos 
de Medicina Mental (19 10); Secretary of 
the Seccion de Enfermedades Nerviosas y 
Mentales del Tercer Congreso Pan Ameri- 
cano (1901) and of the Sociedad de Psi- 
quiatria y Neuropatologia (191 1); member 
of the Septimo Congreso Internacional de 
Zoologia (1907); charter member of the 
Sociedad de Medicina Tropical (1908); 
Charter member of the Sociedad Cubana 
de Historia Natural Felipe Poey (19 13) of 
which he is at present Secretary General; 
Director of the Seccion de Biologia and 
chief editor of the Memories, its official 
organ; member of the American Genetic 
Association, of Washington (191 8). 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



MIRO 


545 


JOSE MIRO Y ARGENTER 

Soldier; journalist. 

Jose Miro y Argenter was born near 
Barcelona on the fifth of March, 1857. 
He continued his education as far as 
fulfilling the requirements for the degree 
of Bachelor of Arts. 

During the War for Independence, he 
was Chief of Staff of Lieutenant General 
Antonio Maceo and himself reached the 
rank of General. The archives of the 
Army of Liberation were consigned to his 
keeping. 

Following his military career he took an 
active interest in journalism. He founded 
and directed in Holguin La Doctrina, in 
Manzanillo El Liberal and La Democracia, 
and in Havana, Vida Militar. He con- 
tributes to various periodicals and is the 
author of the following pamphlets: La 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 

1 



546 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




invasion de Occidente (published by the 
Cuban delegation in N. Y. C, 1896); 
Mnerte de General Maceo (Key West, 1897) ; 
Apuntes de la vida de Antonio Maceo Gra- 
jales (credited at the end to Vera Cruz 
print, but in reality published by The 
Revolutionary Press in Camagiiey, 1897); 
Cronicas de la Guerra (Havana, 1909); 
Salvador Roca (Havana, 19 10). 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



RIVERO 



MANUEL RIVERO Y GANDARA 

Agriculturist; public man. 

Manuel Rivero y Gaxdara was born 
in the city of Cienfuegos, Province of 
Santa Clara, Cuba, on the third day of 
January, 1874. He received his primary j 
schooling in the Colegio li San Carlos'" and 
prepared for the Bachelor ate in the Colegio 
of "Monserrat/' Cienfuegos, and the In- 
stitute of Secondary Education in Santa 
Clara, the degree being granted him in the 
latter school in the year 1890. 

He pursued in the University of Deusto 
(Bilbao, Spain) the studies preparatory to 
entrance in the famous Polytechnic School 
of [Madrid in which institution, as well as 
the special School of Roads, Canals, and 
Ports, he was a student. 

Since his return to Cuba he has devoted 
himself to agriculture and to public life. 



AND MONOGRAPHS 



54* 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




He was elected in 1908 to represent the 
Province of Santa Clara in the lower house 
of Congress, and was reelected in 19 10 and 
1914. In 1916 he was elected Senator 
from Santa Clara for a term of eight years. 
In both houses of Congress he has served 
as President of the Committee on Tariffs 
and Imposts. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



MONTALVO 


549 


RAFAEL MONTALVO 

Business man; soldier; 
public man. 

Rafael Montalvo was born in Havana 
in 1875 and attended the Colegio Casado 
until attaining the Bachelor ate. He then 
entered the University of Havana to study 
pharmacy, but the War of Independence 
cut short his studies. 

Soon after the outbreak of the Revolu- 
tion he joined the forces of General Jose 
Maceo under whom he fought until he was 
made Aide to General Antonio Maceo, with 
whom he served during a portion of the 
campaign. He then was transferred to 
the orders of General Calixto Garcia taking 
part in the famous combat of Victoria de 
las Tunas. He was promoted to be Chief 
of the Regiment Carlos M. de Cespedes 
with which he fought near Bayamo; later, 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



550 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




to be Chief of a Regiment in Manzanillo; 
and finally to be Chief of a flying column, 
under the orders of General Calixto Garcia, 
with which he took part in the attack on 
Santiago de Cuba. His conduct on this 
occasion won him the rank of Brigadier. 

Under the First Intervention of the 
United States he was Chief of the Presidio, 
which position he held until the designation 
of Sr. Estrada Palma for the Presidency of 
the Republic. Under this administration 
he served as Secretary of Public Works and 
Agriculture. 

He later retired from public life to attend 
to personal business and to develop, with 
his company, the sugar property " Habana." 
He has since returned to active politics, 
and is one of the prominent members of 
the Conservative party. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



PAS A LO DOS 


55i 


DAMASO PASALODOS 

Lawyer; public man. 

Damaso Pasalodos was born in Cien- 
fuegos in the Province of Santa Clara, 
Cuba, on the first of June, 1872. He re- 
ceived his early education at the Jesuit 
Colegio, "Xuestra Senora de Monserrate," 
reaching the grade of Bachelor, then passed 
to the University of Havana to undertake 
the study of law; here he was graduated in 
1892 with the degree of Licentiate. 

He immediately entered public lite and 
occupied various elective and appointive 
offices : 

Under the Spanish dominion, — Commis- 
sioner of the " Fiscal" of His Majesty 
for the Audiencia Territorial of Cien- 
fuegos; Managing Secretary of the Board 
of Charities of the Province of Santa Clara; 
Register of Properties for Cienfuegos, 




AND MONOGRAPHS I 



552 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




During the first American Intervention, 
— Secretary of the Mayoralty of Cien- 
fuegos; member of the Cienfuegos City 
Council; sub-director of the Registry and 
Notary. 

Under the first Republic, — Register of 
Properties for the city of Trinidad during 
two periods covering several years; Regis- 
trar for Bejucal, near Havana, to which city 
he was transferred upon his own solicitation. 

After the reconstruction of the Republic, 
— Director of the Registry and Notary 
for five months — during the Presidency of 
General Gomez — then called by the na- 
tional government to become Secretary to 
the President, which position he occupied 
two and a half years. Upon the creation 
of the Registry of Properties del Oriente 
de la Habana he was designated as its chief 
and so remained until 191 7, at the same 
time attending to private law practice in 
Cienfuegos as well as in Bejucal, Trinidad, 
and Havana. 

Pasalodos* first political affiliation was 
with the Reformista party of Duquesne, 
Amblard, Conde de la Mortera, etc. He 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



PASALODOS 


553 


was Secretary of this group in Cienfuegos 
until it was merged with the Autonomists. 
With the political readjustment that ac- 
companied American Intervention, he was 
instrumental in the formation of the Re- 
publican party in company with Aleman, 
Monteagudo, Machado, and the afterwards 
President Jose Miguel Gomez. 

Beside contributing to various news- 
papers, including the Diario de la Marina 
and El Triunfo, he has written a number 
of pamphlets of an administrative order 
and in his official capacity the presidential 
reports. 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



P E R E D A 


555 


JOSE PEREDA 

Physician and surgeon. 

Jose Pereda y Galvez was born on 
the twenty-sixth of January, 1872, in Con- 
solacion del Sur, Province of Pinar del 
Rio, whence after having fulfilled the re- 
quirements of the Bachelorate he moved to 
Havana and matriculated in the Medical 
Department of the National University. 

His special leaning was toward anatomy 
and surgery to which he devoted his entire 
time as student and instructor. 

In 1894, he received the title Doctor of 
Medicine and immediately began in Ha- 
vana the practice of the profession and also 
the institution of the "Escuela Libre de 
Medicina," a private medical school into 
whose teaching force he drew some of 
Cuba's most prominent physicians. 

At the outbreak of the War for Inde- 


• 


HISPANIC NOTES I 



556 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 


• 


pendence in 1895, he offered his professional 
services to the Army of Liberation, but 
being without private means of support for 
his family he was permitted to serve in the 
vicinity of Havana and to devote a portion 
of his time to personal affairs. The war 
terminated, he returned to his surgical 
practice in the several hospitals of the 
city and in the " Quinta del Rey. " 

In 1906 he founded his clinic "San 
Rafael." Throughout the Revolution 
which broke out the same year, he gave his 
services in city and country and used his 
clinic as an army hospital. He had in 
his care the Commander-in-Chief, General 
Maximo Gomez and, refusing to accept 
any emolument for that service, the City 
Council of Havana proclaimed* him an 
" adopted son of that city and capital." 

In 1908 the Liberal party elected him to 
represent the Province of Havana in the 
lower house of Congress where he was 
placed at the head of the Committee of 
Health and Philanthropy; but he resigned 
to accept President Gomez's appointment 
as Surgeon General of the army with the 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



P E R E D A 



557 



rank of Lieutenant Colonel. This posi- 
tion he held until August, 19 13. 

In 1 9 13 under a commission from the 
Government he left Cuba upon an ex- 
tended tour of inspection and observation 
among the leading hospitals of America 
and Europe. 

At various sessions of the Pan-American 
Medical Congress, Dr. Peredahas presented 
addresses upon the following subjects :Cinco 
casos de resection 0 sea en el crdneo; Con- 
solidation viciosa en una fractura del femur; 
Talla hipogdsirica par cuerpo extrano; Un 
caso exceptional de uretrotomta externa. 

He is author of pamphlets as follows: 
Anastomosis de las arterias del cerebro 
(1892); Las localizations cerebrales y la 
trepanation; Modal id ades de la artritis 
blenorrdgica (1896); Contribution al estudio 
del peritoneo tuberculosa (1906); Ictero 
apendicular; Diversas etiologias (1906); 
Estudio comparativo entre la seda y el catgut, 
para ligaduras en las operaciones abdominales 
(1908); La apendicitis y el ovario esclero- 
quistico derecho (1909); Un caso de tubercu- 
losis genital ( 1 9 1 1 ) ; Hojas din teas (1912). 



AND MONOGRAPHS 



/ 



PONG E T 


559 


CAROLINA PONCET Y DE 
CARDENAS 

Author; teacher. 

Carolina Poncet y de Cardenas was 
born in the village of Guanabacoa in the 
outskirts of Havana and belongs to an 
ancient and distinguished Cuban family, 
her uncle being the well-known literary 
man Jose M. de Cardenas y Rodriguez. 
After finishing her elementary studies she 
pursued courses in the normal school for 
school teachers in Havana and secured the 
degree of Mistress of Elementary and Su- 
perior Primary Education. As her family 
was ruined economically during the War of 
Independence, she was obliged to put her 
pedagogical training into practice at an early 
age. She took part in the reorganization 
in Cuba of primary education, becoming 
head-mistress of a public school in Havana. 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



560 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




She has held the position of teacher in the 
vocational school and often lectured in the 
summer normal schools in the Cuban capi- 
tal. In 1 910 she won the first prize in the 
Province of Havana at an official competi- 
tion open to public school teachers. After 
she had followed advanced studies in the 
University of Havana for several years, she 
received the degree of Doctor of Pedagogy, 
1909, and Doctor of Philosophy and Letters 
in 1 9 13. In 191 5, when the new normal 
schools of the republic were founded, she 
obtained after competition in Havana the 
chair of grammar, composition, elocution, 
Spanish and Cuban literature in the normal 
school, a position which she now occupies, 
having been at the same time the first 
superintendent of this school. She has 
published a monograph, El Romance en 
Cuba, which obtained the prize in the liter- 
ary competition of the National Academy of 
Arts and Letters in 19 13, and also an edu- 
cational book, Lecciones de Lenguaje, which 
was rewarded with an especial silver medal 
at the St. Louis Exposition and adopted as 
a textbook in the public schools of Cuba. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



P 0 N C E T 


561 


She has prepared for publication a 
biography of Joaquin Lorenzo Luaces, a 
critical study of his works, which was 
rewarded with a prize at a competition 
held under the auspices of the Bar Asso- 
ciation (Colegio de Abogados) in Havana 
in 1910. 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



R E C I 0 


5^3 


ENRIQUE RECIO Y AGUERO 

Soldier; surveyor; public man. 

Enrique Recio y Aguero was born on 
the twenty-second of March, 1877, in 
Callao, Peru. His parents were Cubans 
and in the early childhood of the boy re- 
turned to their native island where he re- 
ceived his early education, obtaining the 
degree of Bachelor in Camaguey in 1894. 

Upon the outbreak of the War for In- 
dependence in 1895, at that time a student 
in the University of Havana, he followed 
the example of his father and joined the 
Army of Liberation as soldier in the Fourth 
Cavalry troop "Agramonte." Wounded 
in the first attack on Cascorro, he was pro- 
moted to a second-lieutenancy. In the 
course of the war, he suffered several sub- 
sequent wounds one of which left his right 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



564 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




arm useless. He was repeatedly promoted 
until, in the battle of El Infierno fighting 
with "Los Chincherones," the rank of 
Major was conferred upon him. 

At the termination ot the war he as- 
sisted in the organization of the Rural 
Guard of which he became an official. He 
qualified as Public Surveyor and practiced 
that profession for several years in Cama- 
gtiey. 

In 1912, he was elected to the lower 
house of Congress where he continued to 
represent the Province of Camaguey until 
191 7, a part of the time being second Vice- 
president of the body. 

He has been for some time President of 
the Liberal party in his province. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



GARCIA MO N 


565 


RAMON GARCIA MON 

Physician. 

Ramon Garcia Mon was born in Vivero. 
Spain, in 1868, and moved to Cuba in 1881. 
He received his education in Cuba, ful- 
filling the requirements for the degree of 
Bachelor. He devoted himself to the study 
of sciences, obtaining the Doctorate in 1892 
and a year later was graduated as Doctor 
of Medicine. Soon thereafter he was 
named Professor of the Institute of Santa 
Clara, but resigned that he might practice 
his profession. 

He was appointed assistant secretary 
of the Colcgio Medico of Cuba and member 
of the Society for Clinical Research of 
Havana. In 1914 he was offered the posi- 
tion of Director of the "Purisima Concep- 
cion, v the sanatorium of the Association 
of Commercial Assistants. He also is the 
physician of the Spanish Legation, and 
"Caballero" of the Royal and Dis- 
tinguished Spanish Order of Carlos III. 




AND MONOGRAPHS I 



C - p. J (\^ya l (^ 



R 0 I G 


567 


EMILIO ROIG DE LEUCHSENRING 

Lawyer; writer. 

Emilio Roig de Leuchsenring was born 
on the twenty-third of August, 1889, in 
Havana where he pursued his studies first 
of all in the Jesuit College of Belen and 
then at the University of Havana, where he 
graduated in law (1916), a profession which 
he now pursues along with that of journal- 
ist and writer. He was corresponding 
secretary of the first National Law Con- 
gress held at Havana in 19 16 and edited 
the publication of the proceedings of this 
congress. At the present time he is corre- 
sponding secretary of the codification com- 
mittee named by the above congress to 
prepare a new paragraphed edition of the 
civil code. From 1908 to 19 10 he was 
editor of the Revista de Derecho. He is 
head of the editorial staff of the Grdfico 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



5 68 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 


j 


magazine and also of the Social and one of 
the editors of El Figaro and the Revista 
Juridica. In the field of letters he cul- 
tivates especially descriptions of social 
customs also satirical and humorous writ- 
ing, and has published in this vein numer- 
ous essays under the titles of Rasgos y 
Rasgunos, 19 14, Personajes y Personillas, 
1 9 1 6 . Along with these may be mentioned 
his Recuerdos de Antano, a collection of Cu- 
ban folk-lore. In addition to this he has 
published the following monographs: La 
Literatura cubana de costumbres, 1903; El 
costumbrista Jose Maria de Cardenas y Ro- 
driguez, 1914; La reforma del Codigo Civil 
y el Primer Congreso Juridico Nacional, 
1 91 6; Contratos de. Comer cio no existentes 
en el Derecho Mercantil positivo vigente en 
Cuba , 1916; La intervencion nor learner icana 
en Santo Domingo y el Derecho de las pe- 
quenas nacionalidades , 1919. He is a mem- 
ber of the Cuban Society of International 
Law. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



D E R 0 J A S 


569 


ALBERTO DE ROJAS Y CRUZAT 

Business man; patriot; 
official. 

Alberto de Rojas y Cruzat was born 
in Cardenas, Cuba, on the second of April, 
1868. He fulfilled the requirements for 
the degree of Bachelor at the Colegio "La 
Gran Antilla" in Havana, then entered 
the law department of the University in 
that city where he remained until, at the 
end of the third year, he was called to take 
charge of his father's sugar plantation near 
his native town. 

Throughout the War for Cuban Inde- 
pendence he was representative of the 
Revolutionaries in Cardenas, where he was 
arrested and imprisoned and his sugar 
properties destroyed. Shortly after General 
Blanco succeeded Weyler, Rojas was freed. 

During the American Intervention he 
belonged to the City Council of Cardenas 




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I 



570 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




and for a time was acting mayor as sub- 
stitute for his brother the titular Alcalde. 
Subsequent to this period he devoted him- 
self to private business until his election in 
1908 to the mayoralty of Cardenas in 
which office he served four years. Sr. 
Rojas belonged to the early Moderate 
party and followed it when it merged into 
the Conservative party. 

« 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



SAAVEDRA 


57i 


FRANCISCO CABRERA SAAVEDRA 

Physician; public man. 

♦Francisco Cabrera Saavedra was born 
in the Canary Islands in 1850. While very 
young he moved to Cuba where his parents' 
circumstances were such that they could 
afford for him only the most elementary 
education. 

Seeing in him a promising student, the 
Council of Caibarien, where he lived, 
granted him a pension to enable him to 
study in the Normal School of Guanaba- 
coa. Here he received the title Teacher 
in 1868. 

He then went to the United States and 
later to Santa Cruz de la Palma where in 
one year he fulfilled the requirements for 
the Bachelorate. Going to Madrid he 
took up the study of Medicine and was 
graduated as Licentiate in 1875. 




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I 



572 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




In a brilliant competition in which he 
stood at the head of 214 aspirants, he ob- 
tained a place in the sanitary corps of the 
army. On his return to Cuba, he soon 
retired from the military service, entered 
the University, and obtained the degree of 
Doctor of Medicine. 

Thereupon he began the practice of his 
profession in which he has won a creditable 
position and has been elected President of 
the Colegio Medico of Cuba. He has also 
served as Medical Inspector of Special 
Hygiene, member of the City Council and 
inspector of the Sanitary Service of that 
body. In addition to these offices he has 
held those of president of the Railway of 
Caibarien and Delegate for Havana to the 
Spanish Cortes. 

Since 1898, Dr. Cabrera Saavedra has 
taken little part in public life, but has de- 
voted himself to medical practice and his 
personal affairs. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



RO I G 


573 


ENRIQUE ROIG Y FORTESAAVEDRA 

Lawyer; public man. 

Enrique Roig y Fortesaavedra was 
born on the twenty-ninth of June, 1872, 
in the city of Havana, where he pursued all 
of his studies, first at the Colegio of Belen 
and then at the University of Havana, at 
which he received the title of Advocate. 
Since his graduation he has devoted him- 
self to the practice of law, along with that 
of notary public. He was a member of 
the Provincial Council of Havana. In No- 
vember, 1908, he was elected Representa- 
tive by the Liberal party in the Province 
of Havana, and was reelected in 19 10 and 
in 19 14. His term expires in April, 19 19. 
During the Fifth Congressional period he 
was president of the Committee on Foreign 
Relations and in 1913 he was reelected to 
the same position. 




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I 



' 574 


CUBAN vS OF TO-DAY 




He has published the following works: 
La Ley del Dragado, a report presented to 
the Commission of Justice and Legislation 
of the House of Representatives in regard 
to the project of the law of the Senate re- 
ferring to the company of the Ports of 
Cuba, 1 91 5: Los acontecimientos politicos 
de 191 7 y el problema de la amnistia. 
1918; El servicio militdr obligator ia. 1918; 
and various legal monographs on: Difer- 
encias entre el delito de disparo de arma de 
f ucgo y lesiones y el de nomicidio frustrado; El 
concept 0 jurtdico de la iduccion, and others. 

He is one of the first criminal lawyers 
in Cuba and has taken part on the side of 
the defense in the most important trials 
of his time, among others in the case against 
the Governor of Havana, Gen. Asbert. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



D E SATO 


575 


LUIS DE SATO Y SAGARRA 

Scholar; teacher. 

Luis de Sato y Sagarra was born in 
Ponce, Puerto Rico, on the twenty-seventh 
of December, 1893. After a short resi- 
dence in Spain, he went to Santiago de 
Cuba, where he pursued his first studies at 
the Colegio Semiriario, and at the Colegio 
Ingles. Later he entered the Colegio de 
Belen, Havana, where he secured the degree 
of Bachelor of Letters and Sciences in 
July, 191 1. From here he proceeded to 
the University where he studied law and 
philosophy. In 19 16 he was graduated as 
Doctor of Civil Law and in 191 7 took the 
degree of Doctor of Philosophy and Letters. 
After being nominated to a fellowship in 
the University he took up graduate studies 
at Columbia University, New York, as a 
candidate for the degree of Master of Arts 




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I 



576 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




in Greek archaeology. He also applied him- 
self while in Havana to the study of public 
law and pedagogy. In 191 8, after a com- 
petition, he obtained the Assistant Pro- 
fessorship in classical languages at . the 
University of Havana. He is the author 
of an archaeological stud T ~ on Phidias, 
which was his Doctor's Thesis, and of a 
lecture on the character of Andromache, 
in the History of Literature. He has col- 
laborated in the Review of the Faculty of 
Letters and Sciences, and also in architec- 
tural and legal reviews, published in 
Havana. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



S A X TAMARI A 



577 



LUIS SANTAMARIA 

Lawyer; diplomat. 

Luis Santamaria was born in Cuba in 
I the city of Pinar del Rio on the fourteenth 
of Tune, 1886. He was educated at the 
I Institute of his native place and also at the 
University of Havana, where he obtained 
the degree of Bachelor of Letters and 
Sciences. He also graduated as land sur- 
veyor and land inspector and Doctor of 
Civil Law. He was Master in Bankruptcy 
twice and exercised during one year the said 
profession. For one year he was employed 
in the Secretary's office of the Senate of 
the Cuban Republic. He served two years 
as Second Secretary of the Cuban Legation 
in Mexico and afterwards was promoted to 
the rank of First Secretary and then for 
eight years was Charge d' Affaires at the 



AND MONOGRAPHS I 



578 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




same legation. The period of his diplo : 
matic career in Mexico, from iqio to 1919, 
covers the critical years of recent Mexican 
history. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



Manuel Marquez Sterling 



MARQUEZ STERLING 


579 


MANUEL MARQUEZ STERLING Y 
LORET DE MOLA 

Journalist; diplomat; au- 
thor. 

Manuel Marquez Sterling y Loret 
de Mola was born in Lima, Peru, at the 
Cuban Legation in that city on the 28th of 
August, 1872. He comes of distinguished 
Cuban parentage, being in both lines of de- 
scent associated with illustrious and ancient 
families in the town of Camaguey. His 
father, Manuel Marquez Sterling, took 
part in the War of Separation in 1868, and 
was sent to South America to secure the 
recognition and protection of Cuban pa- 
triots in South American countries. After 
Peru had recognized the independence of 
Cuba, his father remained there for some 
time, representing as Minister Plenipo- 
tentiary the Cuban President Carlos Man- 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



I 

I 



58o 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




uel de Cespedes. Marquez pursued courses 
in the University of Havana, but the war 
of 1895 prevented him from completing his 
studies. During his youth he traveled in 
Europe and the United States. After the 
war was ended and Cuba had become in- 
dependent he was intrusted with impor- 
tant public duties. He was Secretary to 
the Cuban patriot, Gonzalo de Quesada, at 
Washington, during the negotiations for the 
establishment of the republic. In 1900 he 
was member of the Commission sent by 
Cuba to the Paris Exposition. After this 
date he devoted himself to journalism until 
1907, when he was nominated Charge 
d Affaires in Buenos Ayres. In 1909 he 
became Resident Minister at Rio de 
Janeiro; in 191 1 Minister Plenipotentiary 
in Peru, and in 191 2 Minister Plenipoten- 
tiary in Mexico. He was in Mexico at the 
time of the tragic end of President Madero 
and with other diplomats tried to save his 
life. These efforts failed, but he was able 
to place the widow, the father, and the sis- 
ters of the President and the President's 
brother, Ernesto Madero, safe on board the 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



MARQUEZ STERLING 


58i 


cruiser Cuba, which was anchored in the 
port of Vera Cruz. 

He soon retired from the diplomatic 
career and founded the journal, Heraldo 
de Cuba, which achieved great success. 
After this paper had passed into the hands 
of Dr. Orestes Ferrara he founded his pre- 
sent organ, "La Nation, " which supports 
the Liberal party. In 1918 he was nomi- 
nated as a candidate for the Chamber of 
Deputies, but refused after learning that 
the election would be tainted by fraud. In 
the line of literature he has written many 
books. The best known of these are Ideas 
y sensaciones, H ombres de pro, Alrededor de 
nuestra Psicologia, Psicologia prof ana, Burla 
burlando, La Diplomacia en neustra His- 
toria, Los ultimos dias del Presidente 
Madero, a volume of more than seven hun- 
dred pages, a large edition of which was 
exhausted in one month. He is a member 
of the National Academy of Arts and 
Letters. 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



S U A R E Z 


583 


ANTONIO PARDO SUAREZ 

Journalist; proletarian. 

Antonio Pardo Suarez was born on 
the thirtieth of March, 1871, in Havana. 
After primary instruction in the Colegio of 
Esteban Borrero Echevama, his education 
was continued in the Colegio s "Santiago 
Apostol" and "San Francisco de Paula" 
and the Institute of Havana. 

He then entered the factory "Por Larra- 
naga" as grader of tobaccos. He later 
entered the field of journalism serving as 
editor of La Republica, La Epoca, and El 
Nuevo Criollo successively, and is at present 
(191 9) Director of Regeneration a weekly 
paper devoted to the interests of the labor- 
ing classes. 

During the War of Independence, the 
persecutions of which he was the object 
forced him to emigrate. He took up his 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



584 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




residence in Vera Cruz (Mexico) where he 
served the cause of the Revolution through 
various clubs, returning to Cuba only after 
the American Intervention. 

In 1908, he became the candidate of the 
Conservative party, and was elected Repre- 
sentative from the Province of Havana and 
was reelected in 1912. In April, 1911, he 
was chosen Secretary of the House of Re- 
presentatives and continued in that office 
during the four legislatures of the fifth 
Congressional period. 

In April, 191 5, he was made Chairman 
of the Committee on Agriculture, Industry, 
and Commerce. In the same month he 
was elected Vice-president of the House of 
Representatives for the seventh Congres- 
sional period, by virtue of which office he 
occupied the Presidency for two months in 
1917. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



VARELA ZEQUEIRA 


585 


JOSE VARELA ZEQUEIRA 

Physician; teacher; poet. 

Jose Varela Zequeira was born in 
Nuevitas, Province of Puerto Principe, 
Cuba, on the nineteenth of March, 1859. 
His secondary education was received in 
Spain and in Havana after which he entered 
the University of Havana and began the 
study of medicine. In 1887 he received 
the degree of Licentiate. 

In the early days of his medical career 
he was visiting physician of the hospitals 
"La Benefica" and " Mercedes'' and chief 
of the clinic of the latter. In 1894 he 
founded in Havana a Preparatory Medical 
School which he directed. 

In 1897 he went to Costa Rica where he 
was quarantine doctor at Puerto Limon 
and edited the medical journal Gaceta 
Medica de Costa Rica. 




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I 



5 86 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Returning to Cuba in 1899, he was at 
first Vice- Director and later Director and 
Surgeon of the hospital "La Benefica. " 
In 1900 the University of Havana con- 
ferred upon him the degree of Doctor of 
Medicine and Surgery and appointed him 
to a professorship in the faculty of Dissec- 
tion. Later he became, by competition, 
Adjunct Professor of Anatomy and in the 
following year was promoted to the titular 
professorship, which position he continues 
to hold. 

In 1900 Dr. Varela was delegate to the 
Third Pan-American Medical Congress and 
Secretary of the section of General Sur- 
gery. In 1903 he was appointed a member 
of the National Board of Health. 

Aside from his profession, two of Dr. 
Varela Zequeira's interests have been 
poetry and anthropology. He has spe- 
cialized in political verse and was one of the 
founders of the Anthropological Society 
of Cuba. 

He is also Vice-president of the "Colegio 
Medico de Cuba," member of the Society 
for Clinical Research of Havana, and cor- 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



YARELA ZEQUEIRA 587 



responding member of the Academy of 
Medicine of Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 

He is the author of numerous articles in 
medical publications of Cuba and Costa 
Rica, among which are: Teoria Celular 
(1878); La Adaptation (1880); La Gula 
(1883); Diagnostico diferencial (1886); Car- 
dcter actual de los E studios Antropoldgicos 
(1889); Paramyoclonus multiplex (1890); 
Resection com pi eta del maxilar superior, 
Congreso frauds de Cirugta (1893); Esta- 
distica de ope rati ones practicadas en el 
Hospital u Mercedes," anos 1894, 1893 y 
1896 (1896); Notas CUnicas (1897); Tec- 
jiica de la cura operaioria de la hernia 
inguinal (1900); Estadistica de las opera- 
ciones practicadas en la Casa de Salud " La 
Bcnefica," del Centro Gallego (1902); Las 
Casas de Salud de la Habana (1902); 
Mecanismo de la Muerte en Garrote (1903) ; 
Sifilis. Blenorragia. Lepra (1905); Her- 
nia inguinal conteniendo el apendice 
(1905); Elogio del Doctor Federico Horst- 
mann y Cantos (1906). 



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T A R A F A 


589 


JOSE TARAFA 

Business man. 

Jose Tarafa was born in Matanzas, 
Cuba, in 1869. His early education was re- 
ceived in Havana, after which he continued 
his education in the United States. 

Upon his return to Cuba he went into 
the sugar business, but at the outbreak of 
the War for Independence enlisted in the 
insurrectionist forces. Fighting under Gen- 
erals Maximo Gomez, Monteagudo, and 
Vega he won several promotions, reaching 
the rank of Colonel. 

At the termination of the war he once 
more turned his attention to financial 
affairs especially as related to sugar. 
Through the great experience acquired in 
re-organizing several sugar enterprises and 
the successful outcome of his efforts, he 
has come to be considered an expert in the 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



59o 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




financial and administrative side of sugar 
production. 

He has interests in three great sugar 
plants: Flora Sugar Co., Moron Sugar Co., 
and Central Sugar Co., and is president of 
the last two. He is president also of the 
railroad from Jucaro to Moron. 

He also has organized the Cuban Dis- 
tilling Co., a syrup and molasses business, 
which has branches in Puerto Rico. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



VI LI, ALON 


59i 


MANUEL VILLALON 

Lawyer; public man. 

Manuel Villalon was born in Cien- 
fuegos on the twenty-second of December, 
1877. After receiving the degree of Bach- 
elor in his native city he matriculated in 
the University of Havana where he was 
graduated in 1898 with the degree of Doc- 
tor of Law r s. 

Upon his graduation he was named 
municipal judge for the city of Cienfuegos 
and also acted ad interim as judge of the 
Primary Court of Claims and Mandates. 
In the political turmoil which was specially 
violent in Cienfuegos at the beginning of 
the American Intervention, he was ap- 
pointed by General Wood to study ques- 
tions of electoral legality and to assist in 
remedying the situation. 

He has* served as Register of Deeds of 




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I 



592 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Santa Clara and as member of the City 
Council for Cienfuegos. In 1908 he was 
elected to the Council for the Province of 
Santa Clara, being chosen secretary and 
afterwards president of that body. 

Upon the death of the provincial Gov- 
ernor Roban he succeeded by virtue of his 
office to the governorship. His adminis- 
tration has been marked by the execution 
of several public works within the province : 
the building of roads and bridges and a fine 
Palacio de Gobierno. Politically Villalon 
is a Conservative. 

• 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



TORRIENTE 



593 



RICARDO DE LA TORRIENTE 

Painter; illustrator; car- 
toonist, 

RlCARDO DE LA TORRIENTE Y TOR- 

riente was born at Matanzas, Cuba, on 
the eighth of January, 1867. He was edu- 
cated in Bordeaux, France, and in the 
leading schools of Spain. After receiving 
the degree of Bachelor of Arts he returned 
to Cuba and devoted himself to artistic 
labors. 

At the time of General Weyler's recon- 
centration decree Torriente emigrated to 
New York. He became associated with 
well-known American cartoonists and was 
for five years cartoonist for New York 
daily papers — the Journal, the Herald, and 
the World. 

In 1900 he returned to Havana and be- 
came professor in the National School of 
Painting and Sculpture, which position he 



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_ 



594 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




now holds. He established La PolUica 
Comica of which he is owner and director. 
"Liborio," the popular representation of 
Cuba — what " Uncle Sam " is to the United 
States — is the creation of Torriente. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



TRUFPIN 


595 


REGIS DU REPAIRE DE TRUFFIN 

Business man; club man. 

Regis du Repaire de Trueein, gener- 
ally called in Cuba Regino Truffin, was 
born in the Province of Santa Clara, Cuba, 
in the year 1857. He was educated in 
Paris in the Colegio de "Sainte Barbe" 
obtaining the degree of Bachelor. He re- 
tained the citizenship of his father who 
was French. 

At the close of his course of study in 
France he returned to Cuba where, under 
the firm name R. Trumn & Cia, he devoted 
himself to business enterprises, especially to 
the export of molasses and crude sugars. 
This business was transferred after twenty- 
two years to the "Cuba Distilling Co." 
He built up also the large sugar plantations 
" Mercedes" and "San Juan Bautista." 

During an interim in his business ac- 




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I 



596 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




tivities, Truffin served as Cuban Consul in 
Russia, appointed in 1892. The Russian 
Government conferred upon him the Cross 
of Santa Ana and the Order of Saint 
Stanislas. 

Returning to commercial life he has been 
Vice-president of the Cuba Cane Sugar Cor- 
poration; President of the Manati Sugar 
Co., and President of the Compania Cubana 
de Jarcia. Furthermore, he has been Presi- 
dent of the French Chamber of Commerce 
of Havana, President of the Union Club, 
and President of the Yacht Club of that 
city. 


1 


HISPANIC NOTES 



V A L L E 


1 

597 


JAIME VALLE Y DIAZ 

Artist; draughtsman. 

Jaime Valle y Diaz was born in Bar- 
celona in the year 1885 and was educated 
at the church schools where he obtained 
the Bachelor's degree. In Havana he has 
acted as supervisor of Modeling and Draw- 
ing in the public schools of the city and as 
Artistic Director of the Bureau of Publicity 
and Graphic Arts. He has served also as 
art editor of the Cuban paper, La Discus- 
ion. He is the author of the artistic post- 
ers which obtained the first prize in all 
competitions held in Cuba up to the present 
year (19 19). These competitions, it may 
be mentioned, were nine in number. He is 
responsible for almost all the drawings and 
posters published by the Bureau of Pub- 
licity and Graphic Arts in Havana, and of 
a great number of title-pages, illustrations 




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1 



598 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




and caricatures contributed to the leading 
papers and magazines of Havana. He has 
the reputation of being one of the best 
draughtsmen in Cuba at the present time. 
His poster work is noticeable for its firm- 
ness of treatment, its distinction of form 
and its beauty of coloring. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



A L B E R D I 


599 


NICOLAS alberdi 

Doctor; soldier; official. 

Nicolas Alberdi was born in Sagua la 
Grande,, Province of Santa Clara, Cuba, in 
the year 1865. At the age of ten he was 
taken to Spain to continue his education in 
Seville and in 1883 he returned to Cuba, 
entered the University of Havana and in 
1892 obtained the degree of Doctor in 
Medicine. 

Following his graduation Doctor Alberdi 
settled in Cifuentes to practice his profes- 
sion and continued there until the Revolu- 
tionary War broke out in 1895, whereupon 
he joined General Jose Luis Roban in the 
organization of the military forces of Santa 
Clara and was appointed to a command. 
He later joined the Medical Corps, being 
chief health officer first of the brigade of 
Juan Bruno Zayas and later of the Fourth 




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I 



6oo 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Corps of the Army of Liberation. By the 
Fourth Corps he was elected to the As- 
sembly of Yaya and there chosen Subsecre- 
tary of Foreign Relations, later becoming 
Secretary. He retired at the close of the 
war with the rank of Colonel. 

He has held important appointments 
both civil and medical. During the Amer- 
ican Intervention he was made Director of 
the Civil Hospital of Sagua la Grande; in 
1 90 1 he was appointed Health Officer for 
the Province of Santa Clara; during the 
first Cuban Government he was elected 
Member and President of the Council of 
the Province of Santa Clara and Governor 
pro tern of the Province, and in January, 
1909, he was appointed Secretary of Gov- 
ernment (Gobernacion) in the cabinet of 
President Jose Miguel Gomez. In 19 13 
he was elected Senator for the full period 
of eight years on the Fusion ticket. He is 
chairman of the Committee on Sanitation. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



C AN CIO 


601 


LEOPOLDO CANCIO Y LUNA 

Economist; publicist; fin- 
ancier; Secretary of the 
Treasury of the Republic of 
Cuba, 1913. 

Leopoldo Cancio y Luna was born on the 
thirtieth of May, 1851, in the historic town 
of Sancti Spiritus, Cuba, where he received 
his early education, later attending the 
Colegio U E1 Salvador" in Havana founded 
by Don Jose de la Luz Caballero. From 
there he went on to the University of Ha- 
vana where he obtained the degree of Doc- 
tor of Laws in 1873. Already revolution 
was in the air and Dr. Cancio attached him- 
self to the group of young men who aspired 
after a free Cuba. In 1879 he was elected 
one of the Deputies from Cuba to the Span- 
ish Cortes. At almost the same time he 
was elected a member of the governing 
committee of the new Autonomist party 




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I 



602 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




which he had helped to organize. To fur- 
ther the purposes of the party new periodi- 
cals sprang up, El Triunfo, El Pais, and 
later La Union on all of which Dr. Cancio 
served as editor. He later withdrew from 
the Autonomist party; but not desiring to 
join the revolutionary conspirators, sepa- 
rated entirely from political activity, shut- 
ting himself up in his house. 

Nevertheless when, upon the American 
Intervention, a new government was or- 
ganized Dr. Cancio's talents were recog- 
nized and his services required. He served 
in the Treasury Department under the 
direction of General Brooke and also under 
the administration of General Wood. 

Shortly after the first Cuban government 
was formed under the Presidency of Tomas 
Estrada Palma in 1902, Dr. Cancio was 
appointed substitute Secretary of Govern- 
ment in which capacity he acted a year and 
a half. . At about this time he was instru- 
mental in removing serious obstacles to 
the negotiation of the Treaty of Recipro- 
city with the United States ; in recognition 
of this service he was placed in charge of 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



C A N C I 0 


603 


Public Instruction. This post he resigned, 
however, because of political differences with 
the President and entered upon an active 
campaign of opposition using the columns 
of the review Cuba y America and cooperat- 
ing with Dr. Emilio Nunez in founding 
the Conservative party, upon the success 
of which Dr. Cancio became President of 
the Provincial Assembly and Delegate to 
the National Assembly. In 1913, when the 
Conservative party won a complete tri- 
umph, Dr. Cancio was appointed Secretary 
of the Treasury in President Menocal's 
cabinet. 

He has headed many committees desig- 
nated to study the financial problems of the 
country and for many years has been cen- 
sor of the economic Society, Amigos del 
Pais. He is contributor to periodicals and 
reviews upon economic and financial sub- 
jects and is the author of numerous pam- 
phlets among which is La Moneda y la 
Circulation, published in 1900 under the 
auspices or the University of Havana w T here 
he is professor of Political Economy and 
Finance. 




AND M ONOGRAPHS 


I 

1 



Rafael A. Fernandez 



FERNANDEZ 


605 


RAFAEL ANTONIO FERNANDEZ 

Educator. 

Rafael Antonio Fernandez was born 
in the Asturias in Spain at the town of 
Belmont, in 1877. He was educated pri- 
vately at Surgidere de Batabano, Cuba. 
At the University of Havana he obtained 
the degree of Doctor of Pedagogy. In 
Batabano from 19101:01915 he was director 
of a primary school called Jose Alonzo Del- 
gado. He was pedagogical instructor of 
the Aguacate District in the Province of 
Havana in 191 5, and in 191 5 became pro- 
vincial instructor of primary instruction in 
the Province of Pinar del Rio. After com- 
petition he was nominated to the chair of 
Associate Professor of Pedagogical Studies 
in the Normal School for Schoolteachers 
in Havana, 191 6. In the same year he 
was named by the Department of Public 




HISPANIC NOTES I 



6o6 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Instruction and Fine Arts Acting Professor 
for Anatomy, Physiology, in Hygiene and 
Physical Education of the same school. 
In 19 18 he obtained, after filling the due 
requirements, the position of Associate 
Professor in the A. and B. chairs of the 
School of Pedagogy in the University of 
Havana, and his work includes Pedagogical 
Psychology, the History of Pedagogy, the 
Hygiene of Schools, and Pedagogical Meth- 
odology. From the time at which he 
adopted the teaching profession, he has 
published several pamphlets on educational 
matters, and also numerous articles on the 
same subjects in the professional review 
called Cuba Pedagogica. He is the author 
of the following books: La geografia en la 
escuela primaria; Geografia elemental dc 
Cuba. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



ARAM B URQ 


607 


MARIANO ARAMBURO 

Jurist; man of letters; 
public speaker. 

Mariano Aramburo y Machado was 
born in Puerto Principe (now Camagiiey) 
on the thirtieth of November, 1870, and ob- 
tained his early education in his native city 
at the Colegio of Esculapius, where he com- 
pleted the course for the Bachelor's degree 
in 1886. . In the same year he went to 
Spain, entered the University of Saragossa 
and pursued simultaneously the courses 
leading to two degrees — that in Philosophy 
and Letters and that in Law, — both of 
which he obtained as Licentiate in 1890. 
A year later he passed on to the University 
of Madrid and there obtained the degree 
of Doctor likewise in both faculties. 

For some years he remained in Madrid 
devoting himself to intellectual pursuits, 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



6o8 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




contributing to important magazines and 
discursos oratorios before the Royal Acad- 
emy of Jurisprudence, the Ateneo and 
other learned societies. In 1898, he re- 
turned to Cuba but remained only three 
years, retracing his steps to Spain in 1901, 
where he devoted himself to literary criti- 
cism. 

At the end of 1906 he again resumed his 
residence in Cuba and in 1909, when Gen- 
eral Jose Miguel Gomez was elected Presi- 
dent, Serior Aramburo was appointed 
Minister to Chile — a post which he filled 
until 1 913. Under the Gomez administra- 
tion he arbitrated, in association with a 
Spanish appointee, a complaint of judicial 
injustice to a Spanish subject; the findings 
are given in his pamphlet Proyecto de laudo 
0 veto particular (191 7). His other writ- 
ings are: Personalidad liter aria de dona 
Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda (1898); 
Origin, desarrollo y decadencia de la tragedia 
griega (1890); Estudio de las causas que 
determinan, modifican y extinguen la capaci- 
dad civil (1894); Impresiones y juicios 
(1901); Monografas oratorios (1906); Liter- 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



ARAMBURO 


609 


atura crttica (1909); Arte de Men vivir 
(191 5); Doctrinas juHdicas (191 6); and 
Bases para el Codigo civil cubano (1916). 

He belonged to the directorate of the 
Democratic Union party; is academician of 
the Real de Jurisprudencia y Legislacion, 
Madrid; honorary President of the Aca- 
demia Juridico-Literaiia Arogonesa; Presi- 
dent of the Seccion de Ciencias Morales y 
Politicos of the Ateneo, Havana; honorary 
member of the Real Hispano-Americana, 
Cadiz; Corresponding member of the In- 
stitute de la Orden de Abogados Brasil- 
enos, of the Academia Nacional de Historia 
de Colombia and of the Real Academia de 
Ciencias Morales y Politicas, Madrid. 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



H E V I A 


611 


ARTURO HEVIA Y DIAZ 

Lawyer; magistrate. 

Arturo Hevia y Diaz was born on the 
fifth of November, 1864, in the city of Ha- 
vana, and there gained his education ; first 
in the Colegios of Belen and San Elias, 
where he completed the courses for the 
Bachelor's degree in 1880, and later in the 
University where he took the law course 
and obtained the degree of Doctor of Laws 
in 1885. 

In addition to the practice of his pro- 
fession, Dr. Hevia has held various official 
positions. He has served as judge of the 
lower courts in Colon and in the city of 
Havana; special Prosecuting Attorney in 
the Provincial court of Havana, and Magis- 
trate in the same court. In 1908 he was 
Member and Secretary of the Legislative 
Committee to revise the Penal Code and 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



6l2 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




the Law of Criminal Procedure. In 1909 
he was appointed magistrate in the Civil 
Section as well as in that of Administra- 
tive litigation in the Supreme Court of 
Cuba where he continues (1919). 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



HUERTA 


613 


SANTIAGO DE LA HUERTA 

Physician; teacher. 

Santiago de la Huerta y Ponce de 
Leon was born in Cuba, City of Matanzas, 
on the sixth of April, 1870. He received his 
secondary and technical education in Ha- 
vana, first at the Colegio Gran Antilla, and 
then at the University. He took the de- 
gree of Bachelor of Arts in 1886, was made 
a Licentiate in Natural Sciences with first 
honors in 1890, Doctor of Natural Sciences, 
with first honors, in 1891, and became Li- 
centiate in Medicine and Surgery in 1892. 
From 1890 to 1897 he was Assistant Cura- 
tor in the Museum of Natural History 
of Havana University. In 1893 he was 
named, after competition, to be Associate 
Professor in the Santa Clara Institute of 
Secondary Education. In 1894 he was 
made Associate Professor in the Free 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



614 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




School of Medicine of Havana, in the de- 
partment of General and Medical Pathol- 
ogy, and in the same year took charge of 
the course in Histology at the same school. 
In 1895 he became titular professor of Medi- 
cal Natural History in the same school. 
From 1896 to 1898 he was acting professor 
of Natural History, including Mineralogy, 
Botany, and Zoology at the University of 
Havana. In 1898 to 1899 he held the chair 
of Stratigraphic Paleontology in the same 
faculty, that is, the Scientific Faculty of 
the University. In 1899 he was titular pro- 
fessor of Mineralogy and Crystallography. 
From 1900 to date he has acted as titular 
professor, after a competition, in Chair " 1 " 
in the School of Sciences. From 1900 to 
1 90 1 he gave courses in Natural History 
in the Normal Summer School. In 1902 
and 1903 he gave similar courses in geog- 
raphy. In 1906 he was a delegate of the 
Cuban Government to the U X" section 
of the Geological Congress held in Mexico 
and was nominated Vice-president of this 
Congress. 

In 1907 he was made Vocal of the Ex- 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



HUERTA 


615 


ecutive Committee of the Conference on 
Charity and Corrections of Cienfuegos. 
In 1908 he held a similar position at Car- 
denas. He was named by election in 19 13 
substitute member in the Faculty of 
Letters and Sciences of the University 
Council, in which position he served three 
years. In 191 5 he became a Foundation 
Member of the Society of Natural History 
"Felipe Poey." In 191 5 he was elected di- 
rector of the Geological Section of this so- 
ciety and has served in that position four 
years. In 1916 he became titular mem- 
ber of the University Council, elected by 
the Faculty of Letters and Sciences, and 
has served as such up to the present date. 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



DO MI N QUE Z 


617 


GUILLERMO DOMINGUEZ ROLDAN 

Teacher; writer; lawyer; 
public speaker. 

GUILLERMO DOMINGUEZ ROLDAN Was 

born in Havana, December 12, 1868, was 
educated in the same city; was graduated 
from the Universi ty of Havana at nineteen 
with the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and 
Letters and two years later received the 
Doctorate in Law, in both cases being the 
recipient of class honors. 

At twenty years of age he entered a com- 
petition conducted in Madrid for the Pro- 
fessorship in Hebrew in the University of 
Havana and won. He taught Hebrew and 
other ancient languages for a time with the 
rank of Assistant Professor and was Secre- 
tary of the Faculty of Philosophy and Let- 
ters, but in 1 901 succeeded Dr. Nicolas 
Heredia in the chairs of History of Spanish 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 




Aurelio Hevia y Alcalde 



HE VI A 


621 


AURELIO HEVIA 

Lawyer; soldier; publicist; 
administrator; Secretary of 
Government (i. e., Army, 
Navy, Railways and Police) 
in the Republic of Cuba. 

Aurelio Hevia y Alcaide was born in 
Havana on the twenty-fifth of October, 
1 866, and after a preliminary course of 
study entered the law office of Senor 
Antonio Govin, where he was introduced 
to the practice of the law. 

When the Revolution broke out in 1895 
Dr. Hevia enlisted in the army where he 
won his way upward step by step to the 
rank of Colonel. In 1898 he was a mem- 
ber of the Assembly of Santa Cruz del Sur 
by which he was designated a member of 
the commission which visited the United 
States to treat with President McKinley 
in regard to the claims of the Cuban Army 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



H E V I A 


621 


AURELIO HEVIA 

Lawyer; soldier; publicist; 
administrator; Secretary of 
Government (i. e., Army, 
Navy, Railways and Police) 
in the Republic of Cuba. 

Aurelio Hevia y Alcaide was born in 
Havana on the twenty-fifth of October, 
1866, and after a preliminary course of 
study entered the law office of Senor 
Antonio Govm, where he was introduced 
to the practice of the law. 

When the Revolution broke out in 1895 
Dr. Hevia enlisted in the army where he 
won his way upward step by step to the 
rank of Colonel. In 1898 he was a mem- 
ber of the Assembly of Santa Cruz del Sur 
by which he was designated a member of 
the commission which visited the United 
States to treat with President McKinley 
in regard to the claims of the Cuban Army 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



622 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 


r 


for back pay. In 1899 he was a member 
of the Constituent Assembly. In 1900 he 
was named by General Brooke Chief of the 
section of State in the Secretaryship of 
State and Government, a post in which he 
was continued by General Wood. In 1902 
when President Tomas Estrada Palma 
came into office Dr. Hevia became Sub- 
secretary of State where he had to do with 
organizing the diplomatic and consular 
service of Cuba and with negotiating the 
treaties which the infant Republic entered 
into with the various Powers. 

When the second Intervention became 
imminent Dr. Hevia opposed it to his ut- 
most and on its occurrence withdrew to pri- 
vate life only to resume his interest in pub- 
lic affairs with the candidacy of his friend 
General Menocal for the Presidency in 
1909. Into that campaign he threw him- 
self with ardor, and although unsuccessful 
he gained experience which enabled him to 
contribute to General Menocal's success 
in the notable campaign of 19 13. Elected 
then to the Presidency, General Menocal 
designated Dr. Hevia Secretary of Gov- 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



H E V I A, 


623 


ernment, which post he occupied until 
1918. 

While Secretary he introduced impor- 
tant prison reforms including the abolition 
of corporal punishment and commutation 
of sentence for good behavior; secured the 
regulation of the manufacture, sale, and 
storage of explosives; dictated improve- 
ments in mail and telegraphs; aided in sup- 
pressing brigandage; supported Army and 
Navy reforms and the retirement provision 
for both branches of the service. 




AND MONOGRAPHS I 



CARD E N A S 625 


JULIO DE CARDENAS 

Lawyer; magistrate. 

Julio de Cardenas y Rodriguez was 
born in Matanzas on the twelfth of April, 
1 S49, and began his education in the famous 
Colegio of u San Francisco de Asis," which 
was then conducted by D. Jose Alonso y 
Delgado. Thence he passed to the Uni- 
versity of Havana and completed the 
studies for his degree in the Law, which he 
began at once to practice in the office of 
Dr. Antonio Gonzalez de Mendoza. 

In addition to his long practice of the 
profession, extending over nearly half a 
century, Dr. Cardenas has seen important 
and varied service as a judge. In May, 
1894, he was appointed Municipal Judge 
! for the District of Pilar in Havana; in 1899. 
General Brooke, the first Military Governor 
of Cuba, appointed him Presiding Judge 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



626 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




over the Criminal Section of the Provincial 
Court of Havana and in 1901 General 
Wood appointed him Presiding Judge of the 
Provincial Courts of Santa Clara, a post 
which he found it inconvenient to accept. 
In 1906 the City Council of Havana elected 
him Mayor and Chairman of the Council 
and in 1908 he was chosen by popular vote 
on the Conservative ticket to the same 
office under the new laws. Besides these 
regular appointments and elections, Dr. 
Cardenas has filled from time to time tem- 
porary posts on the bench, thus extending 
the period of his service as a magistrate. 
After completing his term of office as Mayor 
in 19 13 he was appointed Attorney General 
of the Republic which office he held until 
he retired with a pension in 1 9 1 8 . He then 
resumed the practice of law. 


1 


HISPANIC NOTES 



LANDA Y GONZALES 627 


MARIA DE LOS ANGELES LANDA 
Y GONZALES 

Scholar; teacher. 

Senorita Maria de Los Angeles 
Land a y Gonzales was born in Colon, 
Province of Matanzas, on the second of 
August, 1865, where she received her early 
education. Later she attended the Uni- 
versity of Havana where she won the title 
of Mistress, 1898, and Doctor of Pedagogy 
(1906). She was appointed .Superinten- 
dent and Mistress of Public School, No. 
8, in the City of Havana in 1899, and 
in 1919 she became Superintendent of 
the first home school founded in the 
Republic of Cuba. This position she se- 
cured from the Department of Public In- 
struction and Fine Arts on the grounds 
or the preparation by her ot the project 
for the Home School, which met the ap- 
proval of this department. She has been 
instrumental in founding boards of ex- 
aminers to act in filling the chairs of 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



628 



CUBANS OF TO-DAY 



the Normal School. In School No. 8, at 
Havana, she founded an Alumnae Associa- 
tion for the purpose of increasing the esprit 
de corps among its graduates. Many of 
the students instructed under her have 
taken prominent places in the teaching 
force of the republic. She was the founder 
of the night school held in the building of 
School No. 8, and because of her work, in- 
dustry, and success she has been formally 
recognized by the Board of Education in 
Havana which conferred upon School No. 
8 her name, and it is now called the Angela 
Landa School. She has been able through 
the Alumnae Association founded by her 
to increase the interest of the graduates 
by holding regularly literary exercises, at 
which addresses are given by experienced 
persons. This association, called the " Sun- 
shine Association, " conferred upon her a 
gold medal as a reward for her labors in 
behalf of the good of humanity. The 
thesis offered by her in obtaining the degree 
of Doctor of Pedagogy has the following 
title: "Como afecta el concepto de 
evolucion al estudio de la moralidad. " 



HISPANIC NOTES 



HERRYM A N 


629 


MANUEL HERRYMAN GIL 

Soldier; official. 

Manuel Herrymax Gil was born in the 
city of Manzanillo, in the Province of 
Oriente, on the fifteenth of April, 1879. In 
March, 1895, although he was only fifteen 
years old, he took part in the revolution that 
had its center at his native place, and he 
first operated in the Eastern Province, un- 
der the direction of Generals Bartolome 
Maso and Amador Guerra. Later he acted 
under the orders of Lieutenant General 
Antonio Maceo, during the invasion of this 
province and he became Aide-de-Camp of 
Maceo. He was a member of the Sixth 
Corps of the Army of Liberation, having 
gained distinctive honors, and was a mem- 
ber of the Staffs of Generals Vidal Ducase 
and Pedro Diaz. At the end of the revolu- 
tion he had obtained the rank of Major. 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 

1 



630 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




He took part in all the actions of the War 
of Invasion, namely : Paralejo, Cacarajicara, 
Montezuelo, Ceja del Negro, Tumas de 
Estorino, La Madama, etc. 

During the Presidency of Tomas Estrada 
Palma he occupied positions of trust in the 
Bureau of Internal Revenue, being attached 
in this capacity to the Department of 
Finance. After the termination of the war 
and since then he has applied himself to 
agriculture. When General Menocal be- 
came President of the Republic in 191 2 
he was appointed Provincial Inspector of 
Internal Revenue for the Province of Pinar 
del Rio, a post which he resigned in Febru- 
ary, 191 7, in order to take possession of the 
office of Civil Governor, to which he was 
elected at the election held in November, 
1916. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 

1 



L E B R E D 0 


631 


MARIO G. LEBREDO Y ARANQO 
Physician; teacher. 

Mario G. Lebredo y Aran go was 
born in Havana on the twenty-seventh of 
April, 1 866. He was educated in Havana 
and also studied in Paris at the Lycee 
Henri Ouatre. He also practiced in Paris 
hospitals. From the University of Havana 
he has received the degree of Doctor of 
Medicine and Surgery and also Doctor in 
the Physico-Chemical Sciences. In 1902 
he was appointed Resident Physician in 
Las Animas Hospital, Havana, which is 
devoted to the treatment of contagious 
diseases. Shortly afterwards he was ap- 
pointed Vice-superintendent of the same 
hospital. Later on he became Director of 
the Laboratory of Scientific Investigation 
and finally chief of the section of Epidemi- 
ology and the laboratories of the Depart- 




A X D MONOGRAPHS 


I 



632 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




ment of Hygiene. He was also substitute 
member in the Commission for Infectious 
Diseases. He is ex-director in the Biological 
Section of the Felipe Poey Cuban Society of 
Natural History. He was head of the cam- 
paigns conducted in various regions of the 
Island against the yellow fever epidemic. 
He was given a special commission by the 
Department of Hygiene for epidemiological 
works for such diseases as yellow fever, 
paludism, bubonic plague, poliomyelitis, 
and typhoid fever. He organized the bac- 
teriological service for the diagnostic study 
of the human and murine plague during 
the epidemic which took place in 1 9 1 2 . He 
was delegated officially to go abroad at dif- 
ferent times to study epidemic conditions: 
to New Orleans for the bubonic plague; to 
Merida for the yellow fever; to Vera Cruz 
and Tampico on suspected cases of cholera 
and yellow fever; to Puerto Rico for yel- 
low fever. He was a delegate from Cuba 
to the Paris Tuberculosis Congress in 1905; 
to the American Public Health Association 
in Colorado in 191 2; to the Tuberculosis 
Congress held in Washington in 1908; to 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



L E B R E D 0 


633 


the International Congress of Hygiene and 
Demography held at Washington in 191 2; 
to the second Pan-American Scientific 
Congress held in Washington in 191 5. 

He was in charge of the reports on 
Sanitary Subjects in the second and third 
National Congresses of Cuba. He was a 
member of the Yellow Fever Commission 
at Guayaquil, Ecuador, July to September, 
1918, appointed by the Rockefeller In- 
stitute. He is the author of reports and 
pamphlets on medical subjects from the 
point of view of original investigation in 
the field of epidemiology, embracing such 
questions as filaria, malaria, poliomyeli- 
tis, inquilostomiasis; in collaboration with 
Dr. Arthur Coca, New York, he has made 
a study of cancer. He is the author of 
monographs on the anatomy of the mos- 
quito, and on the transmission of the 
nocturnal filaria by the mosquito. He is 
the author of a memoir rewarded with the 
" Nicolas Gutierrez" prize of the Academy 
of Medical and Physico-Natural Sciences 
of Havana on Intestinal Parasitism in Cuba 
principally inquilostomiasis. 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



LOPEZ DEL VALLE 


635 


JOSE ANTONIO LOPEZ DEL VALLE 

Doctor; health officer. 

Jose Antonio Lopez del Valle was 
born in Havana on the sixth of November, 
1875, and was educated by his mother. 
At the age of twelve he was pupil-teacher 
in a private school , at the age of fourteen 
he was assistant-protessor in a public 
school of the Monserrate ward, and at 
fifteen he was student -interne in the Hospi- 
tal Aldecoa. Aided by the maternal coun- 
sels, Lopez del Valle continued his arduous 
course; he obtained the degree of Licentiate 
in 1897 and that of Doctor of Medicine 
and Surgery in 1903. 

After seven years at the Hospital of 
Aldecoa in which he held the most impor- 
tant posts, he accepted the position of 
Physician of the Emergency Station and 
Home Relief Staff (Casa de Socorro y 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



636 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Asistencia Domiciliaria) . But in 1898 at 
the end of the War of Independence he 
found an opportunity under the American 
Intervention of entering the field of Public 
Health and Sanitation to which he has 
devoted himself without respite ever since 
and in which he has held successively many 
offices: Local Inspector; District Inspector; 
Disinfection Officer; Inspector-General of 
the Department; Secretary of the Local 
Board of Health of Havana; Executive 
Head of the Department of Health, etc. 

As health officer Dr. Lopez del Valle has 
contributed to the public health by many 
practical suggestions and regulations look- 
ing to the reduction of means of contagion 
and infection. In association with Drs. 
Furbusch and Jacobsen he had an active 
part in founding the first dispensary for 
ailments of the lungs. And he was instru- 
mental in having Arbor Day adopted as a 
holiday. 

Among his publications are : El Departa- 
mento de Sanidad de la Habana, su organ- 
ization, procedimientos y marcha (1905), La 
nationalization de las servicios de Sanidad 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



LOPEZ DEL VALLE 


637 


(1908); Lecciones populares sobre tubercu- 
losis (1910); Desenvolvimiento de la Sani- 
dad y la Beneficencia en Cuba (1914); 
Plan de campana contra la peste bubonica 
(191 5); La Fiebre Amarilla, Casos attpicos; 
Instrucciones Populares contra la Grippe; 
El Paludismo — Notas para la propaganda 
sanitaria; Fiebre Tifoidea — Profilaxis y 
marcha de esta infeccion; Los establicimien- 
tos publicos desde el punto de vista sanitario; 
Campana contra las moscas; Las casas de 
vecindad — estudio de esas viviendas y me- 
joras de cardcter higienico que deben intro- 
ducirse en las mismas; Las Escuelas publicas 
de la Habana; Abastecimiento de agua. 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



NUNEZ 


639 


EMILIO NUNEZ 

Soldier; administrator; 
Vice-president of the Re- 
public since iqi 7. 

Emilio Nunez y Rodriguez was born on 
the plantation called u San Francisco" near 
Sagua la Grande on the twenty-seventh 
of December, 1855. His youth was spent 
in the midst of revolutionary agitation and 
he became a revolutionist by force both of 
heredity and of environment. He had 
hardly obtained his Bachelor's degree at 
the Institute of Havana when the Revo- 
lution of '68-' 7 8 broke out — the first act of 
the great struggle — and he joined the 
fighters. Figuring in the "Guerra Chi- 
quita," he is said to have been the last 
Cuban leader to come to terms with the 
Spanish. From that time until the final 
success in 1898, he never ceased his revo- 
lutionary activities, either righting in the 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



640 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 


i 


field or directing agitation in Cuba or 
the United States. He gained the rank of 
Colonel as an aide to General Marti in 
charge of the Department of Expeditions 
obtaining and transporting to the revolu- 
tionists in the field, supplies, arms, and 
munitions and by his vigorous prosecution 
of these important duties gained in 1895 
the rank of General at the head of the 
Department of Expeditions. 

Meantime General Nunez had obtained 
his degree in dental medicine and was 
practicing his profession in Philadelphia. 
Sometime before the close of the Revolu- 
tion he returned to Cuba and became the 
Representative in the Assembly of Santa 
Cruz del Sur of the Fourth Corps of the 
Army of Liberation. Upon the dissolu- 
tion of the Assembly of Representatives of 
the Army, in 1899, he was appointed by 
General Brooke, Military Governor under 
the American Intervention, to go to Phila- 
delphia to represent Cuba in the Com- 
mercial Congress. In the same year he 
was elected a member of the Constituent 
Convention for the Province of Havana 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



NUNEZ 


641 


and took an active part in its deliberations. 
In 1900 he was appointed Governor of the 
Province of Havana under the American 
Intervention — to which office at the close 
of the Intervention he was elected without 
opposition by the popular vote. 

One of the most notable achievements of 
General Nunez in public affairs was his 
part in the organization of the Veterans of 
the Revolution into an influential political 
body, by which his services were recog- 
nized in his election as President of the 
National Council of Veterans — an office to 
which he has been twice reelected. 

Upon General MenocaPs accession to the 
Presidency in 19 13, General Nunez was 
appointed Secretary of Agriculture, Com- 
merce, and Labor; in the general elections 
of 1 9 16 he was elected Vice-president of the 
Republic, which post he now holds (191 9). 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



S 0 U Z A 


643 


BEXIGXO SOUZA 

Physician ; surgeon. 

Benigno Souza y Rodriguez was born 
in the village of Macurijes, Province of 
Matanzas, on the twenty-first of May, 1873. 

His early education, up to the completion 
of the course for the Bachelor's degree, was 
obtained in Havana at the Colegio "El 
Progreso" then under the direction of the 
distinguished scholar Dr. Carlos de la 
Torre, whence he went to the University 
and gained the degree of Doctor in Medi- 
cine in the year 1900, at the age of twenty- 
seven. 

"While a student at the University he had 
won in open competition the post of assist- 
ant in Dissection. For six years after 
graduation, Dr. Souza held the position of 
Interne Physician in Hospital Number One 
in Havana; then he became Head Physi- 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



644 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




cian and, later, Assistant Director of the 
Hospital, going on from that post, in 1909, 
to be Surgeon of the Emergency Hospital. 

Dr. Souza is President of the Commis- 
sion of Hygiene; Member ot the National 
Board of Health, and Surgeon of the Hos- 
pital Number One. He is the author of 
Tres casos de cirugia gastro-intestinal (1916). 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



D E R 0 J A S 


645 


CARLOS M. de ROJAS 

Soldier; official; man of 
affairs. 

Carlos de Rojas was born on the four- 
teenth of March, 1862, in Cardenas. Here 
he gained his early education, going on to 
the Colegio of Esculapius in Guanabacoa 
where he completed the course required 
for the Bachelor's degree and proceeded to 
the University. After two years' study of 
law, de Rojas left the University to visit 
the United States and spent a year at 
Harvard University where he had the 
privilege of studying under the poet Long- 
fellow. 

On leaving the United States de Rojas 
went to Santo Domingo where he devoted 
himself to business, but in 1883 he returned 
to Cuba and settled in Cardenas to develop 
certain special business interests. In 1884, 
he was made Vice Consul for the Dominican 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



646 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Republic in Cardenas and, in 1891, Vice 
Consul tor the Republic of Argentina. The 
latter position he retained until 1896. He 
then joined the revolutionary forces under 
General Lacret and fought through the 
war, gaining promotion step by step by 
valor in combat until at the close of hos- 
tilities he had been made General of a 
Division and in 1897 had won the rank of 
Brigadier General. 

During the first American Intervention 
de Rojas was appointed Alcalde of Car- 
denas and continued in the same office by 
election of his fellow citizens. During his 
incumbency of the office the Library and 
Museum of Cardenas was founded. 

In 1903 he was appointed Colonel of the 
Rural Guard; in 1905, Chief of Corps of 
Artillery; in 1908, on the reorganization of 
the Army, he was given command of the 
Second Regiment of Infantry, and in 19 10 
he was made Inspector of the Armed Forces 
of the Republic with the rank of Brigadier 
General. In 19 13 he was appointed Min- 
ister to Peru, but he did not take possession 
of the post. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



T H E Y E 


647 


CARLOS THEYE Y SHOSTE 

Scientist; teacher. 

Carlos The ye y Shoste was born at 
Havana on the twenty-third of October, 
1853. He was educated at Paris, where 
he obtained the degree of Bachelor of 
Sciences at the Sorbonne, in 187 1. He 
also completed courses at the ficole Cen- 
trale in Paris, obtaining the degree of 
Engineer in Chemistry, and he received at 
Barcelona, in Spain, the degree of Industrial 
Engineer. He was instructor in Chemistry 
at the Ecole Centrale of Paris, and in 1882 
became Professor of Physics and Chemistry 
at the Havana School of Agriculture. In 
1885 he was named Professor of Chemistry 
at the University of Havana, a position 
which he holds at the present day. In 1904 
he was a member of the Commission ap- 
pointed by the Cuban Government in 




AND MONOGRAPH S 


I 



648 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




connection with the Exposition of St. 
Louis. He has been University Extension 
lecturer on Meteorology and Chemistry. 
He is the author of scientific investigations 
on the composition of atmospheric air, on 
the Nitrification of Agricultural Land, and 
on Meteorology, which have been published 
in scientific reviews and the daily press. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



DE LA TORRE 


649 


CARLOS DE LA TORRE 

Naturalist; teacher; author. 

Carlos de la Torre was born in 
Matanzas, on the fifteenth of May, 1858, 
and after early education at "Las Nor- 
males" and the Colegio "La Empresa" 
of Matanzas, completed the requirements 
for the Bachelor's degree at the Institute 
of Havana in 1876, then entered the 
National University where his brilliant 
scholarship won him many prizes and 
where, in 1881, he received the Licentiate 
in Medicine, in Pharmacy, and in Natural 
Sciences. The degree of Doctor of Natural 
Science he obtained at the Central Uni- 
versity of Madrid two years later, with a 
thesis upon Distribution geogrdfica de la 
fauna malacologica terrestre de Cuba. 

His vocation for Natural History was 
furthered by the learned Francisco Ximeno, 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



650 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




of Matanzas, who opened to young de la 
Torre his museum and fine library, and by 
his teachers Ramon Forns, Rafael Arango, 
and Juan Gundlach . He also acknowledges 
a great debt to Felipe Poey in whose in- 
spiring society he worked and whom he 
succeeded in the chair of Zoography in the 
University of Havana. Before the end of 
his twentieth year he had discovered two 
new species of mollusk which were named 
in his honor Cylindrella Torrei, Arango, 
i876 / and Cyclostoma Torreianum, Gund- 
lach, 1878. 

Simultaneously with his enthusiasm for 
natural science grew his interest in teach- 
ing. He taught in "Los Normales" and 
"San Carlos" (Matanzas) and "La Gran 
Antilla" and "El Progreso^' (Havana) 
and was one of the founders of the School of 
Arts and Crafts in Havana. As the result of 
competitive tests he was appointed in 1880 
Assistant in Natural and Physico-Chemi- 
cal Sciences at the Institute of Havana, 
and ; in 1883, Professor of Natural History 
and Physiology in the Institute of Porto 
Rico, which latter position he filled one 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



DE LA TORRE 


651 


year then returned to take the professor- 
ships of Comparative Anatomy and of 
Zoography of Mollusks and Zo ophites in 
the University of Havana. 

In 1886 he joined the Anthropological 
Society of Cuba and in 1889 the Academy 
of Sciences, on the latter occasion deliver- 
ing a learned discourse on Consider aciones 
anatdmicas sobre los huesos de la cabeza del 
manjuari. Before the same Academy in 
1890, he presented an Informe sobre la en- 
fermedad de los cocoteros, and a year later a 
report, illustrated with many archaeological 
objects there discovered, of his Excursion 
antropologica a las caver nas de Maisi 
(Oriente), from which he had just returned. 

In 1893 he was appointed " Judge of 
Awards" in the section of Mineralogy and 
Geology of the Chicago Columbian Exposi- 
tion. In 1895 he opened the scholastic 
year at the University of Havana with an 
address on Clasificacion de los animales ob- 
servados por Colon y los primer os explora- 
dores de Cuba. 

Persecutions by the Spanish colonial 
government moved him to leave the coun- 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



652 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




try at the outbreak of the War for Inde- 
pendence. He went first to Mexico where 
he served as Professor of Natural Science 
in Chihuahua, then to Paris where, after 
studying in the University and the College 
of France, he was, in 1897, admitted to 
membership in the Societe Zoologique of 
France. 

Upon returning to Cuba in 1898, his 
university post of which he had been de- 
prived by order of General Weyler was, by 
the Government of the American Inter- 
vention, restored to him. He has contin- 
ued active service in the University, being 
now (19 19) Professor of Biology, Zoology, 
and Zoography. 

Upon his return to Cuba Dr. de la Torre 
entered political life and was active in 
founding and organizing the Nationalist 
party, by which he was elected to the City 
Council (1900- 1 902). General Wood ap- 
pointed him to the Mayoralty which posi- 
tion he was occupying upon the inaugura- 
tion of the Republic in 1902. He then was 
elected Representative for the Province of 
Havana for four years, and in 1905 the 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



DE LA TORRE 


653 


House chose him for presiding officer. 
In the same year he retired from public 
life to devote himself to scientific pursuits. 

When the Government of the American 
Intervention designated Supt. Frye and 
Lieut. Hanna to organize the Cuban pub- 
lic school system (i 899) , Dr. de la Torre was 
an able cooperator: he enlisted the aid 
of his distinguished countrymen, Aguayo, 
Borrero Echevarria, Vidal Morales, and 
others, and prepared the Manual para los 
examines de maestros which soon was fol- 
lowed by Libros de lectura y lenguaje, La 
Geografta de Cuba, La Historia de Cuba, La 
Instruction Moral y Ctvica. 

In 1900 he was delegate for the Province 
of Havana at the Paris Exposition; in 1904, 
Commissioner of Public Instruction at the 
Exposition of St. Louis; in 1906, delegate 
to the Tenth International Geological Con- 
gress in session in Mexico; in 19 10, he rep- 
resented the Government of Cuba at the 
Eighth International Zoological Congress 
at Gratz. 

In 1909 he proved the existence of Juras- 
sic strata in the western part of Cuba and 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



°54 



CUBANS OF TO-DAY 



in 1 910 found Pleistocene fossils in the 
central region of the island, restoring a 
Megalocnus rodens, discoveries which were 
submitted to the judgment of the Eleventh 
Geological Congress at Stockholm in 191 1. 

The Cuban Government has committed 
to de la Torre the revision and publication 
of Ictiologia cubana by the illustrious natu- 
ralist Poey, a work in which Dr. Canizares 
is collaborating. 

The Academy of Science of Havana in 
191 1 raised him to the category of member 
"de merito." He has been since 1901 
corresponding member of the Academy of 
Science of Philadelphia and since 191 1 
corresponding member of the Spanish 
Academy of Science, and life member of the 
Museum of Natural History of New York. 

In 191 2 Harvard University conferred 
upon him the honorary title Doctor of Sci- 
ence, characterizing him as " statesman and 
naturalist, first in the knowledge of mol- 
lusks of the Gulf of Mexico, discoverer of 
fossils which have revolutionized the geolog- 
ical history of Cuba." In recognition of 
this honor to their co-worker the University 



I HISPANIC NOTES 



DE LA TORRE 


655 


of Havana gave a great celebration in 
1913; the Academy of Science hung his 
portrait in the Salon de Sesiones : Matanzas. 
his native city, declared him a " favorite 
son" and had a gold medal made in his 
honor; the Institute of Matanzas gave a 
festival and hung his portrait in the Audi- 
torium. In 19 1 8 Dr. de la Torre was 
elected corresponding member of The 
Hispanic Society of America. 




A N D MONOGRAPHS 


I 



S E G U R A 


657 


ANDRES SEGURA Y CABRERA 

Lawyer; public man; 
writer. 

Andres Segura y Cabrera was born on 
the twenty-third of October, 1864, in the 
city of Havana, of Cuban parentage. He 
pursued his secondary studies in Havana, 
taking the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 
1883, and then entered what was then the 
Royal University of Letters at Havana, 
where he pursued legal studies. In 1888 
he was graduated as Licentiate in Civil 
and Canon Law, and immediately after 
graduation began to practice his profession. 
In 1897 he received the degree of Doctor 
of Jurisprudence and in 1898 the title of 
Notary Public. In the year 1900, he was 
graduated as Public Expert Land Surveyor 
and Taxer of Lands in the professional 
school of the Island of Cuba, which later 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



658 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




on was incorporated in the Engineering 
Institute of the University. In 1805 he 
graduated as Mercantile Professor in the 
Havana School of Commerce, an institu- 
tion affiliated with the Institute. After 
being duly authorized by the Secretary of 
Public Instruction and after having given 
proof in the University of his training in 
Paleography, he began the exercise also of 
expert caligraph and paleograph and expert 
chirograph. 

During the course of his public career he 
has filled the following positions: Assist- 
ant Reporter and Administrative Judicial 
Instructor in the Bureau of Public Works; 
and acted in the same capacity in the 
Bureau of Agriculture, Commerce, and 
Labor; ex -municipal Judge of the Town of 
Regla; ex-secretary in the office of the 
Civil Section in the Havana Court and in 
the local Tribunal of Administrative Cases 
in the Island of Cuba; Clerk of the Depart- 
ment of Records and Judicial Archives in 
the Department of Finance; President of 
the National Association of Land Surveyors 
in the Republic of Cuba; of the Buenos 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



SEGURA 


659 


Aires Latin-American Scientific Congress; 
of the Perpignan Agricultural Scientific 
and Literary Society of the Pirenes-Orien- 
tales; of the Xew York Society of Medical 
Jurisprudence; of the Caracas Academy of 
National History ; Corresponding Member 
of the Association of Medical experts 
attached to the Courts of the State of Yu- 
catan; Corresponding Member of the Bar- 
celona Economic Society, called Amigos del 
Pais; of the Economic Society of Havana, 
called Amigos del Pais; of the Economic 
Society of Porto Rico; of the Associa- 
tion of Sugar Manufacturers and Dis- 
tillers in Cuba; of the Society of Electri- 
cians in Havana; founder and ex-director 
of the Colegio "El Salvador" in Havana; 
member of the National Touring Club of 
Spain; author of various works on legal 
matters and land taxation ; as the author of 
these works the holder of a prize given by 
the Paris Exposition of 1900; founder and 
ex-director of La Revista Decenal de Jufis- 
; prudencia y Xoticias; El Mundo Judicial; 
of the review Los Sports; editor of the 
Considtorio de la Discusion; ex-editor of the 




AND MONOGRAPHS I 



66o 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




same section in El Comercio; contributor 
to El Figaro; Cuba Agricola; Revista del 
Foro; Diario de la Marina; Cuba y America; 
Revista de Construcciones y Agrimensura, etc. , 
etc. The works and papers published by 
him are tbe following: Indice alfabetico de 
la Ley Hipotecaria y su Reglamento (1887); 
Comentarios al Real Decreto de Ensenanza 
Libre (1887); Prolegomenos e Historia del 
Derecho Mercantil (1887); Las Costas Pro- 
cesales en los Tribunales Contencioso-Ad- 
ministrativos (1892); La caducidad de la 
Instancia en asuntos Contencioso- Adminis- 
trates (1893); Los Deser tores de la vida 
(1893); El Mundo Judicial (1894); En- 
sayo de un programa para el estudio de 
lo Contencioso- Administrativo (1894); La 
simonia ( 1 89 5) ; El Contrato de Seguro de vida 
(1897); La Policta Judicial ante los Delitos 
Publicos (1900); Almanaque Judicial, para 
1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, y 1914; El Auto- 
movil y el Chauffeur (191 5). 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



HERNANDEZ 


661 




EUSEBIO HERNANDEZ 

Soldier ; physician. 

Eusebio Hernandez was born in the 
year 1858, in the town of Colon, Province 
of Matanzas, and received his education in 
Madrid where he obtained the degree of 
Doctor of Medicine which was afterwards 
confirmed at Tegucigalpa, the capital of 
Honduras, and also at Havana. At a 
later date he pursued special studies in 
obstetrics in Paris. 

In 1879 he interrupted his studies at 
Madrid to take part in the revolution 
known as the "Little War" (La Guerra 
Chiquita) which had its origin in an upris- 
ing organized abroad and brought to pass 
in Santiago on August 26th of that year. 
In this enterprise he held the rank of Cap- 
tain and in the same year he was promoted, 
in consideration of his services to the 




A N D MONOGRAPHS 


I 

1 



662 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




revolution where he cooperated with Jose 
Maceo, Emilio Nunez, Jose Marti and other 
leaders, to the rank of Major. 

In 1880 he was obliged by the persistent 
persecution of the Spanish authorities to 
leave Cuba, and he sailed to New York 
where he joined the revolutionary leader 
Calixto Garcia. With a group of revolu- 
tionists including Carlos RolofI and Jose 
Maria Aguirre he went to Kingston, Ja- 
maica, to organize an expedition directed to 
Santa Clara. The " Little War" came, how- 
ever, to an unsuccessful end and he turned 
for a time to journalism, contributing to 
the Deber of Kingston and La Republica and 
El Vara of Key West, acting also as secre- 
tary to Antonio Maceo. In the following 
year Hernandez went with a group of 
revolutionaries to Honduras and there 
continued his journalistic work in La Paz, 
El Vara, and El Renacimiento . 

In 1883 he was appointed Professor in 
the School of Medicine of Tegucigalpa and 
there continued his labors as a revolution- 
ist, serving as envoy of Generals Antonio 
Maceo and Maximo Gomez to the govern- 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



HERNANDEZ 


663 


ments of Honduras, Guatemala, and San 
Salvador. These labors finished he went to 
Europe to resume his medical studies, but 
continued his relations with the revolu- 
tionary group and took an active part in 
the Revolution of 1895—8. 

Hernandez maintained an equal loyalty 
to his profession and served in many ca- 
pacities in his special field ot obstetrics. 
He was interne in the clinic of Bandelacque 
in Paris; assistant to Professor Segond in 
the same clinic; Professor of Obstetrics in 
the Free School of Medicine of Havana; 
Professor of Obstetrics in the clinic of the 
University of Havana; chairman of the 
Board of Patrons of the Hospital of San 
Lazaro, etc., etc. He is also author of 
many articles in his special field of 
medicine. 

• On the political side, Hernandez has 
played a prominent part, having been Chief 
of his political party and its candidate for 
high office. He was Vice-president from 
1908 to 191 2; President of the Historical 
Assembly, and in 19 12 was candidate for 
Vice-president but was defeated. 




AND M ONOGRAPHS 


I 



RODRIGUEZ 


665 


JOSE LOPEZ RODRIGUEZ 

Merchant ; planter ; 
financier. 

Jose Lopez Rodriguez was born in 
Spain but emigrated to seek his fortune in 
Cuba before he was twenty. He arrived 
in Havana without money or friends or 
education, penniless and illiterate. In 
spite of these hindrances, Lopez Rodriguez 
has won great success and has become 
one of the most widely known and reputed 
to be one of the richest men in Cuba. 

He began his business career as a dealer 
in books and though he has since extended 
his interests into many fields, — printing, 
manufacturing, contracting, farming, sugar 
planting, real estate, banking, etc., — he 
has retained his early interest and still has 
one of the leading book-stores of Havana 
and in fact of Cuba. 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



666 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




Serior Rodriguez, known far and wide 
as "Pote," and regarded with almost 
sentimental respect for his remarkable 
business sagacity and the prosperity of his 
enterprises, has made no attempt to enter 
the public life of Cuba but continues to 
devote himself to his commercial and 
financial interests. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



CORONA DO 


667 


TOMAS V. CORONADO 

Physician; teacher; author. 

Tomas V. Coroxado was born in 1855 in 
Matanzas and there in his native town com- 
pleted the courses leading to the Bachelor's 
degree at the Colegio u La Empresa " and in 
the Institute. Interrupted for a time by 
reverses of fortune which obliged him to 
turn to commercial pursuits, he resumed 
his studies at the University of Havana 
where in 1881 he gained the degree of 
Licentiate and in the following year that 
of Doctor in Medicine and Surgery. While 
he was a student he won in competitive 
examination the appointment as Assistant 
in Dissection and Histology and later that 
of Interne in the Hospital of San Felipe 
and Santiago. He served also as free in- 
structor of preparatory education in Zool- 
ogy, Mineralogy, Anatomy, and Histology. 




AND M ON 0 GRAPHS 


I 



668 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




From 1882 to 1893 he was a member of 
the Board of Health of Cabanas. 

In 1888 he founded a free station for 
vaccination in the district of San Diego in 
Vuelta Abajo. 

In 1896 he was Delegate representing 
Cuba and Porto Rico to the Second Pan- 
American Medical Congress, held in Mex- 
ico. 

In 1899 he aided in founding the Medico- 
pharmaceutical Association of Cuba and 
served as its Secretary; in the following 
year he became its Vice-president and in 
1 90 1 its President. 

In 1899 he was appointed auxiliary pro- 
fessor in the Faculty of Sciences in the Uni- 
versity. In 1900 he received the degrees 
of Licentiate and Doctor in Physico- 
Chemical Science and Pharmacy and in the 
same year won the position, by competi- 
tive examination, of auxiliary Professor of 
Hygiene and Legal Medicine. 

Dr. Coronado has held many honorary 
positions and is member of many societies. 
He is a member of the National Board of 
Health; he has served as Vice-president of 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



CORONADO 


669 


the Academy of Sciences and as President 
of the Society for Clinical Studies. 

In 191 8, after being auxiliary Professor 
of Hygiene and Legal Medicine for seven- 
teen years, he became titular Professor. 
He has devoted himself chiefly for a 
number of years to Hygiene and Medi- 
cine, and has in preparation a work on 
Hygiene and Sanitary Legislation in Cuba. 

His published works are very numerous 
and include: Presentacion a la Academia 
de preparaciones de filar ias sanguinis hom- 
inis, 1879; Pleuresia con derrame, muerte, 
1 881; Hemato-quiluria de los paises cdlidos, 
1882; Tratamiento de las fiebres paludicas 
sin quinina, 1888; Boton de Biskra, 1888; 
Envenenamiento autoctono en el paludismo, 
1888; Ayuda forceps, 1888; Cuerpo extrano 
en la articulacion per oneo -tibial superior, 
1888; Impotencia temporal, 1888; El mi- 
crobio del paludismo, 1889; Orquitis paludi- 
cas, 1889; Cuerpos de Laveran, su confirma- 
cion, 1889; I Pneumonia paludica? 1889; 
Contestacion al Dr. Roig, 1889; Crttica 
cientifica, 1889; Tetanos traumdtico, su 
tratamiento, 1889; Erupciones medica- 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



670 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




mentosas, 1889; Correspondencia de Guar- 
eiras, 1890; Estadtstica de una localidad de 
Vuelta Abajo, 1890; Del paludismo, 1890; 
Formas anormales del paludismo, 1890; Diag- 
nostic y pronostico de los paludicos, 1890; 
La nigua, Dermathophilus penetrans, de 
los paises calidos, 1890; Tratamiento de los 
paludicos, 1891; El hematozoario del palu- 
disnio desde el punto de vista clinico, 1891; 
El paludismo como complicacion, 1891; 
Apreciaciones sobre el tratamiento de los 
paludicos, 1891; Deter minaciones viscerates 
del paludismo, 1892 (En colaboracion del 
Dr. Madan) ; Formas cllnicas del paludismo 
en Cuba, 1892 (En colaboracion con el Dr. 
Madan); Pustula maligna, 1892; Confirma- 
tion experimental de la bacteridia, 1892; Re- 
confirmation de la bacteridia de Davaine, 1892 ; 
Pustula maligna, 1892; Campos malditos, 
1892; El microbio de la malaria, 1892; Re- 
production de los hematozoarios, 1892; Gripe, 
Una epidemia, 1893; Laverdneas linhemicas, 
1 893 ; Remitentes paludicas de larga duration, 
1894; Paludismo y puerperio, 1895; Hema- 
tozoarios de Laveran, 1895; Contribution al 
estudio de la profilaxia del paludismo, 1895; 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



CORONA DO 


671 


Observaciones clinicas de la difteria, 1896; 
Laverdneas en las aguas del Cerro, 1896. 

Fiebre amarilla, 1896; Suero diagnostico 
en la tifoidea, 1896; El microbio de la gripe, 
1896; Pustula maligna, 1896; Las fiebres 
hipertermicas, 1896; Pirexias en la Ida de 
Cuba (Libro, en colaboracion con el Dr. 
Madan, premiado por la Academia de 
Ciencias, 1896); El dengue en la Habana, 
1897; El paludismo es contagioso, 1897; 
Trasmision del paludismo, 1897; Fiebres 
alias de origen gripal, 1897; El paludismo es 
trasmisible, 1897; La fiebre amarilla en los 
cubanos, 1897; Unidad del paludismo, 1897; 
Disentertas gripales, 1898; Apreciaciones 
sobre el tratamiento clinico del paludismo , 
1898; Feto hemectro-melico con hidrocefalia 
y enter oceles, 1898; Gripe, 1898; Nuevo 
metodo para diagnosticar la gripe, 1898; 
Enterocolitis gripales, 1899; El Dr. Madan 
como clinico, 1899; Pustula maligna, cura- 
cion, 1899; Nuestras fiebres, 1899; Resena 
de los trabajos realizados en el ultimo bienio, 
1899; Medicacion cacodilica, 1900; Critica 
del plan de ensenanza del Sr. Varona, 1900; 
Protestas al nuevo plan de estudios universi- 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



672 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




tarios, 1900; Reglamentos profesionales, 
1900; El sulfato de sosa, 1900; Inter eses pro- 
fesionales, iqoo; Deontologia medica, 1900; 
El paludismc es contagioso, 1900; Espirilo 
de la recurrente, 1901; Informe en causa por 
muerte, 1901; Informe sobre inj 'anticidio , 
1 90 1 ; Elm Congreso Medico Pan Americano 
(Discurso), 1901; Personiftcacidn del al- 
truismo, apuntes biogrdficos del Dr. Vila, 
1 901; Juicio critico sobre el diagnostico 
de la fiebre amarilla, 1901; Fiebres re- 
currentes (Conf erencia) , 1901; Botiquines 
acefalos, 1901; Comprobadores de pesas y 
medidas, 1901; La botica municipal, 1901; 
El nuevo Reglamento de Farmacia, 1901; 
Formulas favor itas para la Grippe y el palu- 
dismo de repetition, 1901; Don Antonio 
Guiteras y el Colegio " La Empresa," 1901; 
Tecnica del procedimiento de W assermann 
y Schulz sobre la aglutinacion con ciertos 
sueros, 1902; Aglutinacion y disolucion de 
los globulos rojos en las manchas de sangre, 
1902; Informe medico legal sobre un inf an- 
ticidio, 1902; El Dr. Carlos F inlay y sus 
descubrimientos de la patogenia amarilla, 
1902; Higiene publica. La salud del norte 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



CORONADO 


673 


americano en Cuba, 1902; Reconstruction de 
las viviendas en los distritos rurales, 1902; 
I Placer es imbeciles? Higiene de los sports, 
1903; Informe Medico legal en causa par 
estupro, 1904; Etiologta y Profilaxis del palu- 
dismo en Cuba, 1905 ; Psicologia de los Simu- 
ladorcs (Discurso), 1905; Informe medico 
legal en causa por duelo, 1905; Confer encia 
sobre cl diagnostico de lafiebre amarilla, 1905 ; 
El Tctudn en la Habana, 1906; Nuestros 
parques y paseos en el porvenir, 1906; Un 
modesto Colegio en el porvenir, 1906; La 
nneva Cdledra de enfermedades mental es y 
nerviosas, 1906; Un sanatorio ideal en las 
lomas del Cuzco, 1906; Higiene escolar para 
los maestros. 




AND MONOGRAPHS 


I 



ROSENDO COLLAZO 


675 


ROSENDO COLLAZO 

Soldier. 

Rosenpo Collazo y Garcia was born 
on the Hacienda "San Jose," in the dis- 
trict of Mangas, Province of Plnar del Rio 
on the first of March, 1875, and obtained 
his education in the provincial Institute 
of Pinar del Rio. 

He joined the ; Revolutionary Army in 
1895 an d thus entered the military pro- 
fession to which he has devoted his life. 
His first command was that of Captain in 
the forces of Brigadier General Torres and 
Colonel Nunez who were cooperating with 
Generals Gomez and Maceo. He obtained 
promotion to the rank of Lieut. Colonel 
by conspicuous gallantry in the action of 
"Galope" on March 17, 1896, and in May 
14, 1898, won the rank of Colonel in the 
battle of "Flor de Mayo" at Guines. 




HISPANIC NOTES 


I 



676 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




He saw much active service and took 
part in a great number of combats small 
and great, among them " Guano Prieto, " 
"Caiman," "Mulatin," "Potrero de Men- 
doza," "Batabano, " "Canja de Prieto," 
"Ufon," "La Lima," "Adjovin" and 
"Venecia." 

When the war closed he was appointed 
Inspector of Police for Havana (Fifth Zone) 
and fulfilled the duties of this post until 
1903 when he was made First Lieutenant 
in the Rural Guard. In 1905 when a 
revolution was attempted in the district of 
Alquizar he was called upon at the sugges- 
tion of President Palma to assume com- 
mand in the zone of disturbance, where he 
speedily restored order, taking a great 
number of the rebels prisoners and com- 
pelling the surrender of their leaders. This 
and his success in dealing with the threat- 
ened revolution of August, 1906, secured 
him promotion to the rank of Captain. 

In these and other actions it has been 
chiefly as an organizer and as an expert in 
the use of machine guns that Major Collazo 
— rank granted him in 191 2 — has gained his 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



ROSENDO COLL AZO 677 



successes. To this weapon he has given 
special study and attention making it the 
subject of various articles for publication. 

In the year 191 2 Major Collazo was 
placed in command of the operations of the 
so-called "War of the races," or negro 
uprising in the Cobro district where he 
took personal charge and had part in 
numerous skirmishes as well as engage- 
ments of a larger scope including those at 
"Santa Elena," "La Yaya," "Trinchera," 
"Gran Colima," "Loma de Gato," "Bar- 
raquerra, " etc., etc. — operations which he 
brought to a successful termination. 

He was appointed in this year Pay- 
master General of the Army. 

In 1 9 1 3 he was promoted to the rank of 
Lieutenant Colonel and in 191 5 to that of 
Colonel. In igiy when a revolution was 
threatened he was in command of the 
troops who captured the city of Sancti 
Spiritus and sometime later seized General 
Gomez and staff — thus putting an end to 
the rising. 

He has always maintained an active 
interest in sports, particularly in polo in 



AND MONOGRAPHS 



I 

I 



678 


CUBANS OF TO-DAY 




which he has been Captain of the Artillery 
team and has won two years in succession 
the trophy offered by the President. He 
has also written occasional articles on mili- 
tary subjects, particularly in his special 
field of the Machine Gun and its uses. 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



INDEX 



679 



INDEX 

PAGE 



Aguayo, Alfredo M. . . . 285 

Alamilla Requeij, Emilio.. 283 

Alberdi, Nicolas 599 

Albertini y de Cardenas, Oscar Diaz 325 

Alcorta, Leandro Gonzalez 249 

Aleman, Ricardo M 429 

Andre Alvarado, Armando 163 

Angulo, Manuel Rafael 401 

Aragon, Adolf o de 11 1 

Aragon y Munoz, Ernesto A. de 353 

Aramburo, Mariano 607 

Aramburu, Joaquin N 437 

Arango, Francisco de 95 

Armas, Rodolfo Rodriguez de 159 

Arocha y Llaneras, Gustavo F 231 

Arteaga, Manuel 467 

Asbert, Ernesto 369 

Averhoff y Pla, Octavio 331 

Baralt, Blanche Zacharie de 169 

Baralt, Luis A 189 

Baralt, Jr., Luis A 71 

Barraqfle y Adue, Jesus Maria 535 

Barreras Fernandez, Alberto 149 

Betancourt Manduley, Alcides 347 

Betanc ourt Manduley, Arturo 87 

Betancourt y Castillo, Temistocles 445 

Betanf ourt y Dovalos, Pedro E 291 

Blancl;, Hubert de 115 

Bobadilla, Emilio de 449 

Brouwer, Julio E. 427 

Brull, Mariano 109 

Bustamante, Antonio Sanchez de 127 — 

Bustamante, Mario Munoz , 157 

Busto y Delgado, Nemesio 453 

Byrne, Bonifacio 455 



AND MONOGRAPHS I 
I 



68o 


INDEX 




„ , „ . , PAGE 

Cabrera Saavedra, Francisco 571 

Callejas, Felix 46 x 

Calvo y Castellanos, Pedro 533 

Cancio y Luna, Leopoldo 601 

Carbonell, Luis Garcia. . . . 161 

Carbonell y Rivero, Jose Manuel 279 

Carbonell y Rivero, Nestor 10 1 

Cardenas, Julio de. 625 

Cardenas y Echarte, Raul de 211 

Carricarte, Arturo R. de. . 165 

Carrion y Cardenas. Miguel de 327 

~Casariego, Arturo Garcia 301 

Castro, Raimundo de 123 

Casuso, Gabriel f . . . 305 

Cespedes, Carlos, Miguel dc 309 

Chacon, Jose Maria 339 

Collantes, Jose Maria 223 

Collazo y Garcia Rosendo 675 

Comallonga y Mena, Jose 411 

Cordova y Quesada, Armando de 479 

Cornide, Jose,B 345 

Coronado y Alvaro, Francisco de Paula 481 

Correoso, A. Bravo 351 

Cortina, Jos6 Manuel 19 

Cuevas Zequeira, Ser^'o. 185 

Dihigo, Juan Miguel 493 

Dominguez Roldan, Francisco 217 

Dominguez, Roldan, Guillermo 617 

Faillacq, Jorge Navarro. 105 


I 


HISPANIC NOTES 



INDEX 68 1 



PAGE 

Fernandez Mascaro, Guiilermo 525 

Fernandez, Rafael A 605 

Fernandez, Wifredo 323 

Fernandez de Castro, Rafael 317 

Figarola Caneda, Domingo 91 

Figueredo y Socarras, Fernando 23 

Figueroa y Marti, Leopoldo , 51 

Finlay, Carlos E 221 

Frau Marsal, Lorenzo 523 

Freyre de Andrade, Fernando 181 

Garcia Canizares, Felipe 465 

Garcia Canizares, Santiago 439 

Garcia Mon, Ramon 565 

Garmendia y Rodriguez, Miguel. 233 

Gomez, Jose Miguel 131 

Gomez, Juan Gualberto 509 

Gonsales, Aurelia Castillo de 263 

' Gonzalez Benard, Alfredo 13 

j Gonzalez Sarrain, Felipe 107 

Guardia, Cristobal de la 355 

Guerra, Pedro Mendoza_ SH 

Guerra y Sanchez, Ramiro 335 

Guiral, Rodolfo 419 

Guiteras, Juan 271 

[Gutierrez Quiros, Manuel 277 

Gutierrez y Sanchez, Gustavo 515 

Henares y Briega, Francisco, 303 

Henriquez Urefia, Max 97 

Hernandez, Charles 27 

Hernandez, Eusebio 661 

Hernandez Cartaya, Enrique 469 

Herrera, Julio Blanco 155 

Herryman Gil, Manuel 629 

Hevia, Aurelio 621 

Hevia y Diaz, Arturo 611 

Huerta, Santiago de la 6-2-3 

Tglesia y Santos, Alvaro de la 50 

Iraizoz y del Villar, Antonio 295 

Jorrin, Leonardo Sorzano 73 

Justiz, Francisco Carrera 381 

Justiz, Tomas Juan de 153 



AND MONOGRAPHS I 



INDEX 



Laine, Honore F \- 

Landa, Maria de los Angeles 62 

Lebredo y Arango, Mario G ' 53 

Le Roy Cassa, Jorge 11 

Lies, Fernando . A 

Lopez del Valle, A. A 63 

Lopez Rodriguez, Jose 66 

Machado y Morales, Gerardo 52 

Malberti, Jose A ' " 5 

Marquez Sterling, Manuel 57 

Marti y Zayas Bazan, Jose 21 

Martinez, Emilio " ; 39 

Massaguer, Conrado Walter . 403 

Mencia y Garcia, Manuel 24 

Mendieta, Carlos 52? 

Menocal, Armando . ^ 

Menocal, Juan Manuel 4^ 

Menocal, Mario G 

Mestre, Aristides 53> 

Miguel y Merino, Pablc 443 

Milanes y Figueredo, Jorge C 63 

Miro y Argenter, Jose 545 

Montagu, Guillermo de 287 

Montalvo, Rafael 540 

Montane, Luis 251 

Montori de Cespedes, Arturo 367 

Montoro. Rafael 7 

Morales Diaz, Modesto. 171 

Morejon, Alfredo Rodriguez 333 

Morey, Antonio Rodriguez 117 

Munoz, Victor 237 

Xieto de Herrera, Carmela 363 

Xunez, Emilio 639 

Ortega y Bolanos. Luis 297 

O'-tiz y Fernandez, Fernando 373 

Pardo Suarez, Antonio 583 

n ardo Suarez, Vicente 15 

Pasalodos, Damaso 551 

Patterson, Guillermo 343 

Pereda y Galvez ; Jose 555 

Perez, Luis Marino 227 

Perez Beato, Manuel 255 



HISPANIC NOTES 



INDEX 



PAGE 

Perez Miro, Abraham 393 

Perez- Vento y Nin, Rafael 147 

Pichardo, Jose Antonio 61 

Pino, Gustavo 33 

Plasencia, Leonel 49 

Poncet y de Cardenas, Carolina 559 

Presno, Jose Antonio 389 

Pujol, M. Alonso. 357 

Ramos y Delgado, Domingo F 239 

Recio y Aguero, Enrique 563 

Remos, Juan J 43 1 

Rio, Francisco del 423 

Rivero, Nicolas 75 

Rivero y Gandara, Manuel 547 

Roberts, Hugo 177 

Rodriguez Garcia, Jose A 4°7 

Rodriguez Lendian, Evelio 43 

Roig y Fortesaavedra, Enrique 573 

Roig y Leuchsenring, Emilia 567 

Rojas, Carlos M. de 645 

Rojas y Cruzat, Alberto de 569 

Romanach, Leopoldo 175 

Ruiz Cadalso, Alejandro 425 

Ruiz y Rodriguez, Manuel 361 

Saladrigas y Lunar, Enrique 307 

Salazar, Salvador 39 7 

Sanchez de Fuentes, Fernando 505 

Sanchez Galarraga, Gustavo 311 

Sanguily, Manuel 313 

Santamaria, Luis 577 

Santos Fernandez, Juan 143 

Santovenia, Emeterio S 103 

Sato y Sagarra, Luis de 575 

Segui, Domingo Hernando 329 

Segura y Cabrera, Andres 657 

Soler, Fernandez Jose M 365 

Souza, Benigno 643 

Tamayo y Figueredo, Diego 35 

Tarafa, Jose -. 589 

Tio Lola R. y Ponce de Leon de 209 

Theye y Shoste, Carlos 647 

Torre, Carlos de la 649 

Torriente, Cosme de la 79 



AND MONOGRAPHS 



684 



INDEX 



PAGE 

Torriente, Ricardo de la 593 

Trelles, Carlos M 203 

Trelles Estorba, Victorino 321 

Truffin, Regis du Repaire de 595 

Valdes Anciano, Jose A 31 

Vald6s Dapena, Antonio Maria 516 

Valle y Diaz, Jaime 597 

Varela Zequeira, Jose. . . 585 

Varona, Enrique Jose 199 

Velasco y Perez, Carlos de 55 

Villa, Jose G 441 

Villalon, Manuel 591 

Villalon y Sanchez, Ramon Jose 385 

Villoldo, Julio 53 

Weiss, Marcelino. 65 

Zayas, Alfredo 377 



HISPANIC NOTES 



-0 B't! 



